Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical- and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues.
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail——on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical "dot.edu" model, free sites listing courses and professors' research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines "millions of visitors" to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. "We can offer the best of what's thought and written and researched," says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for- profit "knowledge sites," such as About.com and Hungry Minds. "If they capture this space," says Crow, "they'll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty."
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn't? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
"If there's the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished," worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia's education school. Says Kirschner: "We would never compromise the integrity of the university." Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It's going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.
注（1）：本文選自Newsweek，10/25/2004, p60-61, 2p, 3c
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象 2002年真題Text 2
1.In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in__________.
[A] academia
[B] ivory tower
[C] company
[D] medical field
2.The word “aggressively”（Line4,paragraph 2）most probably means___________.
[A] harmfully
[B] carelessly
[C] desperately
[D] boldly
3.According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is__________.
[A] offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia's students
[B] free page will feed into profit-producing page
[C] providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site
[D] offering free sites listing courses and professors' research interests
4.Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some__________.
[A] worry that the professors are not reliable
[B] think this tendency may be terrible
[C] hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit
[D] show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area
5. The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show______.
[A] if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority
[B] the new site may not add to the growing profits
[C] there exist some problems behind the profit
[D] new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion
篇章剖析
本篇主要介紹了大學(xué)利用知識獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的情況，并說明了這種做法的利弊。第一段介紹大學(xué)開始意識到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力，金錢開始流入校園；第二段用數(shù)據(jù)表明大學(xué)的收入是相當(dāng)可觀的；第三段介紹哥倫比亞大學(xué)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)贏利的做法；第四段說明大學(xué)贏利的利弊。后一段大學(xué)正在尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與學(xué)術(shù)誠信的平衡。
詞匯注釋
grapple [5^rAp（E）l] vt. 抓牢，抓緊,與…扭打，與…格斗
academia [7AkE5di:mjE] n. 學(xué)術(shù)界, 學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境
potential [pE5tenF（E）l] n.潛能, 潛力
wrestle [5resl] vi. 摔跤, 格斗, 斗爭, 斟酌
royalty [5rCiElti] n.[常用復(fù)]王權(quán); 王國; 王的領(lǐng)土, 特許權(quán)使用費(fèi), 專利權(quán)使用費(fèi); 專利權(quán)稅
aggressive [E5^resiv] adj.好斗的, 敢作敢為的, 有闖勁的, 侵略性的
pharmaceutical [7fB:mE5sju:tikEl] adj.制藥（學(xué)）上的
simulation [7simju5leiFEn] n.仿真, 假裝, 模擬
interactive [7intEr5Aktiv] adj.交互式的
provost [prE5vEu] n. 教務(wù)長
faculty [5fAkElti] n. 全體教員, （大學(xué)的）系, 科, （授予的）權(quán)力
credible [5kredEbl, -ibl] adj.可信的, 可靠的
toil [tCil] vi.苦干, 跋涉, 費(fèi)力地做
musty [5mQsti] adj. 發(fā)霉的,老朽的; 陳腐的
diminish [di5miniF] v.（使）減少, （使）變小
integrity [in5te^riti] n.正直, 誠實(shí), 完整, 完全, 完整性
expertise [eksp\:5ti:z] n.專門技能；專門知識
難句突破
1The Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）
主體句式：The Association…surveyed 132 universities and found that…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，主語是“Association of University Technology Managers”；兩個(gè)并列謂語surveyed和 found：“found”后面是賓語從句“they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998”：“a number”又是“$576 million”的同位語，“that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）”又是“a number”的定語從句。
句子譯文：大學(xué)科技經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專利稅中總共盈利5億7千600萬美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持急速增長的勢頭。
2.Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
主體句式：Will universities provide more support to researchers … than to scholars …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)簡單句。包含了比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)，working in profitable fields是分詞，做定語，修飾researchers；toiling in more musty areas也是現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，修飾scholars.
