10. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底)way about moral problems.
「譯文」 我會(huì)把他定義為一個(gè)對(duì)道德問(wèn)題進(jìn)行蘇格拉底式思考并將此作為自己人生首要責(zé)任和快樂(lè)的人。
「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單:I shall define him as an individual.但是注意修飾an individual的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其賓語(yǔ)是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)(as his primary duty and pleasure in life)作其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 define在句中的含義為“定義;解釋”。define sth. as sth.是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.(漢語(yǔ)中的“緣分”通常是表示兩個(gè)人之間的“凝聚力”。)Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.(職業(yè)壓力可以定義為人們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)所遇到的有害的身體和情感反應(yīng)。)
elect意為“選舉”,但還可以表示“選擇;決定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.(她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。)有時(shí)可以把elect譯成“當(dāng)作”,或根據(jù)句意不一定直譯。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
「譯文」 他的職責(zé)與法官相似,必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任:用盡可能明了的方式來(lái)展示自己做出決定的推理過(guò)程。
「析句」 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge,后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾a judge,說(shuō)明法官的職責(zé)是什么。注意revealing的賓語(yǔ)是the course of reasoning(推理的過(guò)程),which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定語(yǔ),而in as obvious a matter是作狀語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 obligation意為“職責(zé),義務(wù)”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.(在一樁婚姻中,丈夫與妻子的關(guān)系是相互平等,相互依賴(lài),彼此都應(yīng)盡其責(zé)任。)
course在句中表示“過(guò)程”。
in an obvious matter是個(gè)不太常見(jiàn)的詞組,意為“明顯地,顯然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.(他們顯然不能假裝一無(wú)所知。)
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
「譯文」 我之所以把他排除在外,是因?yàn)楸M管他的成果可能會(huì)有助于解決道德問(wèn)題,但他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過(guò)是研究這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)層面。
「析句」 主句是I have excluded him,而because所引導(dǎo)的從句又包含一個(gè)主從結(jié)構(gòu),其主句是he has not been charged… those problems,從句是while his accomplishments… moral problems.the task of approaching any實(shí)際表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems,即他所承擔(dān)的任務(wù)不是解決任何道德問(wèn)題,而是處理(研究)這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)層面。
「講詞」 to be charged with意為“被控”或“承擔(dān),負(fù)責(zé)”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.(他被控向聯(lián)邦官員撒謊。)He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.(他負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)所有新建的公共建筑。)
approach作動(dòng)詞意為“接近;處理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.(檀香山的政府官員知道災(zāi)難即將到來(lái)。)How should I approach the issue and solve it?(我該怎么處理并解決這一問(wèn)題呢?)
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
「譯文」 但是,他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動(dòng)的道德規(guī)范,就如同不能指望商人專(zhuān)注于探索行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)比較句,主句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是his primary task is not to think about the moral code,定語(yǔ)從句(which governs his activity)修飾the moral code.理解和翻譯此句的關(guān)鍵是理解詞組any more than.
