Unit 46
Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years, and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him, however, they'd want to shake his hand——and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries, and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.
Young, 51, head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J., was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then, the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward: When a cord is damaged, it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center, Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom, but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords, he knew, experience progressive damage after they're injured, including swelling and inflammation, which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs, might some function be preserved?
Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything, but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator, walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. "This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy," Young says.
A global revolution, actually. More than 50,000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year, and these days, methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured, but the relief it offers is only partial, and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together, he has created the International Neurotrauma Society, founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website （carecure.rutgers.edu） that receives thousands of hits each day.
"The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies," Young says. "It's the most collaborative field I know." Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general, his name would be Wise Young.
注（1）：本文選自Time；8/20/2001, p54；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題text 3；
1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could“（Line three, Paragraph 1）, the author means_______________.
[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.
[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.
[C] When meeting him, many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.
[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.
2.How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?
[A] pessimistic
[B] optimistic
[C] confused
[D] carefree
3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”（Line 3, Paragraph 3）, the author is talking about_____________.
[A] the drug
[B] the function of the injured body
[C] the function of the drug
[D] the injury
4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?
[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.
[B] His treatment is standard.
[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.
[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.
5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?
[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.
[B] When Young was young, he did not have much reason to ask questions.
[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field, Young might be the right person.
[D] Young's dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.
答案：D A B A C
篇章剖析
本文采用先總括說明，再具體闡述的方法，介紹了楊詠威在治療脊柱損傷這一領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)。第一段概括了楊詠威對很多遭受脊柱損傷人的幫助；第二段介紹楊詠威如何是對這一領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生興趣的；接著第三段描述了楊已經(jīng)取得的研究成果；從第四段中，我們知道楊對已有的成果并不滿足，呼吁這一領(lǐng)域的研究工作者共同努力，進(jìn)一步探討這個(gè)問題；第五段總括全文，說明楊是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的帶頭人。
詞匯注釋
spinal: [spaInl] adj. 脊柱的，有關(guān)脊柱的
straightforward [streit5fC:wEd] adj. 坦率的, 易懂的, 直接了當(dāng)?shù)?BR> swelling [5sweliN]n. 腫脹，腫大
inflammation [7inflE5meiFEn] n. [醫(yī)]炎癥, 發(fā)炎
preserve [pri5zE:v] vt.保護(hù), 保持, 保存
steroid [5stiErCid] n.[生化]類固醇
methylprednisolone [9meWIlpred`nIsElEJn]n. [藥]甲強(qiáng)龍,甲基強(qiáng)的松龍, ,6-甲氫化潑尼松
administer [Ed5mInIstE（r）] v. 服用，給予作為治療或藥物使用
neuroscience [7njuErEu5saiEns] n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)（ 指神經(jīng)病學(xué)、 神經(jīng)化學(xué)等）
respirator [5respEreitE] n.呼吸器
elixir [I5lIksE（r）] n. 仙丹妙藥, 長生不老藥 （= elixir of life）
prod [prRd] vt., vi.刺，戳, 督促；推動
trauma [5trC:mE] n.[醫(yī)] 外傷, 損傷
collaborative [kE`lAbEreItIv] adj.合作的, 協(xié)作的, 協(xié)力完成的
Rutger University 路特格斯大學(xué)
W.M. Keck Center 凱克神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究中心
New Brunswick 新布倫瑞克市 （美國大西洋沿岸一城市）
難句突破
1. Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved.（Line 1-3,Paragraph 3）
主體句式：Young spent a deacade……and he co-led a study
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study是兩個(gè)并列句，showing引導(dǎo)的句子是現(xiàn)在分詞, 修飾study，showing引導(dǎo)的賓語從句又是個(gè)復(fù)合句，“when high…., about 20% of …當(dāng)大劑量的…，20％的功能會恢復(fù)”。Known as methylprednisolone是過去分詞短語，作steroid的后置定語。
句子譯文：楊詠威花了10年時(shí)間鉆研這個(gè)問題。1990年，他與同仁一起發(fā)起了一次具有里程碑意義的調(diào)查研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予高劑量的甲基類固醇，即人們所知的甲強(qiáng)龍，就能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，
2. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.
