一、真題文章
According to the new school of scientists， technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward， they say， not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. “In short，” a leader of the new school contends， “the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions”。
Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo， Newton， Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to， and derived great benefit from， craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo‘s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy， an astronomer of the second century， whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story， according to the new school of scientists， was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之） often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
二、考研核心詞匯
horizon n. 地平線 n. 1地平（線）2（知識，思想等的）范圍，視野
[例] Science gives us a new horizon. 科學(xué)使我們大開新的眼界。
[派生] horizontal adj. 地平線的， 水平的
[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平線上； 剛剛冒出地平線； 即將出現(xiàn)的（事件）
在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來
insight n. 洞察力， 見識
[例] a man of insight 有洞察力的人
[同義] intuition， perception， wisdom
[派生] insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻見解的
[固定搭配] gain an insight into 了解， 熟悉； 看透；識破
instrument n. 工具， 手段， 器械， 器具
[例] an instrument for writing 書寫工具
[同義] means ，tool， apparatus， appliance， device， implement
[派生] instrumental adj. 儀器的， 器械的， 樂器的
innumerable adj. 無數(shù)的， 數(shù)不清的
[例] an innumerable throng of people 人山人海
[同義] many ，countless， infinite， unlimited
[派生] innumerably adv. 數(shù)不清地， 無數(shù)地
fundamental adj. 基礎(chǔ)的， 基本的 n. 基本原則， 基本原理
[例] Fresh air is fundamental to good health.
空氣新鮮是身體健康之必需。
[同義] basic， elementary ，essential ，primary
[反義] secondary adj. 次要的， 二級的， 中級的， 第二的
[派生] fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)， 基本原理， 臀部
hail n. 1冰雹2致敬， 招呼3一陣 vt. 1向……歡呼， 致敬， 招呼2使象下雹樣落下；猛發(fā) vi. 1招呼2下雹 int. 萬歲， 歡迎
[例] The crowd hailed stones upon the thief. 群眾對小偷大扔石頭。
[同義] cheer， greet ，shout， sleet， welcome
[派生] haily adj. 冰雹的， 冰雹狀的，夾有冰雹的
centerpiece n. 中心裝飾品， （餐桌中央的擺飾）
[例] tailpipe centerpiece 尾管中心件
astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家
[例]An astronomer is the one that specializes in astronomy.
天文學(xué)家是專門從事天文學(xué)研究的人。
[派生] astronomy n. 天文學(xué)
glory n. 榮譽(yù)， 光榮
[例] Win glory for our motherland！ 為祖國爭光！
[同義] fame， honor， prestige
[反義] disgrace n. 恥辱， 失寵， 丟臉的人（或事） v. 玷污
[派生] glorify v. 使更壯麗， 贊揚(yáng)
telescope n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 v. 壓縮
[例] When the trains crashed into each other， the cars were telescoped.
那兩輛火車相撞時(shí)， 車廂擠在一起了。
[派生] telescopic adj. 遠(yuǎn)視的；伸縮的
revolve v. 1（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)， 循環(huán)出現(xiàn)2考慮
[例] He revolved the main points in his mind. 他在心中思索要點(diǎn)。
[同義] circle ，go around ，turn
[派生] revolving v. 旋轉(zhuǎn) adj. 旋轉(zhuǎn)的
dispute v. 1爭論， 辯論；懷疑2抗拒， 阻止， 爭奪（土地，勝利等）
n. 爭論， 辯論， 爭吵
[例] The lawyer disputed the truth of the witness's statement.
律師對證人的話的真實(shí)性提出了懷疑。
[同義] argue ， contest， debate， fight ， oppose ， quarrel
[反義] agree vi. 1同意， 贊成……的意見， 與……一致， 承認(rèn)2適合vt. 同意
[派生] disputer n. 爭論者
[固定搭配] in dispute with 與…爭論； 與…有爭議；under dispute 在爭論中；在辯論中 （= in dispute）；
expense n. 1費(fèi)用， 代價(jià)， 開支2損失
[例] What are the expenses of moving house？ 搬家的花銷是多少？
[同義] cost， payment
[固定搭配] spare no expense 不惜代價(jià)； at sb.'s expense 由某人付錢
According to the new school of scientists， technology is an overlooked force on expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. Science moves forward， they say， not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. “In short，” a leader of the new school contends， “the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions”。
Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo， Newton， Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to， and derived great benefit from， craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo‘s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy， an astronomer of the second century， whose elaborate system of the sky put earth at the center of all heavenly motions. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. But the real hero of the story， according to the new school of scientists， was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.
Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之） often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
二、考研核心詞匯
horizon n. 地平線 n. 1地平（線）2（知識，思想等的）范圍，視野
[例] Science gives us a new horizon. 科學(xué)使我們大開新的眼界。
[派生] horizontal adj. 地平線的， 水平的
[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平線上； 剛剛冒出地平線； 即將出現(xiàn)的（事件）
在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來
insight n. 洞察力， 見識
[例] a man of insight 有洞察力的人
[同義] intuition， perception， wisdom
[派生] insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻見解的
[固定搭配] gain an insight into 了解， 熟悉； 看透；識破
instrument n. 工具， 手段， 器械， 器具
[例] an instrument for writing 書寫工具
[同義] means ，tool， apparatus， appliance， device， implement
[派生] instrumental adj. 儀器的， 器械的， 樂器的
innumerable adj. 無數(shù)的， 數(shù)不清的
[例] an innumerable throng of people 人山人海
[同義] many ，countless， infinite， unlimited
[派生] innumerably adv. 數(shù)不清地， 無數(shù)地
fundamental adj. 基礎(chǔ)的， 基本的 n. 基本原則， 基本原理
[例] Fresh air is fundamental to good health.
空氣新鮮是身體健康之必需。
[同義] basic， elementary ，essential ，primary
[反義] secondary adj. 次要的， 二級的， 中級的， 第二的
[派生] fundament n. 基礎(chǔ)， 基本原理， 臀部
hail n. 1冰雹2致敬， 招呼3一陣 vt. 1向……歡呼， 致敬， 招呼2使象下雹樣落下；猛發(fā) vi. 1招呼2下雹 int. 萬歲， 歡迎
[例] The crowd hailed stones upon the thief. 群眾對小偷大扔石頭。
[同義] cheer， greet ，shout， sleet， welcome
[派生] haily adj. 冰雹的， 冰雹狀的，夾有冰雹的
centerpiece n. 中心裝飾品， （餐桌中央的擺飾）
[例] tailpipe centerpiece 尾管中心件
astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家
[例]An astronomer is the one that specializes in astronomy.
天文學(xué)家是專門從事天文學(xué)研究的人。
[派生] astronomy n. 天文學(xué)
glory n. 榮譽(yù)， 光榮
[例] Win glory for our motherland！ 為祖國爭光！
[同義] fame， honor， prestige
[反義] disgrace n. 恥辱， 失寵， 丟臉的人（或事） v. 玷污
[派生] glorify v. 使更壯麗， 贊揚(yáng)
telescope n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 v. 壓縮
[例] When the trains crashed into each other， the cars were telescoped.
那兩輛火車相撞時(shí)， 車廂擠在一起了。
[派生] telescopic adj. 遠(yuǎn)視的；伸縮的
revolve v. 1（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)， 循環(huán)出現(xiàn)2考慮
[例] He revolved the main points in his mind. 他在心中思索要點(diǎn)。
[同義] circle ，go around ，turn
[派生] revolving v. 旋轉(zhuǎn) adj. 旋轉(zhuǎn)的
dispute v. 1爭論， 辯論；懷疑2抗拒， 阻止， 爭奪（土地，勝利等）
n. 爭論， 辯論， 爭吵
[例] The lawyer disputed the truth of the witness's statement.
律師對證人的話的真實(shí)性提出了懷疑。
[同義] argue ， contest， debate， fight ， oppose ， quarrel
[反義] agree vi. 1同意， 贊成……的意見， 與……一致， 承認(rèn)2適合vt. 同意
[派生] disputer n. 爭論者
[固定搭配] in dispute with 與…爭論； 與…有爭議；under dispute 在爭論中；在辯論中 （= in dispute）；
expense n. 1費(fèi)用， 代價(jià)， 開支2損失
[例] What are the expenses of moving house？ 搬家的花銷是多少？
[同義] cost， payment
[固定搭配] spare no expense 不惜代價(jià)； at sb.'s expense 由某人付錢