九，舉例、異同、例外（401-480）
401. To illustrate this，we take temperature for example.
為了說明問題，我們舉溫度為例。
402.（This operation can be applicable to very small-scale weather modification.）A good example is the prevention of local frost damage to a garden or orchard by heating.
（這種操作可適用于很小規(guī)模的人工影響天氣）這方面嚴(yán)格成功的例子是通過加熱防止花園和果園的局地霜凍。
403. The wheel and axle is really a sort of lever. An example of such a machine is the device used in old-fashioned wells to hoist up the water bucket.
輪軸實(shí)際上是一種杠桿。在老式水井中用來提上水桶的裝置就是這類機(jī)械的一個(gè)例子。
404. The excess of water vapor condenses into visible moisture. Steam over a hot cup is an example.
過量的水汽凝結(jié)成可見的水霧，熱水杯冒出的霧氣即是一例。
405. As an example，we calculated the monthly mean temperature for January‘s over the period of 1930-1970 for the station.
作為例子，我們計(jì)算了這個(gè)臺(tái)站1930—1970年一月份的平均溫度。
406. As a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes，take the frost prevention in an orchard.
我們可舉果園中防霜作為說明對(duì)天氣的物理過程進(jìn)行小尺度人工影響的例子。
407. A water wheel，turned by water flowing over a weir，furnishes a good example of potential energy being turned into useful mechanical energy.
由流水過壩轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的水輪提供一個(gè)說明位能正在轉(zhuǎn)變成有用的機(jī)械能的例子。
408. A city electric-power plant affords an illustration of complicated transformations of energy.
城市發(fā)電廠提供了說明能量轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)雜關(guān)系的例子。
409. When，for instance，we hit a nail with a hammer，we expect the nail to move.
比如，當(dāng)我們用錘子敲打釘子時(shí)，我們可預(yù)知釘子要移動(dòng)。
410. Here，synoptic-scale events appear to possess a completely different character to those of，for example，the western Pacific.
這里天氣尺度事件看來具有與別處（例如西太平洋）的天氣尺度事件完全不同的性質(zhì)。
411. On an ordinary window，which measures say 3.0 ft by 6.0 ft，the force exerted by air is 19 tons.
對(duì)于一個(gè)普通窗戶（量起來比如說3英尺×6英尺）空氣施加壓力是19噸。
412. The rate of evaporation depends on the material and such factors as the temperature，the surface area，amount of ventilation，and the pressure exerted on the surface.
蒸發(fā)速率取決于材料及諸如溫度、蒸發(fā)面積、通風(fēng)量和施加在此蒸發(fā)面上的壓力等因素。
413. More limited models have developed by Leovy（1964），Harwood（1968）and Holton（1980a）among others.
限制較嚴(yán)的模式由一些學(xué)者研制了出來，其中特別是Leovy（1964），Harwood（1968）和Holton（1980a）。
414. The pilot，the farmer，the road builder，to name but a few，find it necessary to get information on weather from meteorologists.
飛行員、農(nóng)民、筑路工人（僅舉這幾個(gè)為例）都從氣象人員那里獲得天氣情報(bào)。
415. Special networks such as operate over the western plains of the United State during the tornado season，furnish additional information about occurrence of severe local weather.
專門臺(tái)站網(wǎng)（例如在陸龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生季節(jié)在美國西部平原工作的臺(tái)站網(wǎng)）可對(duì)惡劣天氣是否出現(xiàn)提供新的情報(bào)。
416. The research group has made investigation of all the events such as occurred in the winter of 1982 over the Pacific.
這一研究小組已對(duì)這些事件作了研究，例如1982年冬發(fā)生在太平洋上的。
417. The resulting standing wave is a swirling motions such as might result if we swirled water in a round-bottomed cup.
所產(chǎn)生的駐波是一種旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，它是在我們轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圓底杯中的水時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。
418. Some reviewers suggest other interpretations such that when A（t）has become small，the essential sudden warming have already occurred.
