10. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（蘇格拉底）way about moral problems.
「譯文」 我會把他定義為一個對道德問題進行蘇格拉底式思考并將此作為自己人生首要責(zé)任和快樂的人。
「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單：I shall define him as an individual.但是注意修飾an individual的是一個定語從句，其賓語是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)（as his primary duty and pleasure in life）作其補語。
「講詞」 define在句中的含義為“定義；解釋”。define sth. as sth.是一個常見的結(jié)構(gòu)。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.（漢語中的“緣分”通常是表示兩個人之間的“凝聚力”。）Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.（職業(yè)壓力可以定義為人們在工作時所遇到的有害的身體和情感反應(yīng)。）
elect意為“選舉”，但還可以表示“選擇；決定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.（她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。）有時可以把elect譯成“當(dāng)作”，或根據(jù)句意不一定直譯。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
「譯文」 他的職責(zé)與法官相似，必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任：用盡可能明了的方式來展示自己做出決定的推理過程。
「析句」 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，后面是一個定語從句，修飾a judge，說明法官的職責(zé)是什么。注意revealing的賓語是the course of reasoning（推理的過程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定語，而in as obvious a matter是作狀語。
「講詞」 obligation意為“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.（在一樁婚姻中，丈夫與妻子的關(guān)系是相互平等，相互依賴，彼此都應(yīng)盡其責(zé)任。）
course在句中表示“過程”。
in an obvious matter是個不太常見的詞組，意為“明顯地，顯然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.（他們顯然不能假裝一無所知。）
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
「譯文」 我之所以把他排除在外，是因為盡管他的成果可能會有助于解決道德問題，但他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過是研究這些問題的事實層面。
「析句」 主句是I have excluded him，而because所引導(dǎo)的從句又包含一個主從結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句是he has not been charged… those problems，從句是while his accomplishments… moral problems.the task of approaching any實際表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承擔(dān)的任務(wù)不是解決任何道德問題，而是處理（研究）這些問題的事實層面。
「講詞」 to be charged with意為“被控”或“承擔(dān)，負責(zé)”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.（他被控向聯(lián)邦官員撒謊。）He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.（他負責(zé)設(shè)計所有新建的公共建筑。）
approach作動詞意為“接近；處理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.（檀香山的政府官員知道災(zāi)難即將到來。）How should I approach the issue and solve it?（我該怎么處理并解決這一問題呢？）
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
「譯文」 但是，他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動的道德規(guī)范，就如同不能指望商人專注于探索行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。
「析句」 這是一個比較句，主句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是his primary task is not to think about the moral code，定語從句（which governs his activity）修飾the moral code.理解和翻譯此句的關(guān)鍵是理解詞組any more than.
「講詞」 code有“編碼；準則”的意思。the moral code（道德規(guī)范），the code of conduct（行為準則）。The moral code is simple,as it involves one's morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.（道德規(guī)范是個簡單的問題，因為它涉及一個人的道德或?qū)e人道德的判斷。）
any more than意為“較……多些”，not any more than“不比……多些”。I don't like the guy any more than you do.（我并不比你更喜歡那個家伙。）There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.（沒有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)教授，也沒有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生。）
14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
「譯文」 他們可以教得更好，而且不僅僅是為了掙薪水，但他們大多數(shù)人卻很少或沒有對需要進行道德判斷的人的問題進行獨立思考。
「析句」 本句是一個轉(zhuǎn)折復(fù)合句。第一個分句（They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries）相對簡單，第二個分句較難之處是human problems跟了一個定語從句（which involve moral judgment）。
「講詞」 more than意為“超過”，視具體情況也可譯為“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考，反省”的意思。independent reflection就是 independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.（做出這一選擇并沒有經(jīng)過充分的思考。）The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.（這本書是他對自己在西藏的經(jīng)歷所作的反思。）
「譯文」 我會把他定義為一個對道德問題進行蘇格拉底式思考并將此作為自己人生首要責(zé)任和快樂的人。
