2004年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解Part A
Text 2
6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
「譯文」 對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其不利之處的人來(lái)說,它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏起頭字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
「析句」 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination.for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一個(gè)作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ),unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定語(yǔ)。全句的賓語(yǔ)是discrimination+介詞短語(yǔ)(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修飾those的定語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 refer作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是“參考,查詢”。For further information,please refer to our website.(如需了解詳情,請(qǐng)瀏覽我們的網(wǎng)站。)另一個(gè)常用的意思表示“提及,談及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正談及他在西藏的經(jīng)歷。)
discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧視常跟介詞against.注意discriminate(或discrimination)的基本意思是“區(qū)別對(duì)待”,有時(shí)表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該分清事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。)
7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
「譯文」 人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴嗠娫挷緯r(shí),名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
「析句」 It has long been known that…是一個(gè)固定句式,意思是“人們?cè)缇椭馈?。其中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句。而從句本身又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分詞結(jié)構(gòu)called AAAA cars 是后置定語(yǔ),修飾firm.句末的when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 advantage表示“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。)如果用于比較,advantage后面跟over.
thumb(拇指),在句中意為“用拇指翻書”。實(shí)際上,表示人體主要器官的英文單詞都可以作動(dòng)詞,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意為“把自己武裝起來(lái)”。
8. Thus the American president and vicepresident have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
「譯文」 因而,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭。喬治。布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。
「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)單句組成。在第一個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)surnames后接一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)starting with B and C respectively.在第二個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)緊跟的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in the first half of the alphabet作定語(yǔ)。against在此的意思是“與之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bushs predecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet.
「講詞」 predecessor(前任)的反義詞是successor(繼任)。應(yīng)該記住兩個(gè)的動(dòng)詞形式和形容詞形式,分別是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding.
9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.
「譯文」 這僅僅是巧合嗎?按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時(shí)光時(shí)憑空想出一種理論,認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。
「析句」 問句之后的句子由于插入了一個(gè)過去分詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)成分而顯得復(fù)雜。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定語(yǔ),修飾theory.而在這個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中又套了一個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,說明所謂的all the spare time.
「講詞」 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you?。ㄕ媲桑以诎屠钑r(shí)你也正在那里?。?BR> rot表示“腐爛”,既是動(dòng)詞也是名詞。the rot sets in是成語(yǔ),表示“事情節(jié)節(jié)失利”或“倒霉的事情不斷發(fā)生”。
disadvantaged前面如加定冠詞,則表示某一類人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母順序排列不利的人。按字母排列有時(shí)甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生政治問題。據(jù)說日本就因?yàn)椴辉缚吹匠r(韓國(guó))按英語(yǔ)字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,這樣就排在日本(Japan)的后面。閱讀英文報(bào)章,我們會(huì)看到the economically dis/advantaged以及the politically dis/advantaged.
10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
「譯文」 求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單,都是按字母表順序排序的。當(dāng)人們順著名單費(fèi)勁找人時(shí)興趣也會(huì)變得索然了。
「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)分句組成,第一個(gè)分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二個(gè)分句是and their recipients… plough through them.冒號(hào)前的三個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)(Shortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)all的同位語(yǔ)。在第二個(gè)分句中,as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 shortlist表示“候選名單”或“備選名單”。ballot表示“選票,投票”,既可作動(dòng)詞,也可作名詞,與vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的總數(shù)”。a secret ballot(秘密投票)。
plough作名詞意為“犁”,作動(dòng)詞表示“犁,耕;費(fèi)力穿行”。plough through在句中意為對(duì)照名單費(fèi)力尋找某個(gè)人的姓名。
Text 2
6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
「譯文」 對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其不利之處的人來(lái)說,它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏起頭字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
「析句」 句子的主干是this refers to discrimination.for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一個(gè)作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ),unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定語(yǔ)。全句的賓語(yǔ)是discrimination+介詞短語(yǔ)(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修飾those的定語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 refer作不及物動(dòng)詞意思是“參考,查詢”。For further information,please refer to our website.(如需了解詳情,請(qǐng)瀏覽我們的網(wǎng)站。)另一個(gè)常用的意思表示“提及,談及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正談及他在西藏的經(jīng)歷。)
discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧視常跟介詞against.注意discriminate(或discrimination)的基本意思是“區(qū)別對(duì)待”,有時(shí)表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該分清事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。)
7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
「譯文」 人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴嗠娫挷緯r(shí),名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有更大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
「析句」 It has long been known that…是一個(gè)固定句式,意思是“人們?cè)缇椭馈?。其中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句。而從句本身又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分詞結(jié)構(gòu)called AAAA cars 是后置定語(yǔ),修飾firm.句末的when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 advantage表示“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投資對(duì)你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我們處于有利地位。)如果用于比較,advantage后面跟over.
thumb(拇指),在句中意為“用拇指翻書”。實(shí)際上,表示人體主要器官的英文單詞都可以作動(dòng)詞,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意為“把自己武裝起來(lái)”。
8. Thus the American president and vicepresident have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
「譯文」 因而,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭。喬治。布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。
「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)單句組成。在第一個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)surnames后接一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)starting with B and C respectively.在第二個(gè)單句中,賓語(yǔ)緊跟的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in the first half of the alphabet作定語(yǔ)。against在此的意思是“與之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bushs predecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet.
「講詞」 predecessor(前任)的反義詞是successor(繼任)。應(yīng)該記住兩個(gè)的動(dòng)詞形式和形容詞形式,分別是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding.
9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.
「譯文」 這僅僅是巧合嗎?按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時(shí)光時(shí)憑空想出一種理論,認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。
「析句」 問句之后的句子由于插入了一個(gè)過去分詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)成分而顯得復(fù)雜。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定語(yǔ),修飾theory.而在這個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中又套了一個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,說明所謂的all the spare time.
「講詞」 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you?。ㄕ媲桑以诎屠钑r(shí)你也正在那里?。?BR> rot表示“腐爛”,既是動(dòng)詞也是名詞。the rot sets in是成語(yǔ),表示“事情節(jié)節(jié)失利”或“倒霉的事情不斷發(fā)生”。
disadvantaged前面如加定冠詞,則表示某一類人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母順序排列不利的人。按字母排列有時(shí)甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生政治問題。據(jù)說日本就因?yàn)椴辉缚吹匠r(韓國(guó))按英語(yǔ)字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,這樣就排在日本(Japan)的后面。閱讀英文報(bào)章,我們會(huì)看到the economically dis/advantaged以及the politically dis/advantaged.
10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
「譯文」 求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單,都是按字母表順序排序的。當(dāng)人們順著名單費(fèi)勁找人時(shí)興趣也會(huì)變得索然了。
「析句」 該句由兩個(gè)分句組成,第一個(gè)分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二個(gè)分句是and their recipients… plough through them.冒號(hào)前的三個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)(Shortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一個(gè)分句主語(yǔ)all的同位語(yǔ)。在第二個(gè)分句中,as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
「講詞」 shortlist表示“候選名單”或“備選名單”。ballot表示“選票,投票”,既可作動(dòng)詞,也可作名詞,與vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的總數(shù)”。a secret ballot(秘密投票)。
plough作名詞意為“犁”,作動(dòng)詞表示“犁,耕;費(fèi)力穿行”。plough through在句中意為對(duì)照名單費(fèi)力尋找某個(gè)人的姓名。