有些評(píng)述者提出另一些解釋，如當(dāng)A（t）變得小時(shí)，實(shí)際突然增暖早已發(fā)生。
419. At higher levels the pressure field has a much simpler structure，exemplified by the solution at 6.5 km.
在高空氣壓場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)卻遠(yuǎn)為簡單，例子見6.5公里高度上的解。
420. Examples of such studies include those of Smith（1987）for individual surface and Oke（1989）for urban canopy system.
這類研究的例子包括個(gè)別地面上的（如Smith，1987）和城市中一些林木系統(tǒng)（如Oke，1989）中的小氣候狀況。
421. One is the change of the basic-state parameters（e.g.，the zonal wind field）；the other is existence，in the real atmosphere，of instabilities not described in our model，like for instance，baroclinic instability.
一個(gè)是基態(tài)參數(shù)（例如緯向風(fēng)場(chǎng)）的變化；另一個(gè)在實(shí)際大氣存在的不穩(wěn)定（此模式未予涉及），例如斜壓不穩(wěn)定。
422. In some situation，however，as in the description of the motion of a pendulum，direct application of the laws of motion would require complicated calculation.
然而在某些情況下，例如在描述擺的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，（如果）直接運(yùn)用運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律（就會(huì)）需要復(fù)雜的計(jì)算。
423. Near small river，as along the Oregon coast，upwelling can occur when winds move the low-salinity surface layer seaward and the cold，upwelled waters underneath are exposed.
靠近小河口地區(qū)，如俄勒岡州海岸，當(dāng)風(fēng)把低鹽度的表層水向海洋方向吹時(shí)，涌升現(xiàn)象就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這時(shí)，下面寒冷的、涌升上來的海水就暴露了出來。
424. A change of phase，however，is a more fundamental change of Physical form，as from a liquid to a vapor，or a change from one crystalline form to another.
然而，相位的變化是指物理形態(tài)的更為基本的變化，如從液體變?yōu)闅怏w，或從一種晶體變?yōu)榱硪环N晶體。
425. In the book there are various pictures，as of the internal combustion engine.
在該書中有許多照片，如內(nèi)燃機(jī)照片。
426. A balloon will burst as when it goes up high into the air.
氣球會(huì)爆炸，如當(dāng)它升入高空時(shí)。
427. Some measurements are direct，as when we find the length of a table by placing a yard or meter scale beside it.
有些測(cè)量是直接的，例如當(dāng)我們求一張桌子的長度時(shí)是通過把碼尺或米尺放到桌邊量出來的。
428. Many of them have more than one solid states，as in the case of phosphorus，which is known in three solid phase：black，more familiar red and yellow forms.
其中許多種物質(zhì)不止一種固態(tài)，例如磷，人們已知有散裝固體相：黑色和人們比較熟悉的紅色和黃色的形態(tài)。
429. Light，like any material body，requires some，though very little，time to cover this distance.
光象任何物質(zhì)一樣，需要一定的不過是很短的時(shí)間才能走過這段距離。
430. Like wind waves，tsunamis eventually encounter the coast，often with catastrophic results due to their great speed and height.
象風(fēng)引起的波浪一樣，海嘯最終沖到海岸。由于它們的巨大速度和高度常常帶來災(zāi)難性的后果。
431. This dynamic approach，like the equilibrium theory，also requires some assumption in order to deal with the complicated interactions.
為了研究這些復(fù)雜的相互作用問題，這種動(dòng)力學(xué)方法象平衡理論一樣也需要某種假設(shè)。
432. For any of these stars，like for the sun and moon，astronomers are able to find out its exact position in the universe.
對(duì)這些星球中任何一顆，就象對(duì)于太陽和月亮一樣，天文學(xué)家能夠求出其在宇宙中的精確位置。
433. The monitor，as defined so far，is similar in many respects to the critical region.
監(jiān)控程序，就象到目前為止所定義的，在許多方面與臨界區(qū)是相似的。
434. As shown in the table，a scattered sky is the same as partly cloudy and broken sky is identical with a cloudy one.
如表所示，疏云天與“少云”一致，而裂云天則與多云一致。（即此處術(shù)語均指同一概念）
435. The basic reason is the same for a sea breeze as for a monsoon——difference in heating between the land and sea.
形成海風(fēng)的基本原因與形成季風(fēng)的相同———都是由海陸加熱差異造成。
436. When the temperature of a body remains constant，it is receiving heat at the same rate as that at which it is radiating.