「講詞」 code有“編碼;準(zhǔn)則”的意思。the moral code(道德規(guī)范),the code of conduct(行為準(zhǔn)則)。The moral code is simple,as it involves one's morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.(道德規(guī)范是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題,因?yàn)樗婕耙粋€(gè)人的道德或?qū)e人道德的判斷。)
any more than意為“較……多些”,not any more than“不比……多些”。I don't like the guy any more than you do.(我并不比你更喜歡那個(gè)家伙。)There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.(沒(méi)有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)教授,也沒(méi)有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生。)
14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
「譯文」 他們可以教得更好,而且不僅僅是為了掙薪水,但他們大多數(shù)人卻很少或沒(méi)有對(duì)需要進(jìn)行道德判斷的人的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)分句(They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,第二個(gè)分句較難之處是human problems跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(which involve moral judgment)。
「講詞」 more than意為“超過(guò)”,視具體情況也可譯為“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考,反省”的意思。independent reflection就是 independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.(做出這一選擇并沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)充分的思考。)The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.(這本書(shū)是他對(duì)自己在西藏的經(jīng)歷所作的反思。)
「譯文」 我會(huì)把他定義為一個(gè)對(duì)道德問(wèn)題進(jìn)行蘇格拉底式思考并將此作為自己人生首要責(zé)任和快樂(lè)的人。
「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單:I shall define him as an individual.但是注意修飾an individual的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其賓語(yǔ)是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)(as his primary duty and pleasure in life)作其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 define在句中的含義為“定義;解釋”。define sth. as sth.是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.(漢語(yǔ)中的“緣分”通常是表示兩個(gè)人之間的“凝聚力”。)Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.(職業(yè)壓力可以定義為人們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)所遇到的有害的身體和情感反應(yīng)。)
elect意為“選舉”,但還可以表示“選擇;決定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.(她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。)有時(shí)可以把elect譯成“當(dāng)作”,或根據(jù)句意不一定直譯。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
「譯文」 他的職責(zé)與法官相似,必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任:用盡可能明了的方式來(lái)展示自己做出決定的推理過(guò)程。
「析句」 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge,后面是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾a judge,說(shuō)明法官的職責(zé)是什么。注意revealing的賓語(yǔ)是the course of reasoning(推理的過(guò)程),which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定語(yǔ),而in as obvious a matter是作狀語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 obligation意為“職責(zé),義務(wù)”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.(在一樁婚姻中,丈夫與妻子的關(guān)系是相互平等,相互依賴(lài),彼此都應(yīng)盡其責(zé)任。)
course在句中表示“過(guò)程”。
in an obvious matter是個(gè)不太常見(jiàn)的詞組,意為“明顯地,顯然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.(他們顯然不能假裝一無(wú)所知。)
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
「譯文」 我之所以把他排除在外,是因?yàn)楸M管他的成果可能會(huì)有助于解決道德問(wèn)題,但他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過(guò)是研究這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)層面。
「析句」 主句是I have excluded him,而because所引導(dǎo)的從句又包含一個(gè)主從結(jié)構(gòu),其主句是he has not been charged… those problems,從句是while his accomplishments… moral problems.the task of approaching any實(shí)際表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems,即他所承擔(dān)的任務(wù)不是解決任何道德問(wèn)題,而是處理(研究)這些問(wèn)題的事實(shí)層面。
「講詞」 to be charged with意為“被控”或“承擔(dān),負(fù)責(zé)”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.(他被控向聯(lián)邦官員撒謊。)He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.(他負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)所有新建的公共建筑。)
approach作動(dòng)詞意為“接近;處理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.(檀香山的政府官員知道災(zāi)難即將到來(lái)。)How should I approach the issue and solve it?(我該怎么處理并解決這一問(wèn)題呢?)
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
「譯文」 但是,他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動(dòng)的道德規(guī)范,就如同不能指望商人專(zhuān)注于探索行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)比較句,主句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是his primary task is not to think about the moral code,定語(yǔ)從句(which governs his activity)修飾the moral code.理解和翻譯此句的關(guān)鍵是理解詞組any more than.
「講詞」 code有“編碼;準(zhǔn)則”的意思。the moral code(道德規(guī)范),the code of conduct(行為準(zhǔn)則)。The moral code is simple,as it involves one's morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.(道德規(guī)范是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題,因?yàn)樗婕耙粋€(gè)人的道德或?qū)e人道德的判斷。)
any more than意為“較……多些”,not any more than“不比……多些”。I don't like the guy any more than you do.(我并不比你更喜歡那個(gè)家伙。)There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.(沒(méi)有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)教授,也沒(méi)有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生。)
14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
「譯文」 他們可以教得更好,而且不僅僅是為了掙薪水,但他們大多數(shù)人卻很少或沒(méi)有對(duì)需要進(jìn)行道德判斷的人的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折復(fù)合句。第一個(gè)分句(They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,第二個(gè)分句較難之處是human problems跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(which involve moral judgment)。
「講詞」 more than意為“超過(guò)”,視具體情況也可譯為“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考,反省”的意思。independent reflection就是 independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.(做出這一選擇并沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)充分的思考。)The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.(這本書(shū)是他對(duì)自己在西藏的經(jīng)歷所作的反思。)