主體句式：Young's dream is to help…to restore…and he is studying drugs and growth factors.這依然是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，Young's dream is to help those people和and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors… 是并列句。 “to restore function already lost” 是help的目的狀語，“that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.”是“growth factors”的 定語從句。
句子譯文：楊的夢想就是也要幫助這些人，幫助他們恢復(fù)已經(jīng)失去的功能，為了這個(gè)目的，他正在研究藥物和能改善損傷神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)功用，甚至促進(jìn)新的神經(jīng)生成的生長要素。
題目分析
1. 答案是D，屬推理判斷題。文中第一段講到如果人們能夠碰到楊詠威，他們就想和他握手，這么多神經(jīng)受到損傷的人能夠和他握手，事雖簡單，卻意義非凡。
2. 答案是A，屬推理判斷題。文中第二段講到，當(dāng)時(shí)，人們對脊髓損傷的觀念是很直接的，認(rèn)為脊椎一旦受到傷害，身體突然失去的功能一輩子都不可能恢復(fù)。由此可見，人們對此很悲觀。
3. 答案是B，屬推理判斷題。 文中第三段講到，楊發(fā)現(xiàn)在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予高劑量的甲基類固醇，就能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，20％的功用并不能代表一切，但卻讓許多傷者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或讓傷者保持行走能力，不必終生坐輪椅。所以指的是受損的神經(jīng)功能。
4.答案是A，屬推理判斷題。文中第四段講到，這種藥對那些剛受傷的人來說是靈丹妙藥，但對以前脊柱受傷的人們卻無能為力，所以楊對此并不滿意。
5.答案是C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？稍诘谝?，第二，第四，第五段找到相應(yīng)的句子。
參考譯文
過去十年，楊詠威大夫曾幫助過數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人們，但他從來也沒有見過這些人，然而，如果他們一旦遇到他，就會和他握手，此中的意義就在于這么一個(gè)簡單的事實(shí)—— 他們能夠取和人握手。 楊詠威幫助的人都是損傷脊柱的患者。他們現(xiàn)在能夠活動應(yīng)歸功于楊詠威卓越的工作。
楊詠威，51歲，是新澤西布倫瑞克市路特格斯大學(xué)凱克神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究中心的主任，他出生在20世紀(jì)中期，剛巧就在1950年的大年初一。在當(dāng)時(shí)，對于脊椎神經(jīng)損傷的觀點(diǎn)很直接，脊椎一旦受到傷害，身體突然失去的功能一輩子都不可能恢復(fù)。在斯坦福大學(xué)讀醫(yī)或在紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)藥中心當(dāng)神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生時(shí)，楊詠威從未對這一傳統(tǒng)觀念提出質(zhì)疑，但是在1980年他開始對此有了疑慮，他知道脊椎神經(jīng)在受損后會受到進(jìn)一步的傷害，包括腫脹和發(fā)炎，這樣會更加惡化現(xiàn)在的受損組織，如果后期的傷害能用藥物緩解的話，肢體的一些功能會不會就保留下來了呢？
楊詠威花了十年的時(shí)間研究這個(gè)問題，1990年他和別人合作進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)意義非凡的研究，這個(gè)研究表明，在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予大劑量的甲基類固醇，能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，雖然20％的功用并不能代表一切，卻能讓許多傷者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或讓傷者保持行走能力，不必終生坐輪椅。楊詠威說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在保護(hù)神經(jīng)治療上引起了一場革命。
事實(shí)上，這是一次全球性的革命。世界上每年有五萬多人脊椎神經(jīng)受損，現(xiàn)在注射甲基類固醇已成為美國和其他國家最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的治療方法。但楊詠威對此并不滿足，因?yàn)檫@種藥物對剛受傷的人來說，是一種靈丹妙藥，但是它提供的治療很有局限。很多人在藥物發(fā)明之前就已經(jīng)脊柱受損了，楊詠威的愿望就是也要幫助這些人，幫他們恢復(fù)已經(jīng)失去的功能。為了這一目的，他正在研究一些藥物和可以提高受損神經(jīng)活力、甚至能夠促進(jìn)新神經(jīng)生成的因素，為確保全世界神經(jīng)研究工作者能同心協(xié)力，他建立了國際神經(jīng)損傷協(xié)會，創(chuàng)辦了《神經(jīng)損傷》雜志（carecure.Rutgers.edu）網(wǎng)站，這個(gè)網(wǎng)站日點(diǎn)擊率數(shù)以萬計(jì)。
楊詠威說，治愈脊柱損傷將是各種療法的互相協(xié)作，這是我所知道的最需要合作的領(lǐng)域，但人們好像已逐步明白，如果這些研究者們需要一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人的話，那么他一定是楊詠威。
Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years, and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him, however, they'd want to shake his hand——and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries, and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.