當(dāng)物體保持恒溫時(shí)，則它接收的熱量和輻射出的熱量的速率是相同的。
437. As in the case of temperature，an instrument for continuously recording pressure is also available.
象測(cè)定溫度一樣，也有一種連續(xù)記錄氣壓的儀器。
438. As in the case of the motion of a body，running water has energy.
象物體運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，流水具有能量。
439. As is true of all glass，foam-glass resists heat，does not burn，nor is it rotted by water.
象所有玻璃一樣，泡沫玻璃抗熱，不可燃，也不為水所腐蝕。
440. As is often the case with orchards，cool-season crops sometimes need frost prevention by smudging.
象通常在果園防霜那樣，寒季作物有時(shí)也需要煙熏防霜。
441. As with paging，this mapping requires two memory references per logical address，effectively slowing the computer system by a factor of two，unless something is done.
如同對(duì)源程序編碼給予定位一樣，這種變換需要每一邏輯地址有兩個(gè)內(nèi)存參考。如果沒有什么措施，則會(huì)有效地使用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)算速度降低一半。
442. As with any complicated computational procedure，it is essential to have some means to test the accuracy of the results.
如同任何復(fù)雜的計(jì)算方法一樣，重要的是采用一些平均值去檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的精度。
443. Oil can be transferred by pipe，as with water.
石油象水一樣，可通過管道輸送。
444. Fuel burning for the internal combustion engine takes place inside the machine itself，as with steam engines.
內(nèi)燃機(jī)中燃料燃燒象在蒸汽機(jī)中一樣，是在機(jī)器內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的。
445. Unlike dry ice pellets，the particles of silver iodide do not evaporate when released.
與干冰粒不同，碘化銀微粒在投放時(shí)并不蒸發(fā)。
446. Unlike a low-pressure center，which may be composed of two or more air masses，an anticyclone usually consists of a single air mass.
與低壓中心不同（它可能由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的氣團(tuán)所組成），反氣旋通常只由單一的氣團(tuán)構(gòu)成。
447. Unlike hydrogen，carbon dioxide is non-combustible.
與氫不一樣，二氧化碳是不可燃的。
448. Different from physics，chemistry is concerned with the composition，properties and structure of substances and with the changes they undergo.
與物理學(xué)不同，化學(xué)是研究物質(zhì)的成分、（化學(xué)）性質(zhì)及其結(jié)構(gòu)的，還研究這些物質(zhì)在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中的變化。
449. Wind measurement differs from that of temperature in that the magnitude and direction must be observed.
風(fēng)的測(cè)定不同于氣溫測(cè)定在于：量值和方向都必須觀測(cè)。
450. Mercury is adverse to other metals in state at ordinary temperature.
常溫下水銀與其它金屬狀態(tài)不同。
451. Silver has its own physical and chemical properties as distinct from gold.
與金不同，銀有自己的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)。
452. Stationary waves are distinct from the progressive ones wherein the waves move across the body of water—as if we had dropped a pebble in the dish of water.
駐波與前進(jìn)波不同，在后一種情況下，水波向四周傳去—就好象我們?cè)虮P中投下一塊卵石時(shí)的情景一樣。
453. The findings documented in Smith（1985）are found to be at variance with Black（1979）。
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在Smith（1985）文獻(xiàn)中提出的結(jié)果與Black（1979）的不同。
454. Contrary to data available in the literature，minimum tillage in our investigation did not give exceptionally good results.
與文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)的資料相反，在我們的研究中對(duì)田地作最小量的耕翻并沒有產(chǎn)生特別良好的結(jié)果。
455. Such suggestions are in sharp contrast to the traditional view of radiation in the tropics.
這些看法與熱帶輻射的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)形成強(qiáng)烈的不同（鮮明的對(duì)比）。
456. In contrast to the simple observations of the tides，tidal current studies are difficult and expensive.
與潮汐的簡單觀測(cè)不大相同，潮流研究的難度既大、費(fèi)用也巨。
457. In contrast，winds blowing across the ocean toward the coast of a continent，as in the northwestern United State during winter months，have less effect on the coastal ocean.
相反，從（越過）海洋吹向大陸海岸的風(fēng)（如美國西北部冬季的風(fēng)），對(duì)沿岸海洋的影響較小。
458. In contrast，iron has a much higher melting point.
相反，鐵有著高的多的熔點(diǎn)。
459. In the Southern Hemisphere an anticyclone circulates counterclockwise around the high-pressure center，as contrasted to the Northern Hemisphere.