句子譯文：大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？
題目分析
1. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文中第一段提到，過去人們要掙大錢就不會(huì)去學(xué)術(shù)界，因?yàn)樗麄兊氖杖胫皇窃谄髽I(yè)工作的同行的一小部分。所以要賺錢去公司。
2. 答案是D，屬猜詞題。 文中第二段講到，現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的收入很可觀，而且具有很強(qiáng)的增長勢頭。一些學(xué)校已大膽地把發(fā)明賣給了公司。因?yàn)檫@種做法還沒有成為一種潮流。
3. 答案是D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段講到，哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行零售。它計(jì)劃超越典型的網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的“.edu”模式, 這說明傳統(tǒng)的特征是D選項(xiàng)。其它都是網(wǎng)站的新計(jì)劃。
4. 答案是B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段提到，很多人對這種利潤很滿意，另外一些人則對這種趨勢深感憂慮。他們擔(dān)憂的是，一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲益的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？所以B選項(xiàng)正確。其它都是對憂慮的錯(cuò)誤理解。
5. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文中第五段提到兩個(gè)人的話是，“如果存在我們可以通過努力掙錢這種觀念，大學(xué)的權(quán)威可能會(huì)降低,”和“我們在大學(xué)的廉正方面永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)妥協(xié)”。引用這兩個(gè)人的話是為了表明大學(xué)在為賺到錢而興奮的同時(shí)，背后也存在著問題—威信和清廉。
參考譯文
從未有人為快速致富進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界，教授們，特別是那些在醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的工作的教授，他們只能掙到在企業(yè)工作的同事收入的一小部分。但是，大量金錢現(xiàn)在開始流入大學(xué)這座象牙塔，因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)管理者開始意識到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力。研究機(jī)構(gòu)正在全力解決一系列的新問題。
利潤是相當(dāng)可觀的：大學(xué)科技經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專利稅中總共掙了5億7千600萬美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持快速增長。一些大學(xué)，如紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)已經(jīng)積極地向公司，特別是那些生產(chǎn)藥品和高科技公司，銷售他們的發(fā)明，。
現(xiàn)在哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行零售。它計(jì)劃超越典型的網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的“.edu”模式。取而代之的是，大學(xué)將在贏利網(wǎng)站上提供學(xué)校教員的專業(yè)技能，這種網(wǎng)站就像一個(gè)獨(dú)立的公司。管理者說，網(wǎng)站允許免費(fèi)訪問教育和研究內(nèi)容，以及已經(jīng)為哥倫比亞大學(xué)學(xué)生所利用的一些先進(jìn)的功能，諸如建筑物模型、法國教堂的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和有機(jī)化學(xué)變化的交互式3D模型。免費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁插入收費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁中，比如在線課題、研討會(huì)和相關(guān)書籍、磁帶。哥倫比亞大學(xué)執(zhí)行副教務(wù)長米切爾·克羅預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有數(shù)百萬人訪問這個(gè)新網(wǎng)站，包括退休人員和學(xué)生會(huì)為訪問教育資源付費(fèi)。主持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的安·克斯科娜說，“我們能提供給人們思考、寫作和研究的好內(nèi)容”。哥倫比亞大學(xué)也擔(dān)心不要被其他一些贏利的“知識網(wǎng)站”如About.com和Hungry Minds打敗?？肆_說：“如果他們抓住空子，他們會(huì)搶走我們好的教職人員”。
出售專利所得利潤通常是分給研究人員、系和大學(xué)，網(wǎng)站利潤也同樣分配。這樣一來，許多大學(xué)教員都很滿意，但是，另外一些人則對這種趨勢深感憂慮：一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲得的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？
“如果存在我們可以通過努力掙錢這種觀念，大學(xué)的權(quán)威可能會(huì)降低,”哥倫比亞教育學(xué)院的一位文化人類學(xué)教授擔(dān)心說。克斯克娜說：“我們在大學(xué)的清廉方面從未妥協(xié)”。這種新網(wǎng)站能否增加正在增長的專利收入還有待觀察，但是有一個(gè)事實(shí)是顯而易見的，它將利用大學(xué)里聰明的頭腦去尋求利益與清廉之間新的平衡。
The profits are impressive: the Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies.
Now Columbia is going retail——on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical "dot.edu" model, free sites listing courses and professors' research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines "millions of visitors" to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. "We can offer the best of what's thought and written and researched," says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for- profit "knowledge sites," such as About.com and Hungry Minds. "If they capture this space," says Crow, "they'll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty."
Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the university, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn't? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
"If there's the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished," worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia's education school. Says Kirschner: "We would never compromise the integrity of the university." Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It's going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.
注（1）：本文選自Newsweek，10/25/2004, p60-61, 2p, 3c
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對象 2002年真題Text 2
1.In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in__________.
[A] academia
[B] ivory tower
[C] company
[D] medical field
2.The word “aggressively”（Line4,paragraph 2）most probably means___________.
[A] harmfully
[B] carelessly
[C] desperately
[D] boldly
3.According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is__________.
[A] offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia's students
[B] free page will feed into profit-producing page
[C] providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site
[D] offering free sites listing courses and professors' research interests
4.Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some__________.
[A] worry that the professors are not reliable
[B] think this tendency may be terrible
[C] hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit
[D] show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area
5. The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show______.
[A] if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority
[B] the new site may not add to the growing profits
[C] there exist some problems behind the profit
[D] new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion
篇章剖析
本篇主要介紹了大學(xué)利用知識獲取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的情況，并說明了這種做法的利弊。第一段介紹大學(xué)開始意識到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力，金錢開始流入校園；第二段用數(shù)據(jù)表明大學(xué)的收入是相當(dāng)可觀的；第三段介紹哥倫比亞大學(xué)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)贏利的做法；第四段說明大學(xué)贏利的利弊。后一段大學(xué)正在尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與學(xué)術(shù)誠信的平衡。
詞匯注釋
grapple [5^rAp（E）l] vt. 抓牢，抓緊,與…扭打，與…格斗
academia [7AkE5di:mjE] n. 學(xué)術(shù)界, 學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境
potential [pE5tenF（E）l] n.潛能, 潛力
wrestle [5resl] vi. 摔跤, 格斗, 斗爭, 斟酌
royalty [5rCiElti] n.[常用復(fù)]王權(quán); 王國; 王的領(lǐng)土, 特許權(quán)使用費(fèi), 專利權(quán)使用費(fèi); 專利權(quán)稅
aggressive [E5^resiv] adj.好斗的, 敢作敢為的, 有闖勁的, 侵略性的
pharmaceutical [7fB:mE5sju:tikEl] adj.制藥（學(xué)）上的
simulation [7simju5leiFEn] n.仿真, 假裝, 模擬
interactive [7intEr5Aktiv] adj.交互式的
provost [prE5vEu] n. 教務(wù)長
faculty [5fAkElti] n. 全體教員, （大學(xué)的）系, 科, （授予的）權(quán)力
credible [5kredEbl, -ibl] adj.可信的, 可靠的
toil [tCil] vi.苦干, 跋涉, 費(fèi)力地做
musty [5mQsti] adj. 發(fā)霉的,老朽的; 陳腐的
diminish [di5miniF] v.（使）減少, （使）變小
integrity [in5te^riti] n.正直, 誠實(shí), 完整, 完全, 完整性
expertise [eksp\:5ti:z] n.專門技能；專門知識
難句突破
1The Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）
主體句式：The Association…surveyed 132 universities and found that…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)復(fù)雜句，主語是“Association of University Technology Managers”；兩個(gè)并列謂語surveyed和 found：“found”后面是賓語從句“they earned a combined $576 million from patent royalties in 1998”：“a number”又是“$576 million”的同位語，“that promises to keep rising dramatically （chart）”又是“a number”的定語從句。
句子譯文：大學(xué)科技經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專利稅中總共盈利5億7千600萬美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持急速增長的勢頭。
2.Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas?
主體句式：Will universities provide more support to researchers … than to scholars …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是個(gè)簡單句。包含了比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)，working in profitable fields是分詞，做定語，修飾researchers；toiling in more musty areas也是現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，修飾scholars.
