Unit 57
For 30 years, Smithsonian Institution archeologist Dennis Stanford searched in vain for the origins of the first Americans. Every textbook described how mammoth-hunters from Siberia had migrated across the Bering land bridge about 12,000 years ago and had slowly wandered south and east until they filled the New World. In each of their settlements, this theory held, the original Americans left their calling cards: distinctively shaped spear points named after the site in Clovis, N.M., where the stone tips were first unearthed. If this account was right, Stanford reasoned, then Siberia should be littered with similar points. But not a single Clovis point has turned up in Siberia. And now Stanford has a radical new proposal to explain why. Clovis people, he thinks, came from Europe——arriving 15,000 years before Columbus, and by boat. "They were from Iberia, not Siberia," Stanford told startled colleagues at an archeology conference last month.
Debate over a European connection has dogged anthropology in recent months, though until now no one of Stanford's stature had stated it so un-equivocally and publicly. But the similarities between the oddly shaped stone points of Clovis and the European culture called Solutrean strongly suggest this conclusion, say Stanford and colleague Bruce Bradley. Moreover, tools recently found beneath Clovis-era layers at a dig in Cactus Hill, Va.——about where European itinerants could have first landed——also resemble Solutrean artifacts. The Solutrean theory poses similar questions to those raised by Kennewick Man, the 8,400-year-old skeleton found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist. A new federal study to help determine whether K-Man's remains should be turned over to local tribes just concluded that the body looked more Asian than European, though not Siberian. But it didn't match any modern Indian tribe, a finding that Indians see as the latest scheme to deny tribes the right to repatriate and rebury such remains.
Native Americans aren't the only ones dismayed by the Euro theory. Solutrean expert Lawrence Straus, an anthropology professor at the University of New Mexico, dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently. "This is a classic case of convergence," says Straus. "And it's not even a tricky case." Moreover, Solutrean culture ended 17,000 years ago, at least 5,000 years before the first evidence of Clovis culture. And there is no evidence that Solutreans had the requisite boats to paddle across the North Atlantic.
Many scientists grumble that Stanford should publish his findings in peer-reviewed journals be-fore talking in public. Stanford promises to publish soon, but in the meantime, he says, "I'm trying to get people to think more broadly." No argument there.
注（1）：本文選自Newsweek; 11/15/99, p71；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2004年真題Text 4
1.What does Stanford think of the origins of the first Americans?
[A]He thinks that the first Americans came from Clovis, N.M.
[B]He agrees with the common idea that the first Americans came from Siberia.
[C]He thinks that the first Americans came from Europe.
[D]He thinks that it was people from Iberia who first invented the boat and came to America.
2.We can learn from the text that Indian tribes regard the results of the federal study as _______.
[A]a tricky scheme
[B]convincing enough
[C]a cute trap
[D]unreasonable
3. The views of Lawrence Straus and Stanford are _________.
[A]identical
[B]similar
[C]complementary
[D]opposite
4.According to Lawrence Straus, the spear points __________.
[A]show the products makers came from the same culture
[B]do not show any connection between the two cultures
[C]are not the products of the different inhabitants
[D]show the resemblance of the two different cultures
5.Which of the following statement is true?
[A]K-Man's remains helped to certify Stanford's assertion.
[B]The first Americans came from Europe by boat.
[C]Anthropologists fail to make such a certain statement as Stanford.
[D]It was the Indian tribes' rights to rebury the K-Man's remains.