在南半球，反氣旋繞高壓中心反時(shí)針方向吹，與北半球情況相反。
460. The Watt，a unit of power，is named after an English engineer，James Watt. Likewise，the Joule，a unit of energy and work，comes from a physical called James Joule.
瓦是功率單位，是根據(jù)英國工程師James Watt命名的。同樣地，作為能量和功的單位的焦耳是根據(jù)物理學(xué)家James Joule而命名的。
461. By way of exception K is used instead of R.
作為例外，用K代替R.
462. The area the western end of the sound is an exception.
在靠近該海灣最西部的地方是個(gè)例外。
463. Except for the very longest waves most waves move through the deep ocean without experiencing any effects of the bottom.
除了最長的波，大部分在深海中傳播時(shí)并不受到海底的任何影響。
464. In two years significant yield differences of summer crops were observed，except（for）maize which showed heavy damage caused by armyworm in the second year.
這兩年中，除了在第二年玉米受粘蟲嚴(yán)重侵害（不說）外，夏季作物的產(chǎn)量都有顯著的差別。
465. This scheme works fine，except in the case where the user does not use the card reader driver.
除用戶不使用卡片讀入設(shè)備的情況外，這一方案都行之有效。
466. The Brightness of the radar image is related to the amount of reflecting water or ice in the clouds except near the radar site.
雷達(dá)圖像的亮度與云中反射雷達(dá)波的水滴或冰晶的數(shù)量有關(guān)，而雷達(dá)場(chǎng)附近的圖像亮度除外。
467. There is little difference between the two mean temperature fields，except that the slope of the isotherms appears to be somewhere greater in the right panel.
這兩個(gè)平均溫度場(chǎng)沒有什么差異，除了右圖等溫線的坡度似乎略為大一些之外。
468. The air is a mixture of gases，and with the exception of water vapor，the relative proportions of the gases are quite constant to a height of more than 40 miles.
空氣是氣體的混合物。除水汽外，其它氣體的相對(duì)比例直到40英里高度上都是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的。
469. Vapor in the air can absorb radiation over a certain range of wavelength with the exclusion that it contributes to from clouds and fog.
空氣中水汽除了可以形成云霧之外，還可以吸收一定范圍波長的輻射。
470. Experimental treatments were assigned to the plots at random，with the three exceptions mentioned below.
對(duì)隨機(jī)選出的幾塊地（關(guān)于三個(gè)例外情況介紹于下）設(shè)計(jì)出幾種試驗(yàn)處理方法。
471. These facilities would give another two years of service except in so far as they are overworked.
這些設(shè)備除非過度使用，否則還可再用兩年。
472. In most instances weather prediction is the ultimate goal of atmospheric research，the exceptions being the rather rare attempts at controlling the weather.
在大多數(shù)情況下，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是大氣研究的最終目的，只有為數(shù)甚少的試圖控制（調(diào)節(jié)、影響）天氣的探索是例外。
473. In addition to energy of position or state，objects may possess energy due to their motions.
物體除了因位置或狀態(tài)而具有的能量外，還可因運(yùn)動(dòng)具有能量。
474. Apart from what is outlined above，the following is worth our attention.
除了上面介紹的以外，下面的內(nèi)容也是值得我們注意的。
475. Aside from the SI system，other systems such as CGS and MKS are in use in the study of physics.
在物理學(xué)研究中除了國際單位制外，其它如厘米？克？秒和米？千克？秒單位制也使用。
476. The only small-scale weather modification other than local frost prevention is that of clearing an airport or airstrip of fog.
除局地防霜外，的小尺度人工影響天氣作業(yè)是清除航空港或簡易機(jī)場(chǎng)上的霧。
477. In other directions than the surface nothing limits the air‘s expansion but its own weight.
在除地表外的任何方向上，除了空氣本身重量外，是沒有東西可以限制它的擴(kuò)展的。
478. The planetary scale motions posses other time scales besides annual or seasonal.
行星尺度的運(yùn)動(dòng)除了年或季節(jié)的時(shí)間尺度以外，還具有別的時(shí)間尺度。
479. There are no other data than is available.
除現(xiàn)有資料外，別無其它資料。
480. We need know the number of computations which are to be joined，so that we can terminate all but the last one.
我們需要知道有多少個(gè)要連在一起進(jìn)行的計(jì)算，這樣我們就能在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)計(jì)算上終止計(jì)算。
401. To illustrate this，we take temperature for example.
為了說明問題，我們舉溫度為例。
402.（This operation can be applicable to very small-scale weather modification.）A good example is the prevention of local frost damage to a garden or orchard by heating.
