考研英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)句難句300句連載-12

字號(hào):

2004年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解Part A
    Text 2
    6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
    「譯文」 對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其不利之處的人來(lái)說,它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏起頭字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
    「析句」 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination.for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一個(gè)作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ),unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定語(yǔ)。全句的賓語(yǔ)是discrimination+介詞短語(yǔ)(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修飾those的定語(yǔ)從句。
    「講詞」 refer作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是“參考,查詢”。For further information,please refer to our website.(如需了解詳情,請(qǐng)瀏覽我們的網(wǎng)站。)另一個(gè)常用的意思表示“提及,談及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正談及他在西藏的經(jīng)歷。)
    discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧視常跟介詞against.注意discriminate(或discrimination)的基本意思是“區(qū)別對(duì)待”,有時(shí)表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該分清事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。)
    7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
    「譯文」 人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴嗠娫挷緯r(shí),名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
    「析句」 It has long been known that…是一個(gè)固定句式,意思是“人們?cè)缇椭馈?。其中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句。而從句本身又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分詞結(jié)構(gòu)called AAAA cars 是后置定語(yǔ),修飾firm.句末的when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
    「講詞」 advantage表示“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。)如果用于比較,advantage后面跟over.
    thumb(拇指),在句中意為“用拇指翻書”。實(shí)際上,表示人體主要器官的英文單詞都可以作動(dòng)詞,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意為“把自己武裝起來(lái)”。
    8. Thus the American president and vicepresident have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
    「譯文」 因而,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭。喬治。布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。
    「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)單句組成。在第一個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)surnames后接一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)starting with B and C respectively.在第二個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)緊跟的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in the first half of the alphabet作定語(yǔ)。against在此的意思是“與之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bushs predecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet.
    「講詞」 predecessor(前任)的反義詞是successor(繼任)。應(yīng)該記住兩個(gè)的動(dòng)詞形式和形容詞形式,分別是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding.
    9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.
    「譯文」 這僅僅是巧合嗎?按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時(shí)光時(shí)憑空想出一種理論,認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。
    「析句」 問句之后的句子由于插入了一個(gè)過去分詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)成分而顯得復(fù)雜。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定語(yǔ),修飾theory.而在這個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中又套了一個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,說明所謂的all the spare time.
    「講詞」 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you?。ㄕ媲桑以诎屠钑r(shí)你也正在那里?。?BR>    rot表示“腐爛”,既是動(dòng)詞也是名詞。the rot sets in是成語(yǔ),表示“事情節(jié)節(jié)失利”或“倒霉的事情不斷發(fā)生”。
    disadvantaged前面如加定冠詞,則表示某一類人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母順序排列不利的人。按字母排列有時(shí)甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生政治問題。據(jù)說日本就因?yàn)椴辉缚吹匠r(韓國(guó))按英語(yǔ)字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,這樣就排在日本(Japan)的后面。閱讀英文報(bào)章,我們會(huì)看到the economically dis/advantaged以及the politically dis/advantaged.
    10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
    「譯文」 求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單,都是按字母表順序排序的。當(dāng)人們順著名單費(fèi)勁找人時(shí)興趣也會(huì)變得索然了。
    「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)分句組成,第一個(gè)分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二個(gè)分句是and their recipients… plough through them.冒號(hào)前的三個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)(Shortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)all的同位語(yǔ)。在第二個(gè)分句中,as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
    「講詞」 shortlist表示“候選名單”或“備選名單”。ballot表示“選票,投票”,既可作動(dòng)詞,也可作名詞,與vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的總數(shù)”。a secret ballot(秘密投票)。
    plough作名詞意為“犁”,作動(dòng)詞表示“犁,耕;費(fèi)力穿行”。plough through在句中意為對(duì)照名單費(fèi)力尋找某個(gè)人的姓名。