The Restoration
王政復(fù)辟
When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and was succeeded by his son, Richard, the regime began to collapse. One of Cromwell's generals George Monck, occupied London and arranged for new parliamentary elections. The Parliament thus was elected in 1660 resolved the crisis by asking the late King's son to return from his exile in France as king Charles II. It was called the Restoration.
1658年奧利弗克倫威爾去世，他的兒子理查德繼任護(hù)國公，政權(quán)立即開始瓦解?？藗愅柕囊晃粚④妴讨蚊煽苏碱I(lǐng)倫敦，安排新的議會選舉。1660年選出的議會要求上一任國王的兒子長期流亡地法國回國作國王查爾斯二世，從而解決了危機(jī)。這就是所謂的王政復(fù)辟。
The Glorious Revolution of 1688
1688年光榮革命
In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.
1685年查爾斯二世去世，由其弟詹姆斯二世繼位。詹姆斯二世從小在歐洲流亡長大，是個(gè)天主教徒，他希望不放棄個(gè)人宗教信仰統(tǒng)治國家。但是1688的英國已不象40年前那樣能容忍天主教徒當(dāng)國王了。英國政客反對詹姆斯二世，他們呼吁信奉新教的國王，奧蘭治親王威謙入侵英國奪取王位。1688年11月15日威廉在托爾比登陸并占領(lǐng)倫敦。這一占領(lǐng)相對平靜，既未流血也未處死國王，所以就稱為“光榮革命”。
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605
1605年
The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies. On Nov. 5,1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the House of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gun-powder in the cellars. The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on Nov. 5, when a bonfire is lit to turn a guy and a firework display is arranged.
1605年的火藥陰謀案是最的天主教陰謀。1605年11月5日，幾個(gè)狂熱的天主教徒企圖在議會大廈炸死國王和大臣，蓋伊?？怂挂言诘亟逊帕苏ㄋ幫?。結(jié)果是?？怂购屯锉涣⒓刺幩?，以及更嚴(yán)厲的反天主教法律的頒發(fā)。長斯結(jié)果是每年11月5日舉行慶祝儀式，點(diǎn)燃火堆焚燒蓋伊模擬像并燃放煙火。