（這種操作可適用于很小規(guī)模的人工影響天氣）這方面嚴(yán)格成功的例子是通過加熱防止花園和果園的局地霜凍。
403. The wheel and axle is really a sort of lever. An example of such a machine is the device used in old-fashioned wells to hoist up the water bucket.
輪軸實(shí)際上是一種杠桿。在老式水井中用來提上水桶的裝置就是這類機(jī)械的一個(gè)例子。
404. The excess of water vapor condenses into visible moisture. Steam over a hot cup is an example.
過量的水汽凝結(jié)成可見的水霧，熱水杯冒出的霧氣即是一例。
405. As an example，we calculated the monthly mean temperature for January‘s over the period of 1930-1970 for the station.
作為例子，我們計(jì)算了這個(gè)臺(tái)站1930—1970年一月份的平均溫度。
406. As a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes，take the frost prevention in an orchard.
我們可舉果園中防霜作為說明對(duì)天氣的物理過程進(jìn)行小尺度人工影響的例子。
407. A water wheel，turned by water flowing over a weir，furnishes a good example of potential energy being turned into useful mechanical energy.
由流水過壩轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的水輪提供一個(gè)說明位能正在轉(zhuǎn)變成有用的機(jī)械能的例子。
408. A city electric-power plant affords an illustration of complicated transformations of energy.
城市發(fā)電廠提供了說明能量轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)雜關(guān)系的例子。
409. When，for instance，we hit a nail with a hammer，we expect the nail to move.
比如，當(dāng)我們用錘子敲打釘子時(shí)，我們可預(yù)知釘子要移動(dòng)。
410. Here，synoptic-scale events appear to possess a completely different character to those of，for example，the western Pacific.
這里天氣尺度事件看來具有與別處（例如西太平洋）的天氣尺度事件完全不同的性質(zhì)。
411. On an ordinary window，which measures say 3.0 ft by 6.0 ft，the force exerted by air is 19 tons.
對(duì)于一個(gè)普通窗戶（量起來比如說3英尺×6英尺）空氣施加壓力是19噸。
412. The rate of evaporation depends on the material and such factors as the temperature，the surface area，amount of ventilation，and the pressure exerted on the surface.
蒸發(fā)速率取決于材料及諸如溫度、蒸發(fā)面積、通風(fēng)量和施加在此蒸發(fā)面上的壓力等因素。
413. More limited models have developed by Leovy（1964），Harwood（1968）and Holton（1980a）among others.
限制較嚴(yán)的模式由一些學(xué)者研制了出來，其中特別是Leovy（1964），Harwood（1968）和Holton（1980a）。
414. The pilot，the farmer，the road builder，to name but a few，find it necessary to get information on weather from meteorologists.
飛行員、農(nóng)民、筑路工人（僅舉這幾個(gè)為例）都從氣象人員那里獲得天氣情報(bào)。
415. Special networks such as operate over the western plains of the United State during the tornado season，furnish additional information about occurrence of severe local weather.
專門臺(tái)站網(wǎng)（例如在陸龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生季節(jié)在美國西部平原工作的臺(tái)站網(wǎng)）可對(duì)惡劣天氣是否出現(xiàn)提供新的情報(bào)。
416. The research group has made investigation of all the events such as occurred in the winter of 1982 over the Pacific.
這一研究小組已對(duì)這些事件作了研究，例如1982年冬發(fā)生在太平洋上的。
417. The resulting standing wave is a swirling motions such as might result if we swirled water in a round-bottomed cup.
所產(chǎn)生的駐波是一種旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，它是在我們轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圓底杯中的水時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。
418. Some reviewers suggest other interpretations such that when A（t）has become small，the essential sudden warming have already occurred.
有些評(píng)述者提出另一些解釋，如當(dāng)A（t）變得小時(shí)，實(shí)際突然增暖早已發(fā)生。
419. At higher levels the pressure field has a much simpler structure，exemplified by the solution at 6.5 km.
在高空氣壓場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)卻遠(yuǎn)為簡單，例子見6.5公里高度上的解。
420. Examples of such studies include those of Smith（1987）for individual surface and Oke（1989）for urban canopy system.
這類研究的例子包括個(gè)別地面上的（如Smith，1987）和城市中一些林木系統(tǒng)（如Oke，1989）中的小氣候狀況。
421. One is the change of the basic-state parameters（e.g.，the zonal wind field）；the other is existence，in the real atmosphere，of instabilities not described in our model，like for instance，baroclinic instability.