「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單：I shall define him as an individual.但是注意修飾an individual的是一個定語從句，其賓語是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,介詞結(jié)構(gòu)（as his primary duty and pleasure in life）作其補語。
「講詞」 define在句中的含義為“定義；解釋”。define sth. as sth.是一個常見的結(jié)構(gòu)。The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage can be defined as the “binding force” that links two persons together in any relationship.（漢語中的“緣分”通常是表示兩個人之間的“凝聚力”。）Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.（職業(yè)壓力可以定義為人們在工作時所遇到的有害的身體和情感反應(yīng)。）
elect意為“選舉”，但還可以表示“選擇；決定”。She elected to return to work after her baby was born.（她決定孩子出生后再去做工作。）有時可以把elect譯成“當(dāng)作”，或根據(jù)句意不一定直譯。
11. His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
「譯文」 他的職責(zé)與法官相似，必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任：用盡可能明了的方式來展示自己做出決定的推理過程。
「析句」 句子的主干是His function is analogous to that of a judge，后面是一個定語從句，修飾a judge，說明法官的職責(zé)是什么。注意revealing的賓語是the course of reasoning（推理的過程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定語，而in as obvious a matter是作狀語。
「講詞」 obligation意為“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”。Then in the marriage union,the independence of the husband and wife will be equal,their dependence mutual,and their obligations reciprocal.（在一樁婚姻中，丈夫與妻子的關(guān)系是相互平等，相互依賴，彼此都應(yīng)盡其責(zé)任。）
course在句中表示“過程”。
in an obvious matter是個不太常見的詞組，意為“明顯地，顯然地”。They cannot pretend ignorance in an obvious matter.（他們顯然不能假裝一無所知。）
12. I have excluded him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
「譯文」 我之所以把他排除在外，是因為盡管他的成果可能會有助于解決道德問題，但他承擔(dān)的任務(wù)只不過是研究這些問題的事實層面。
「析句」 主句是I have excluded him，而because所引導(dǎo)的從句又包含一個主從結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句是he has not been charged… those problems，從句是while his accomplishments… moral problems.the task of approaching any實際表示the task of approaching any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承擔(dān)的任務(wù)不是解決任何道德問題，而是處理（研究）這些問題的事實層面。
「講詞」 to be charged with意為“被控”或“承擔(dān)，負責(zé)”。He also was charged with lying to federal officers.（他被控向聯(lián)邦官員撒謊。）He was charged with the responsibility of designing all new public buildings.（他負責(zé)設(shè)計所有新建的公共建筑。）
approach作動詞意為“接近；處理”。The officials in Honolulu knew disaster was approaching.（檀香山的政府官員知道災(zāi)難即將到來。）How should I approach the issue and solve it?（我該怎么處理并解決這一問題呢？）
13. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
「譯文」 但是，他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動的道德規(guī)范，就如同不能指望商人專注于探索行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。
「析句」 這是一個比較句，主句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是his primary task is not to think about the moral code，定語從句（which governs his activity）修飾the moral code.理解和翻譯此句的關(guān)鍵是理解詞組any more than.
「講詞」 code有“編碼；準則”的意思。the moral code（道德規(guī)范），the code of conduct（行為準則）。The moral code is simple,as it involves one's morals or for that matter judgment of others morals.（道德規(guī)范是個簡單的問題，因為它涉及一個人的道德或?qū)e人道德的判斷。）
any more than意為“較……多些”，not any more than“不比……多些”。I don't like the guy any more than you do.（我并不比你更喜歡那個家伙。）There are no typical Harvard professors,any more than there are typical Harvard students.（沒有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)教授，也沒有什么典型的哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生。）
14. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
「譯文」 他們可以教得更好，而且不僅僅是為了掙薪水，但他們大多數(shù)人卻很少或沒有對需要進行道德判斷的人的問題進行獨立思考。
「析句」 本句是一個轉(zhuǎn)折復(fù)合句。第一個分句（They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries）相對簡單，第二個分句較難之處是human problems跟了一個定語從句（which involve moral judgment）。
「講詞」 more than意為“超過”，視具體情況也可譯為“不只是”。
reflection在句中是“思考，反省”的意思。independent reflection就是 independent thinking的意思。This was a choice made without sufficient reflection.（做出這一選擇并沒有經(jīng)過充分的思考。）The book contains his reflection on his experiences in Tibet.（這本書是他對自己在西藏的經(jīng)歷所作的反思。）