答案：CADBC
篇章剖析
本文結(jié)合古時(shí)候遺留下來(lái)的矛形刀頭，就美國(guó)人最早起源問題展開了論述。第一段指出考古學(xué)家史丹福對(duì)美國(guó)人起源問題的新發(fā)現(xiàn)；第二段指出史丹福和他的同事的具體看法；第三段指出梭魯特文化研究專家的不同看法；第四段指出史丹福對(duì)同行的抱怨做出的解釋。
詞匯注釋
rage[reIdV]vi.大怒, 狂吹, 風(fēng)行,大流行
sift through v.被篩下, 通過
spear point矛型刀頭
shibboleth[5FIbEleW]n.口令
Smithsonian Institution 史密森學(xué)會(huì)
archeologist[9B:kI`ClEdVIst]n.考古學(xué)家
in vain adv.徒然
mammoth[ `mAmEW ]n.[古生]猛犸, 毛象, 龐然大物
migrate[maI5^reIt; （?@） 5maIgreIt]vi.移動(dòng), 移往, 移植, 隨季節(jié)而移居, （鳥類的）遷徙
unearth[Qn5\:W]v.掘出
radical[5rAdIk（E）l]adj.根本的, 基本的, 激進(jìn)的
Iberia[aI`bIErIE]n.古西班牙, 伊比利亞
dog[dR^; （?@） dC:^]vt.跟蹤, 尾隨；困饒，折磨
stature[5stAtjE（r）] n.身高, 身材, （精神、道德等的）高度
Solutrean[ sE`ljU:trIEn ]adj.梭魯特期的,梭魯特文化的
VA abbr. Virginia. 弗吉尼亞
itinerant[aI5tInErEnt]n.巡回者
artifact[5B:tIfAkt]n.人造物品
repatriate[ri:`pAtrIeIt,-`peI-]v.遣返
dismiss sth as sth 對(duì)某事物不予理會(huì)或不屑一提
convergence[ kEn`v\:dVEns ]n.集中, 收斂
requisite[5rekwIzIt]adj.需要的, 必不可少的, 必備的
paddle[5pAd（E）l]vi.劃槳, 戲水, 涉水
grumble[5^rQmb（E）l]vi.抱怨, 發(fā)牢騷, 咕噥, 嘟囔, 隆隆響
難句突破
The Solutrean theory poses similar questions to those raised by Kennewick Man, the 8,400-year-old skeleton found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist.
主體句式：The theory poses similar questions to those …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是“the Solutrean theory”，謂語(yǔ)是“poses”，賓語(yǔ)是“questions”；在這里需要注意一個(gè)詞組“similar to”，意思是“與…相似，類似”：“those”后省去了“questions that were”：“8,400-year-old skeleton”是“Kennewick Man”的同位語(yǔ)：“found”和“called”都是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，前面省去了“which was”; “found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist”做定語(yǔ)共同來(lái)修飾“skeleton”。
句子譯文：梭魯特學(xué)說提出的問題同肯納威克人引發(fā)的問題近似?？霞{威克人是1996年在華盛頓州發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有8，400年歷史的人類遺骨，一位人類學(xué)家最先稱之為歐洲人。
題目分析
1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文中“If this account was right, Stanford reasoned, then Siberia should be littered with similar points. But not a single Clovis point has turned up in Siberia.”我們可看出史丹福并不贊同教科書里對(duì)美國(guó)人最早起源的描寫；原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Clovis people, he thinks, came from Europe”。
2.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“a finding that Indians see as the latest scheme to deny tribes the right to repatriate and rebury such remains”。印第安人認(rèn)為這是剝奪他們要回并重新埋葬遺骨的權(quán)利而耍弄的詭計(jì)。
3.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Solutrean expert Lawrence Straus, an anthropology professor at the University of New Mexico, dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently.”勞倫斯·史特勞斯認(rèn)為這只是兩種文化獨(dú)立發(fā)展達(dá)到近似想法的一個(gè)實(shí)例，它們之間并沒有任何聯(lián)系。這種觀點(diǎn)同史丹福的觀點(diǎn)是完全相反的。
4.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“… dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently.”可參考試題三的分析。