Young, 51, head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J., was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then, the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward: When a cord is damaged, it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center, Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom, but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords, he knew, experience progressive damage after they're injured, including swelling and inflammation, which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs, might some function be preserved?
Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything, but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator, walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. "This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy," Young says.
A global revolution, actually. More than 50,000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year, and these days, methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured, but the relief it offers is only partial, and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together, he has created the International Neurotrauma Society, founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website （carecure.rutgers.edu） that receives thousands of hits each day.
"The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies," Young says. "It's the most collaborative field I know." Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had a field general, his name would be Wise Young.
注（1）：本文選自Time；8/20/2001, p54；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象2004年真題text 3；
1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could“（Line three, Paragraph 1）, the author means_______________.
[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.
[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.
[C] When meeting him, many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.
[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.
2.How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?
[A] pessimistic
[B] optimistic
[C] confused
[D] carefree
3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”（Line 3, Paragraph 3）, the author is talking about_____________.
[A] the drug
[B] the function of the injured body
[C] the function of the drug
[D] the injury
4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?
[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.
[B] His treatment is standard.
[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.
[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.
5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?
[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.
[B] When Young was young, he did not have much reason to ask questions.
[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field, Young might be the right person.
[D] Young's dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.
答案：D A B A C
篇章剖析
本文采用先總括說明，再具體闡述的方法，介紹了楊詠威在治療脊柱損傷這一領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)。第一段概括了楊詠威對很多遭受脊柱損傷人的幫助；第二段介紹楊詠威如何是對這一領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生興趣的；接著第三段描述了楊已經(jīng)取得的研究成果；從第四段中，我們知道楊對已有的成果并不滿足，呼吁這一領(lǐng)域的研究工作者共同努力，進(jìn)一步探討這個(gè)問題；第五段總括全文，說明楊是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的帶頭人。
詞匯注釋
spinal: [spaInl] adj. 脊柱的，有關(guān)脊柱的
straightforward [streit5fC:wEd] adj. 坦率的, 易懂的, 直接了當(dāng)?shù)?BR> swelling [5sweliN]n. 腫脹，腫大
inflammation [7inflE5meiFEn] n. [醫(yī)]炎癥, 發(fā)炎
preserve [pri5zE:v] vt.保護(hù), 保持, 保存
steroid [5stiErCid] n.[生化]類固醇
methylprednisolone [9meWIlpred`nIsElEJn]n. [藥]甲強(qiáng)龍,甲基強(qiáng)的松龍, ,6-甲氫化潑尼松
administer [Ed5mInIstE（r）] v. 服用，給予作為治療或藥物使用
neuroscience [7njuErEu5saiEns] n.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)（ 指神經(jīng)病學(xué)、 神經(jīng)化學(xué)等）
respirator [5respEreitE] n.呼吸器
elixir [I5lIksE（r）] n. 仙丹妙藥, 長生不老藥 （= elixir of life）
prod [prRd] vt., vi.刺，戳, 督促；推動
trauma [5trC:mE] n.[醫(yī)] 外傷, 損傷
collaborative [kE`lAbEreItIv] adj.合作的, 協(xié)作的, 協(xié)力完成的
Rutger University 路特格斯大學(xué)
W.M. Keck Center 凱克神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究中心
New Brunswick 新布倫瑞克市 （美國大西洋沿岸一城市）
難句突破
1. Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved.（Line 1-3,Paragraph 3）
主體句式：Young spent a deacade……and he co-led a study
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study是兩個(gè)并列句，showing引導(dǎo)的句子是現(xiàn)在分詞, 修飾study，showing引導(dǎo)的賓語從句又是個(gè)復(fù)合句，“when high…., about 20% of …當(dāng)大劑量的…，20％的功能會恢復(fù)”。Known as methylprednisolone是過去分詞短語，作steroid的后置定語。
句子譯文：楊詠威花了10年時(shí)間鉆研這個(gè)問題。1990年，他與同仁一起發(fā)起了一次具有里程碑意義的調(diào)查研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予高劑量的甲基類固醇，即人們所知的甲強(qiáng)龍，就能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，
2. Young's dream is to help those people too——to restore function already lost——and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.