一個(gè)是基態(tài)參數(shù)（例如緯向風(fēng)場(chǎng)）的變化；另一個(gè)在實(shí)際大氣存在的不穩(wěn)定（此模式未予涉及），例如斜壓不穩(wěn)定。
422. In some situation，however，as in the description of the motion of a pendulum，direct application of the laws of motion would require complicated calculation.
然而在某些情況下，例如在描述擺的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，（如果）直接運(yùn)用運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律（就會(huì)）需要復(fù)雜的計(jì)算。
423. Near small river，as along the Oregon coast，upwelling can occur when winds move the low-salinity surface layer seaward and the cold，upwelled waters underneath are exposed.
靠近小河口地區(qū)，如俄勒岡州海岸，當(dāng)風(fēng)把低鹽度的表層水向海洋方向吹時(shí)，涌升現(xiàn)象就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。這時(shí)，下面寒冷的、涌升上來的海水就暴露了出來。
424. A change of phase，however，is a more fundamental change of Physical form，as from a liquid to a vapor，or a change from one crystalline form to another.
然而，相位的變化是指物理形態(tài)的更為基本的變化，如從液體變?yōu)闅怏w，或從一種晶體變?yōu)榱硪环N晶體。
425. In the book there are various pictures，as of the internal combustion engine.
在該書中有許多照片，如內(nèi)燃機(jī)照片。
426. A balloon will burst as when it goes up high into the air.
氣球會(huì)爆炸，如當(dāng)它升入高空時(shí)。
427. Some measurements are direct，as when we find the length of a table by placing a yard or meter scale beside it.
有些測(cè)量是直接的，例如當(dāng)我們求一張桌子的長度時(shí)是通過把碼尺或米尺放到桌邊量出來的。
428. Many of them have more than one solid states，as in the case of phosphorus，which is known in three solid phase：black，more familiar red and yellow forms.
其中許多種物質(zhì)不止一種固態(tài)，例如磷，人們已知有散裝固體相：黑色和人們比較熟悉的紅色和黃色的形態(tài)。
429. Light，like any material body，requires some，though very little，time to cover this distance.
光象任何物質(zhì)一樣，需要一定的不過是很短的時(shí)間才能走過這段距離。
430. Like wind waves，tsunamis eventually encounter the coast，often with catastrophic results due to their great speed and height.
象風(fēng)引起的波浪一樣，海嘯最終沖到海岸。由于它們的巨大速度和高度常常帶來災(zāi)難性的后果。
431. This dynamic approach，like the equilibrium theory，also requires some assumption in order to deal with the complicated interactions.
為了研究這些復(fù)雜的相互作用問題，這種動(dòng)力學(xué)方法象平衡理論一樣也需要某種假設(shè)。
432. For any of these stars，like for the sun and moon，astronomers are able to find out its exact position in the universe.
對(duì)這些星球中任何一顆，就象對(duì)于太陽和月亮一樣，天文學(xué)家能夠求出其在宇宙中的精確位置。
433. The monitor，as defined so far，is similar in many respects to the critical region.
監(jiān)控程序，就象到目前為止所定義的，在許多方面與臨界區(qū)是相似的。
434. As shown in the table，a scattered sky is the same as partly cloudy and broken sky is identical with a cloudy one.
如表所示，疏云天與“少云”一致，而裂云天則與多云一致。（即此處術(shù)語均指同一概念）
435. The basic reason is the same for a sea breeze as for a monsoon——difference in heating between the land and sea.
形成海風(fēng)的基本原因與形成季風(fēng)的相同———都是由海陸加熱差異造成。
436. When the temperature of a body remains constant，it is receiving heat at the same rate as that at which it is radiating.