5.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Debate over a European connection has dogged anthropology in recent months, though until now no one of Stanford's stature had stated it so un-equivocally and publicly.”，雖然最近幾個(gè)月來(lái)人類學(xué)研究一直沒有停止?fàn)幷撏瑲W洲之間的關(guān)系，但是到現(xiàn)在為止，還沒有人能達(dá)到史丹福的思想高度來(lái)如此清楚、公開地闡述這一論點(diǎn)。
參考譯文
三十年來(lái)，“史密森學(xué)會(huì)”的考古學(xué)家丹尼斯·史丹福一直尋找美國(guó)人的最早起源，結(jié)果都是一無(wú)所獲。所有的教科書記述的都是猛犸獵人在大約12，000年以前如何從西伯利亞越過白令陸橋一路遷徙，緩慢而無(wú)目的地朝南、朝東行進(jìn)，最終占據(jù)了這塊新大陸。這種學(xué)說認(rèn)為，在每一塊居住地，這些早期的美國(guó)人都留下了他們的“名片”：以新墨西哥州的克洛維斯地名來(lái)命名的形狀特殊的矛型刀頭。這些石尖就是在這里被挖掘出來(lái)的。史丹福是這樣推理的：如果這種解釋正確的話，那么在西伯利亞也應(yīng)該留有同樣的尖頭。但是在西伯利亞連一塊克洛維斯尖頭都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)。史丹福現(xiàn)在提出了一個(gè)全新的建議來(lái)解釋其原因。他認(rèn)為克洛維斯人來(lái)自歐洲——他們比哥倫布早15，000年到達(dá)這里，而且他們是乘船來(lái)的?！八麄儊?lái)自伊比利亞，而不是西伯利亞?！痹谏蟼€(gè)月的考古學(xué)大會(huì)上史丹福是這樣告訴他吃驚的同行的。
雖然最近幾個(gè)月來(lái)人類學(xué)研究一直沒有停止?fàn)幷撏瑲W洲之間的關(guān)系，但是到現(xiàn)在為止，還沒有人能達(dá)到史丹福的思想高度來(lái)如此清楚、公開地闡述這一論點(diǎn)。但是這種奇形怪狀的克洛維斯石尖同被稱為梭魯特文化的歐洲文化之間的相似點(diǎn)有力地說明了這一結(jié)論，史丹福和他的同事布魯斯·布萊德利是這樣認(rèn)為的。而且，最近在弗吉尼亞的仙人掌山——這里可能是那群流動(dòng)的歐洲人最先登陸的地方——克洛維斯紀(jì)元層下面發(fā)現(xiàn)的用具也同梭魯特時(shí)期的制造物相類似。梭魯特學(xué)說提出的問題同肯納威克人引發(fā)的問題近似?？霞{威克人是1996年在華盛頓州發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有8，400年歷史的人類遺骨，一位人類學(xué)家最先稱之為歐洲人。一項(xiàng)新的幫助決定是否應(yīng)該把肯納威克人遺骨交還給當(dāng)?shù)夭柯涞穆?lián)邦研究剛剛才得出以下結(jié)論：盡管遺骨也不是西伯利亞人,但是它看起來(lái)更像亞洲人，而不是歐洲人。它和任何一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的印第安人部族都不相符。印第安人把這一發(fā)現(xiàn)看作是想要?jiǎng)儕Z部落要回并重新安葬遺骨的權(quán)利而玩弄的最新伎倆。
并不單單只是印第安人對(duì)這一歐洲學(xué)說感到沮喪。梭魯特文化研究專家勞倫斯·史特勞斯是新墨西哥大學(xué)的人類學(xué)教授。他對(duì)矛型刀頭之間存在的相似之處不予理會(huì)，認(rèn)為這只是兩種文化獨(dú)立發(fā)展達(dá)到近似想法的一個(gè)實(shí)例?！斑@是一個(gè)典型的趨同現(xiàn)象，”史特勞斯說，“這個(gè)事例不算棘手?！倍遥篝斕匚幕?7，000年前結(jié)束，至少在能證明克洛維斯文化出現(xiàn)前5，000年就已結(jié)束了。并且也沒有證據(jù)顯示梭魯特人擁有必備的船只可以劃過北大西洋。
很多科學(xué)家都抱怨說史丹福應(yīng)該把他的研究成果先在供同行評(píng)閱的刊物上登載，然后再公之于眾。史丹福答應(yīng)很快就會(huì)發(fā)表，但同時(shí)他是這樣說的：“我想讓人們思路更開闊些?！边@點(diǎn)是不可爭(zhēng)辯的。
For 30 years, Smithsonian Institution archeologist Dennis Stanford searched in vain for the origins of the first Americans. Every textbook described how mammoth-hunters from Siberia had migrated across the Bering land bridge about 12,000 years ago and had slowly wandered south and east until they filled the New World. In each of their settlements, this theory held, the original Americans left their calling cards: distinctively shaped spear points named after the site in Clovis, N.M., where the stone tips were first unearthed. If this account was right, Stanford reasoned, then Siberia should be littered with similar points. But not a single Clovis point has turned up in Siberia. And now Stanford has a radical new proposal to explain why. Clovis people, he thinks, came from Europe——arriving 15,000 years before Columbus, and by boat. "They were from Iberia, not Siberia," Stanford told startled colleagues at an archeology conference last month.
