2005 Part A Text 2
6. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?
「譯文」 還記得科學(xué)家們宣揚吸煙會致人死亡,而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎?還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據(jù),科學(xué)也不確定的時候嗎?還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是決心摧毀我們的生活方式,而政府應(yīng)該置身事外的時候嗎?
「析句」 這里有三個問句,第一個問句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較明了,而后兩個問句則省略了Do you remember… insisted,只有兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意英語中,常會省略并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的相同成分。
「講詞」 lobby作名詞時意為“大廳”,作動詞時表示“游說”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.(總統(tǒng)游說國會通過這項提案。)作動詞的lobby其名詞形式可以是lobbying(游說,院外活動),也可以是lobby.進行院外活動的人、進行疏通的人或說客,英文叫l(wèi)obbyer或lobbyist.out to(do…)“力圖要……的”。
7. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
「譯文」 科學(xué)家們一波接著一波,試圖告誡我們要認清全球氣候變暖正在帶來日益嚴(yán)重的威脅,在此情形之下現(xiàn)在又出現(xiàn)了令人不安的類似事情。
「析句」 as在句中是連接詞,引導(dǎo)一個從句,說明在什么背景之下又出現(xiàn)了類似的事情。在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,as可以翻成“當(dāng)(在)……時候”,或者適度對句子進行調(diào)整。不管怎樣,應(yīng)該清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句,是全句的核心。
「講詞」 parallel可以作名詞(平等,并列,相似物)、形容詞(平行的,相同的,并聯(lián)的)、動詞(相應(yīng),平等)和副詞(平行地,并列地)。There are few parallels between American football and European football.(美國足球和歐洲足球沒有什么相似之處。)This book is about the parallel lives of two contemporaries.(這本書是關(guān)于兩個同時代人的類似生活的。)
awaken除了“叫醒,喚醒”以外,還可以表示“認識到,意識到”。注意awaken后面接介詞to.People must be awakened to the danger of chemical weapons.(一定要喚起人們認清化學(xué)武器的危險性。)Awakened to the situation he was in,he was at a loss what to do.(一下子認識到他的處境,他竟然不知所措了。)
8. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man made.
「譯文」 最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學(xué)院的專家,這些專家告訴我們地球氣候確實在變暖,而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
「析句」 本句的主干是The latest was a panel,過去分詞短語enlisted by the White House作后置定語,修飾panel.另外,不定式短語to tell us作panel的補語,而不定式短語后又接兩個(間接)賓語從句,說明告訴了我們哪些情況。
「講詞」 panel表示“面板;陪審團,(專門)小組?!盿(the) panel of judges(評審小組)。Congress has appointed a panel to investigate the incident.(國會任命了一個專門小組來調(diào)查這一事件。)
enlist的基本意思為“征召;參軍;謀?。ㄖС帧①澲龋?。According to the law,a young man should enlist when he is eighteen.(根據(jù)法律規(guī)定,年滿十八歲必須應(yīng)征入伍。)The President talked to some Congressional leaders,in an effort to enlist their support for the bill.(總統(tǒng)與一些國會的領(lǐng)袖談了話,以爭取他們支持這項議案。)
9. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
「譯文」 但是科學(xué)確實為我們提供了涉及未來的指導(dǎo),關(guān)鍵是我們的國家和整個世界在做重大決策時,應(yīng)該依據(jù)涉及人類現(xiàn)在的行為對未來產(chǎn)生的后果時科學(xué)所能作出的判斷。
「析句」 本句包含and連接的兩個并列分句,其中第一個分句中的does表示強調(diào);第二個分句中的it是形式主語,critical后面的that從句是真正的主語。在第二個分句中,judgments后面又跟了一個定語從句,以說明是什么樣的judgements.注意it is critical等于it is important,后面所跟的從句實際上是虛擬語氣。
「講詞」 guide可以作動詞。Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.(數(shù)千只燈籠慢慢向大海漂去,給死人返回陰間指明道路。)guide的一個派生詞guidance也較常見,意為“指導(dǎo)”。He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.(他現(xiàn)在正在格林教授的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。)
10. Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.