當(dāng)物體保持恒溫時(shí)，則它接收的熱量和輻射出的熱量的速率是相同的。
437. As in the case of temperature，an instrument for continuously recording pressure is also available.
象測(cè)定溫度一樣，也有一種連續(xù)記錄氣壓的儀器。
438. As in the case of the motion of a body，running water has energy.
象物體運(yùn)動(dòng)一樣，流水具有能量。
439. As is true of all glass，foam-glass resists heat，does not burn，nor is it rotted by water.
象所有玻璃一樣，泡沫玻璃抗熱，不可燃，也不為水所腐蝕。
440. As is often the case with orchards，cool-season crops sometimes need frost prevention by smudging.
象通常在果園防霜那樣，寒季作物有時(shí)也需要煙熏防霜。
441. As with paging，this mapping requires two memory references per logical address，effectively slowing the computer system by a factor of two，unless something is done.
如同對(duì)源程序編碼給予定位一樣，這種變換需要每一邏輯地址有兩個(gè)內(nèi)存參考。如果沒有什么措施，則會(huì)有效地使用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)算速度降低一半。
442. As with any complicated computational procedure，it is essential to have some means to test the accuracy of the results.
如同任何復(fù)雜的計(jì)算方法一樣，重要的是采用一些平均值去檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的精度。
443. Oil can be transferred by pipe，as with water.
石油象水一樣，可通過管道輸送。
444. Fuel burning for the internal combustion engine takes place inside the machine itself，as with steam engines.
內(nèi)燃機(jī)中燃料燃燒象在蒸汽機(jī)中一樣，是在機(jī)器內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的。
445. Unlike dry ice pellets，the particles of silver iodide do not evaporate when released.
與干冰粒不同，碘化銀微粒在投放時(shí)并不蒸發(fā)。
446. Unlike a low-pressure center，which may be composed of two or more air masses，an anticyclone usually consists of a single air mass.
與低壓中心不同（它可能由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的氣團(tuán)所組成），反氣旋通常只由單一的氣團(tuán)構(gòu)成。
447. Unlike hydrogen，carbon dioxide is non-combustible.
與氫不一樣，二氧化碳是不可燃的。
448. Different from physics，chemistry is concerned with the composition，properties and structure of substances and with the changes they undergo.
與物理學(xué)不同，化學(xué)是研究物質(zhì)的成分、（化學(xué)）性質(zhì)及其結(jié)構(gòu)的，還研究這些物質(zhì)在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中的變化。
449. Wind measurement differs from that of temperature in that the magnitude and direction must be observed.
風(fēng)的測(cè)定不同于氣溫測(cè)定在于：量值和方向都必須觀測(cè)。
450. Mercury is adverse to other metals in state at ordinary temperature.
常溫下水銀與其它金屬狀態(tài)不同。
451. Silver has its own physical and chemical properties as distinct from gold.
與金不同，銀有自己的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)。
452. Stationary waves are distinct from the progressive ones wherein the waves move across the body of water—as if we had dropped a pebble in the dish of water.
駐波與前進(jìn)波不同，在后一種情況下，水波向四周傳去—就好象我們?cè)虮P中投下一塊卵石時(shí)的情景一樣。
453. The findings documented in Smith（1985）are found to be at variance with Black（1979）。
人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在Smith（1985）文獻(xiàn)中提出的結(jié)果與Black（1979）的不同。
454. Contrary to data available in the literature，minimum tillage in our investigation did not give exceptionally good results.
與文獻(xiàn)中出現(xiàn)的資料相反，在我們的研究中對(duì)田地作最小量的耕翻并沒有產(chǎn)生特別良好的結(jié)果。
455. Such suggestions are in sharp contrast to the traditional view of radiation in the tropics.
這些看法與熱帶輻射的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)形成強(qiáng)烈的不同（鮮明的對(duì)比）。
456. In contrast to the simple observations of the tides，tidal current studies are difficult and expensive.
與潮汐的簡單觀測(cè)不大相同，潮流研究的難度既大、費(fèi)用也巨。
457. In contrast，winds blowing across the ocean toward the coast of a continent，as in the northwestern United State during winter months，have less effect on the coastal ocean.
相反，從（越過）海洋吹向大陸海岸的風(fēng)（如美國西北部冬季的風(fēng)），對(duì)沿岸海洋的影響較小。
458. In contrast，iron has a much higher melting point.
相反，鐵有著高的多的熔點(diǎn)。
459. In the Southern Hemisphere an anticyclone circulates counterclockwise around the high-pressure center，as contrasted to the Northern Hemisphere.