Debate over a European connection has dogged anthropology in recent months, though until now no one of Stanford's stature had stated it so un-equivocally and publicly. But the similarities between the oddly shaped stone points of Clovis and the European culture called Solutrean strongly suggest this conclusion, say Stanford and colleague Bruce Bradley. Moreover, tools recently found beneath Clovis-era layers at a dig in Cactus Hill, Va.——about where European itinerants could have first landed——also resemble Solutrean artifacts. The Solutrean theory poses similar questions to those raised by Kennewick Man, the 8,400-year-old skeleton found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist. A new federal study to help determine whether K-Man's remains should be turned over to local tribes just concluded that the body looked more Asian than European, though not Siberian. But it didn't match any modern Indian tribe, a finding that Indians see as the latest scheme to deny tribes the right to repatriate and rebury such remains.
Native Americans aren't the only ones dismayed by the Euro theory. Solutrean expert Lawrence Straus, an anthropology professor at the University of New Mexico, dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently. "This is a classic case of convergence," says Straus. "And it's not even a tricky case." Moreover, Solutrean culture ended 17,000 years ago, at least 5,000 years before the first evidence of Clovis culture. And there is no evidence that Solutreans had the requisite boats to paddle across the North Atlantic.
Many scientists grumble that Stanford should publish his findings in peer-reviewed journals be-fore talking in public. Stanford promises to publish soon, but in the meantime, he says, "I'm trying to get people to think more broadly." No argument there.
注（1）：本文選自Newsweek; 11/15/99, p71；
注（2）：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2004年真題Text 4
1.What does Stanford think of the origins of the first Americans?
[A]He thinks that the first Americans came from Clovis, N.M.
[B]He agrees with the common idea that the first Americans came from Siberia.
[C]He thinks that the first Americans came from Europe.
[D]He thinks that it was people from Iberia who first invented the boat and came to America.
2.We can learn from the text that Indian tribes regard the results of the federal study as _______.
[A]a tricky scheme
[B]convincing enough
[C]a cute trap
[D]unreasonable
3. The views of Lawrence Straus and Stanford are _________.
[A]identical
[B]similar
[C]complementary
[D]opposite
4.According to Lawrence Straus, the spear points __________.
[A]show the products makers came from the same culture
[B]do not show any connection between the two cultures
[C]are not the products of the different inhabitants
[D]show the resemblance of the two different cultures
5.Which of the following statement is true?
[A]K-Man's remains helped to certify Stanford's assertion.
[B]The first Americans came from Europe by boat.
[C]Anthropologists fail to make such a certain statement as Stanford.
[D]It was the Indian tribes' rights to rebury the K-Man's remains.