句子譯文：大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？
題目分析
1. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文中第一段提到，過去人們要掙大錢就不會(huì)去學(xué)術(shù)界，因?yàn)樗麄兊氖杖胫皇窃谄髽I(yè)工作的同行的一小部分。所以要賺錢去公司。
2. 答案是D，屬猜詞題。 文中第二段講到，現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的收入很可觀，而且具有很強(qiáng)的增長勢頭。一些學(xué)校已大膽地把發(fā)明賣給了公司。因?yàn)檫@種做法還沒有成為一種潮流。
3. 答案是D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段講到，哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行零售。它計(jì)劃超越典型的網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的“.edu”模式, 這說明傳統(tǒng)的特征是D選項(xiàng)。其它都是網(wǎng)站的新計(jì)劃。
4. 答案是B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段提到，很多人對這種利潤很滿意，另外一些人則對這種趨勢深感憂慮。他們擔(dān)憂的是，一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲益的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？所以B選項(xiàng)正確。其它都是對憂慮的錯(cuò)誤理解。
5. 答案是C，屬推理判斷題。文中第五段提到兩個(gè)人的話是，“如果存在我們可以通過努力掙錢這種觀念，大學(xué)的權(quán)威可能會(huì)降低,”和“我們在大學(xué)的廉正方面永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)妥協(xié)”。引用這兩個(gè)人的話是為了表明大學(xué)在為賺到錢而興奮的同時(shí)，背后也存在著問題—威信和清廉。
參考譯文
從未有人為快速致富進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界，教授們，特別是那些在醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的工作的教授，他們只能掙到在企業(yè)工作的同事收入的一小部分。但是，大量金錢現(xiàn)在開始流入大學(xué)這座象牙塔，因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)管理者開始意識到學(xué)術(shù)研究的商業(yè)潛力。研究機(jī)構(gòu)正在全力解決一系列的新問題。
利潤是相當(dāng)可觀的：大學(xué)科技經(jīng)理人協(xié)會(huì)對132所大學(xué)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明在1998年他們從專利稅中總共掙了5億7千600萬美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字有望保持快速增長。一些大學(xué)，如紐約哥倫比亞大學(xué)已經(jīng)積極地向公司，特別是那些生產(chǎn)藥品和高科技公司，銷售他們的發(fā)明，。
現(xiàn)在哥倫比亞大學(xué)正在通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行零售。它計(jì)劃超越典型的網(wǎng)站免費(fèi)列出課程和教授們研究興趣的“.edu”模式。取而代之的是，大學(xué)將在贏利網(wǎng)站上提供學(xué)校教員的專業(yè)技能，這種網(wǎng)站就像一個(gè)獨(dú)立的公司。管理者說，網(wǎng)站允許免費(fèi)訪問教育和研究內(nèi)容，以及已經(jīng)為哥倫比亞大學(xué)學(xué)生所利用的一些先進(jìn)的功能，諸如建筑物模型、法國教堂的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和有機(jī)化學(xué)變化的交互式3D模型。免費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁插入收費(fèi)網(wǎng)頁中，比如在線課題、研討會(huì)和相關(guān)書籍、磁帶。哥倫比亞大學(xué)執(zhí)行副教務(wù)長米切爾·克羅預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有數(shù)百萬人訪問這個(gè)新網(wǎng)站，包括退休人員和學(xué)生會(huì)為訪問教育資源付費(fèi)。主持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的安·克斯科娜說，“我們能提供給人們思考、寫作和研究的好內(nèi)容”。哥倫比亞大學(xué)也擔(dān)心不要被其他一些贏利的“知識網(wǎng)站”如About.com和Hungry Minds打敗?？肆_說：“如果他們抓住空子，他們會(huì)搶走我們好的教職人員”。
出售專利所得利潤通常是分給研究人員、系和大學(xué)，網(wǎng)站利潤也同樣分配。這樣一來，許多大學(xué)教員都很滿意，但是，另外一些人則對這種趨勢深感憂慮：一位從自己研究中獲利的教授和不從研究中獲得的教授是否同樣可信呢？大學(xué)會(huì)為從事可贏利領(lǐng)域的研究者提供比從事冷門研究者更多支持嗎？
“如果存在我們可以通過努力掙錢這種觀念，大學(xué)的權(quán)威可能會(huì)降低,”哥倫比亞教育學(xué)院的一位文化人類學(xué)教授擔(dān)心說。克斯克娜說：“我們在大學(xué)的清廉方面從未妥協(xié)”。這種新網(wǎng)站能否增加正在增長的專利收入還有待觀察，但是有一個(gè)事實(shí)是顯而易見的，它將利用大學(xué)里聰明的頭腦去尋求利益與清廉之間新的平衡。