在南半球，反氣旋繞高壓中心反時(shí)針方向吹，與北半球情況相反。
460. The Watt，a unit of power，is named after an English engineer，James Watt. Likewise，the Joule，a unit of energy and work，comes from a physical called James Joule.
瓦是功率單位，是根據(jù)英國工程師James Watt命名的。同樣地，作為能量和功的單位的焦耳是根據(jù)物理學(xué)家James Joule而命名的。
461. By way of exception K is used instead of R.
作為例外，用K代替R.
462. The area the western end of the sound is an exception.
在靠近該海灣最西部的地方是個(gè)例外。
463. Except for the very longest waves most waves move through the deep ocean without experiencing any effects of the bottom.
除了最長的波，大部分在深海中傳播時(shí)并不受到海底的任何影響。
464. In two years significant yield differences of summer crops were observed，except（for）maize which showed heavy damage caused by armyworm in the second year.
這兩年中，除了在第二年玉米受粘蟲嚴(yán)重侵害（不說）外，夏季作物的產(chǎn)量都有顯著的差別。
465. This scheme works fine，except in the case where the user does not use the card reader driver.
除用戶不使用卡片讀入設(shè)備的情況外，這一方案都行之有效。
466. The Brightness of the radar image is related to the amount of reflecting water or ice in the clouds except near the radar site.
雷達(dá)圖像的亮度與云中反射雷達(dá)波的水滴或冰晶的數(shù)量有關(guān)，而雷達(dá)場(chǎng)附近的圖像亮度除外。
467. There is little difference between the two mean temperature fields，except that the slope of the isotherms appears to be somewhere greater in the right panel.
這兩個(gè)平均溫度場(chǎng)沒有什么差異，除了右圖等溫線的坡度似乎略為大一些之外。
468. The air is a mixture of gases，and with the exception of water vapor，the relative proportions of the gases are quite constant to a height of more than 40 miles.
空氣是氣體的混合物。除水汽外，其它氣體的相對(duì)比例直到40英里高度上都是相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定的。
469. Vapor in the air can absorb radiation over a certain range of wavelength with the exclusion that it contributes to from clouds and fog.
空氣中水汽除了可以形成云霧之外，還可以吸收一定范圍波長的輻射。
470. Experimental treatments were assigned to the plots at random，with the three exceptions mentioned below.
對(duì)隨機(jī)選出的幾塊地（關(guān)于三個(gè)例外情況介紹于下）設(shè)計(jì)出幾種試驗(yàn)處理方法。
471. These facilities would give another two years of service except in so far as they are overworked.
這些設(shè)備除非過度使用，否則還可再用兩年。
472. In most instances weather prediction is the ultimate goal of atmospheric research，the exceptions being the rather rare attempts at controlling the weather.
在大多數(shù)情況下，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是大氣研究的最終目的，只有為數(shù)甚少的試圖控制（調(diào)節(jié)、影響）天氣的探索是例外。
473. In addition to energy of position or state，objects may possess energy due to their motions.
物體除了因位置或狀態(tài)而具有的能量外，還可因運(yùn)動(dòng)具有能量。
474. Apart from what is outlined above，the following is worth our attention.
除了上面介紹的以外，下面的內(nèi)容也是值得我們注意的。
475. Aside from the SI system，other systems such as CGS and MKS are in use in the study of physics.
在物理學(xué)研究中除了國際單位制外，其它如厘米？克？秒和米？千克？秒單位制也使用。
476. The only small-scale weather modification other than local frost prevention is that of clearing an airport or airstrip of fog.
除局地防霜外，的小尺度人工影響天氣作業(yè)是清除航空港或簡易機(jī)場(chǎng)上的霧。
477. In other directions than the surface nothing limits the air‘s expansion but its own weight.
在除地表外的任何方向上，除了空氣本身重量外，是沒有東西可以限制它的擴(kuò)展的。
478. The planetary scale motions posses other time scales besides annual or seasonal.
行星尺度的運(yùn)動(dòng)除了年或季節(jié)的時(shí)間尺度以外，還具有別的時(shí)間尺度。
479. There are no other data than is available.
除現(xiàn)有資料外，別無其它資料。
480. We need know the number of computations which are to be joined，so that we can terminate all but the last one.
我們需要知道有多少個(gè)要連在一起進(jìn)行的計(jì)算，這樣我們就能在倒數(shù)第二個(gè)計(jì)算上終止計(jì)算。