答案：CADBC
篇章剖析
本文結(jié)合古時(shí)候遺留下來(lái)的矛形刀頭，就美國(guó)人最早起源問題展開了論述。第一段指出考古學(xué)家史丹福對(duì)美國(guó)人起源問題的新發(fā)現(xiàn)；第二段指出史丹福和他的同事的具體看法；第三段指出梭魯特文化研究專家的不同看法；第四段指出史丹福對(duì)同行的抱怨做出的解釋。
詞匯注釋
rage[reIdV]vi.大怒, 狂吹, 風(fēng)行,大流行
sift through v.被篩下, 通過
spear point矛型刀頭
shibboleth[5FIbEleW]n.口令
Smithsonian Institution 史密森學(xué)會(huì)
archeologist[9B:kI`ClEdVIst]n.考古學(xué)家
in vain adv.徒然
mammoth[ `mAmEW ]n.[古生]猛犸, 毛象, 龐然大物
migrate[maI5^reIt; （?@） 5maIgreIt]vi.移動(dòng), 移往, 移植, 隨季節(jié)而移居, （鳥類的）遷徙
unearth[Qn5\:W]v.掘出
radical[5rAdIk（E）l]adj.根本的, 基本的, 激進(jìn)的
Iberia[aI`bIErIE]n.古西班牙, 伊比利亞
dog[dR^; （?@） dC:^]vt.跟蹤, 尾隨；困饒，折磨
stature[5stAtjE（r）] n.身高, 身材, （精神、道德等的）高度
Solutrean[ sE`ljU:trIEn ]adj.梭魯特期的,梭魯特文化的
VA abbr. Virginia. 弗吉尼亞
itinerant[aI5tInErEnt]n.巡回者
artifact[5B:tIfAkt]n.人造物品
repatriate[ri:`pAtrIeIt,-`peI-]v.遣返
dismiss sth as sth 對(duì)某事物不予理會(huì)或不屑一提
convergence[ kEn`v\:dVEns ]n.集中, 收斂
requisite[5rekwIzIt]adj.需要的, 必不可少的, 必備的
paddle[5pAd（E）l]vi.劃槳, 戲水, 涉水
grumble[5^rQmb（E）l]vi.抱怨, 發(fā)牢騷, 咕噥, 嘟囔, 隆隆響
難句突破
The Solutrean theory poses similar questions to those raised by Kennewick Man, the 8,400-year-old skeleton found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist.
主體句式：The theory poses similar questions to those …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是“the Solutrean theory”，謂語(yǔ)是“poses”，賓語(yǔ)是“questions”；在這里需要注意一個(gè)詞組“similar to”，意思是“與…相似，類似”：“those”后省去了“questions that were”：“8,400-year-old skeleton”是“Kennewick Man”的同位語(yǔ)：“found”和“called”都是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，前面省去了“which was”; “found in Washington state in 1996 and initially called European by an anthropologist”做定語(yǔ)共同來(lái)修飾“skeleton”。
句子譯文：梭魯特學(xué)說提出的問題同肯納威克人引發(fā)的問題近似?？霞{威克人是1996年在華盛頓州發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有8，400年歷史的人類遺骨，一位人類學(xué)家最先稱之為歐洲人。
題目分析
1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文中“If this account was right, Stanford reasoned, then Siberia should be littered with similar points. But not a single Clovis point has turned up in Siberia.”我們可看出史丹福并不贊同教科書里對(duì)美國(guó)人最早起源的描寫；原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Clovis people, he thinks, came from Europe”。
2.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“a finding that Indians see as the latest scheme to deny tribes the right to repatriate and rebury such remains”。印第安人認(rèn)為這是剝奪他們要回并重新埋葬遺骨的權(quán)利而耍弄的詭計(jì)。