主體句式：Young's dream is to help…to restore…and he is studying drugs and growth factors.這依然是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，Young's dream is to help those people和and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors… 是并列句。 “to restore function already lost” 是help的目的狀語，“that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones.”是“growth factors”的 定語從句。
句子譯文：楊的夢想就是也要幫助這些人，幫助他們恢復(fù)已經(jīng)失去的功能，為了這個(gè)目的，他正在研究藥物和能改善損傷神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)功用，甚至促進(jìn)新的神經(jīng)生成的生長要素。
題目分析
1. 答案是D，屬推理判斷題。文中第一段講到如果人們能夠碰到楊詠威，他們就想和他握手，這么多神經(jīng)受到損傷的人能夠和他握手，事雖簡單，卻意義非凡。
2. 答案是A，屬推理判斷題。文中第二段講到，當(dāng)時(shí)，人們對脊髓損傷的觀念是很直接的，認(rèn)為脊椎一旦受到傷害，身體突然失去的功能一輩子都不可能恢復(fù)。由此可見，人們對此很悲觀。
3. 答案是B，屬推理判斷題。 文中第三段講到，楊發(fā)現(xiàn)在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予高劑量的甲基類固醇，就能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，20％的功用并不能代表一切，但卻讓許多傷者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或讓傷者保持行走能力，不必終生坐輪椅。所以指的是受損的神經(jīng)功能。
4.答案是A，屬推理判斷題。文中第四段講到，這種藥對那些剛受傷的人來說是靈丹妙藥，但對以前脊柱受傷的人們卻無能為力，所以楊對此并不滿意。
5.答案是C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？稍诘谝?，第二，第四，第五段找到相應(yīng)的句子。
參考譯文
過去十年，楊詠威大夫曾幫助過數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人們，但他從來也沒有見過這些人，然而，如果他們一旦遇到他，就會和他握手，此中的意義就在于這么一個(gè)簡單的事實(shí)—— 他們能夠取和人握手。 楊詠威幫助的人都是損傷脊柱的患者。他們現(xiàn)在能夠活動應(yīng)歸功于楊詠威卓越的工作。
楊詠威，51歲，是新澤西布倫瑞克市路特格斯大學(xué)凱克神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究中心的主任，他出生在20世紀(jì)中期，剛巧就在1950年的大年初一。在當(dāng)時(shí)，對于脊椎神經(jīng)損傷的觀點(diǎn)很直接，脊椎一旦受到傷害，身體突然失去的功能一輩子都不可能恢復(fù)。在斯坦福大學(xué)讀醫(yī)或在紐約大學(xué)醫(yī)藥中心當(dāng)神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生時(shí)，楊詠威從未對這一傳統(tǒng)觀念提出質(zhì)疑，但是在1980年他開始對此有了疑慮，他知道脊椎神經(jīng)在受損后會受到進(jìn)一步的傷害，包括腫脹和發(fā)炎，這樣會更加惡化現(xiàn)在的受損組織，如果后期的傷害能用藥物緩解的話，肢體的一些功能會不會就保留下來了呢？
楊詠威花了十年的時(shí)間研究這個(gè)問題，1990年他和別人合作進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)意義非凡的研究，這個(gè)研究表明，在脊椎受傷8小時(shí)內(nèi)給予大劑量的甲基類固醇，能夠保全傷者20%左右的神經(jīng)功能，雖然20％的功用并不能代表一切，卻能讓許多傷者可以自行呼吸，不必依靠呼吸器；或讓傷者保持行走能力，不必終生坐輪椅。楊詠威說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在保護(hù)神經(jīng)治療上引起了一場革命。
事實(shí)上，這是一次全球性的革命。世界上每年有五萬多人脊椎神經(jīng)受損，現(xiàn)在注射甲基類固醇已成為美國和其他國家最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的治療方法。但楊詠威對此并不滿足，因?yàn)檫@種藥物對剛受傷的人來說，是一種靈丹妙藥，但是它提供的治療很有局限。很多人在藥物發(fā)明之前就已經(jīng)脊柱受損了，楊詠威的愿望就是也要幫助這些人，幫他們恢復(fù)已經(jīng)失去的功能。為了這一目的，他正在研究一些藥物和可以提高受損神經(jīng)活力、甚至能夠促進(jìn)新神經(jīng)生成的因素，為確保全世界神經(jīng)研究工作者能同心協(xié)力，他建立了國際神經(jīng)損傷協(xié)會，創(chuàng)辦了《神經(jīng)損傷》雜志（carecure.Rutgers.edu）網(wǎng)站，這個(gè)網(wǎng)站日點(diǎn)擊率數(shù)以萬計(jì)。
楊詠威說，治愈脊柱損傷將是各種療法的互相協(xié)作，這是我所知道的最需要合作的領(lǐng)域，但人們好像已逐步明白，如果這些研究者們需要一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)帶頭人的話，那么他一定是楊詠威。