3.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Solutrean expert Lawrence Straus, an anthropology professor at the University of New Mexico, dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently.”勞倫斯·史特勞斯認(rèn)為這只是兩種文化獨(dú)立發(fā)展達(dá)到近似想法的一個(gè)實(shí)例，它們之間并沒有任何聯(lián)系。這種觀點(diǎn)同史丹福的觀點(diǎn)是完全相反的。
4.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“… dismisses the resemblance between the spear points as an instance of two cultures' arriving at a similar idea independently.”可參考試題三的分析。
5.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“Debate over a European connection has dogged anthropology in recent months, though until now no one of Stanford's stature had stated it so un-equivocally and publicly.”，雖然最近幾個(gè)月來(lái)人類學(xué)研究一直沒有停止?fàn)幷撏瑲W洲之間的關(guān)系，但是到現(xiàn)在為止，還沒有人能達(dá)到史丹福的思想高度來(lái)如此清楚、公開地闡述這一論點(diǎn)。
參考譯文
三十年來(lái)，“史密森學(xué)會(huì)”的考古學(xué)家丹尼斯·史丹福一直尋找美國(guó)人的最早起源，結(jié)果都是一無(wú)所獲。所有的教科書記述的都是猛犸獵人在大約12，000年以前如何從西伯利亞越過白令陸橋一路遷徙，緩慢而無(wú)目的地朝南、朝東行進(jìn)，最終占據(jù)了這塊新大陸。這種學(xué)說認(rèn)為，在每一塊居住地，這些早期的美國(guó)人都留下了他們的“名片”：以新墨西哥州的克洛維斯地名來(lái)命名的形狀特殊的矛型刀頭。這些石尖就是在這里被挖掘出來(lái)的。史丹福是這樣推理的：如果這種解釋正確的話，那么在西伯利亞也應(yīng)該留有同樣的尖頭。但是在西伯利亞連一塊克洛維斯尖頭都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)。史丹福現(xiàn)在提出了一個(gè)全新的建議來(lái)解釋其原因。他認(rèn)為克洛維斯人來(lái)自歐洲——他們比哥倫布早15，000年到達(dá)這里，而且他們是乘船來(lái)的?！八麄儊?lái)自伊比利亞，而不是西伯利亞?！痹谏蟼€(gè)月的考古學(xué)大會(huì)上史丹福是這樣告訴他吃驚的同行的。
雖然最近幾個(gè)月來(lái)人類學(xué)研究一直沒有停止?fàn)幷撏瑲W洲之間的關(guān)系，但是到現(xiàn)在為止，還沒有人能達(dá)到史丹福的思想高度來(lái)如此清楚、公開地闡述這一論點(diǎn)。但是這種奇形怪狀的克洛維斯石尖同被稱為梭魯特文化的歐洲文化之間的相似點(diǎn)有力地說明了這一結(jié)論，史丹福和他的同事布魯斯·布萊德利是這樣認(rèn)為的。而且，最近在弗吉尼亞的仙人掌山——這里可能是那群流動(dòng)的歐洲人最先登陸的地方——克洛維斯紀(jì)元層下面發(fā)現(xiàn)的用具也同梭魯特時(shí)期的制造物相類似。梭魯特學(xué)說提出的問題同肯納威克人引發(fā)的問題近似?？霞{威克人是1996年在華盛頓州發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有8，400年歷史的人類遺骨，一位人類學(xué)家最先稱之為歐洲人。一項(xiàng)新的幫助決定是否應(yīng)該把肯納威克人遺骨交還給當(dāng)?shù)夭柯涞穆?lián)邦研究剛剛才得出以下結(jié)論：盡管遺骨也不是西伯利亞人,但是它看起來(lái)更像亞洲人，而不是歐洲人。它和任何一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的印第安人部族都不相符。印第安人把這一發(fā)現(xiàn)看作是想要?jiǎng)儕Z部落要回并重新安葬遺骨的權(quán)利而玩弄的最新伎倆。
并不單單只是印第安人對(duì)這一歐洲學(xué)說感到沮喪。梭魯特文化研究專家勞倫斯·史特勞斯是新墨西哥大學(xué)的人類學(xué)教授。他對(duì)矛型刀頭之間存在的相似之處不予理會(huì)，認(rèn)為這只是兩種文化獨(dú)立發(fā)展達(dá)到近似想法的一個(gè)實(shí)例?！斑@是一個(gè)典型的趨同現(xiàn)象，”史特勞斯說，“這個(gè)事例不算棘手?！倍遥篝斕匚幕?7，000年前結(jié)束，至少在能證明克洛維斯文化出現(xiàn)前5，000年就已結(jié)束了。并且也沒有證據(jù)顯示梭魯特人擁有必備的船只可以劃過北大西洋。
很多科學(xué)家都抱怨說史丹福應(yīng)該把他的研究成果先在供同行評(píng)閱的刊物上登載，然后再公之于眾。史丹福答應(yīng)很快就會(huì)發(fā)表，但同時(shí)他是這樣說的：“我想讓人們思路更開闊些?！边@點(diǎn)是不可爭(zhēng)辯的。