「譯文」 就同吸煙問題一樣,來自許多領(lǐng)域的聲音堅持認為有關(guān)全球變暖的科學(xué)研究還不完整,在我們確定此事之前向大氣中繼續(xù)排放廢氣是沒問題的。
「析句」 本句的主干是voices now come from many quarters,現(xiàn)在分詞短語insisting作伴隨狀語,后面是兩個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其中第二個賓語從句還包含以 until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
「講詞」 quarters表示“住處,角落”。from many quarters等于from many places.living quarters表示“生活區(qū)”。
for sure 意為“確定地,確切地”。I know for sure that he must have done something terrible. 我敢肯定他一定做了什么天大的壞事。)No one knows for sure what happened to Bill. (沒有人確切知道比爾出了什么事。)
11. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
「譯文」 這是一個危險的游戲:等有了的證據(jù),也許就太晚了。隨著風(fēng)險越來越明顯并且越來越大,一個謹(jǐn)慎的民族現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份保單了。
「析句」 by the 100 percent of the evidence is in實際上的意思是by the time when the 100 percent of the evidence is in,即by the time when we have the 100 percent of the evidence.
「講詞」 prudent與careful同義,反義詞是imprudent.It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.(天氣這么冷,還是謹(jǐn)慎一點,出門帶上件厚外套。)
take out本意是“取出;弄走;消滅”。I'm going to take out my money deposited in the bank.(我打算取出存在銀行的錢。)它還可以表示“發(fā)泄;消滅”。 Don't take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner.(不要用這樣一種攻擊性的方式來發(fā)泄你的失意。)The combat pilots were ordered to take out the enemy position on the hill.(戰(zhàn)斗機飛行員接到命令,要消滅敵人在山上所建的陣地。)
12. Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
「譯文」 他們沒有出臺行動計劃,相反只是繼續(xù)要求進行更多的研究——這是一個經(jīng)典的“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”案例。
「析句」 instead of 表示否定,可以譯為“相反”。破折號后面的部分不是解釋前面的名詞research,而是說明前面的句子。paralysis by analysis 的意思是“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”,即只作研究而結(jié)果卻沒有采取任何行動。
「講詞」 a plan of action是固定搭配,表示“行動方案”。
paralysis表示“癱瘓,麻痹”。cerebral paralysis(腦癱)。The trade dispute led to a paralysis of trade between the two countries.(貿(mào)易糾紛導(dǎo)致兩國的貿(mào)易癱瘓。)注意paralysis的動詞形式是paralyze.The city was paralyzed due to the demonstrations.(**導(dǎo)致這個城市癱瘓。)
case意為“事例,病例,案例”。It is simply a case of honor.(這純粹是一個榮譽問題。)in any case表示“無論如何;總之”。Wife beating is not allowed in Islam in any case!(不管怎樣,伊斯蘭教不允許毆打妻子?。﹊n case表示“如果發(fā)生;如果;以防萬一”。You need to have the room cleaned in case your son might come back tomorrow.(你需要把那個房間打掃干凈,以防你兒子明天回來。)in case of意為“如果發(fā)生;萬一”。In case of medical emergency,call me immediately.(一旦出現(xiàn)病情就立即給我打電話。)
13. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.
「譯文」 要想成為負責(zé)任的地球管理人員,我們必須加強對大氣和海洋的深入研究。
「析句」 這里需要注意To serve as responsible stewards of the planet是表示一種目的,這種表達不同于as responsible stewards of the planet,因為在作者看來我們還沒有成為responsible stewards of the planet.
「講詞」 steward表示“服務(wù)人員”或“管理人員”。air stewards(乘組人員)。
responsible的基本用法是to be responsible for sth or sb.I'm responsible for the safety of the ship.(我對輪船的安全負責(zé)。)也可以修飾名詞: a responsible position(要職)。
press作名詞時可以表示“新聞界”或“出版社”。When the movie star arrives in Shanghai,he will meet the local press.(這位電影明星到達上海之后將會見當(dāng)?shù)赜浾?。)the University Press(大學(xué)出版社)。press當(dāng)動詞的基本意思是“壓”。The mother pressed her child against her.(母親緊緊摟住孩子。)Hard pressed by his debts,he committed suicide.(由于債臺高筑,他自尋短見了。)如果想表達“時間緊迫”,可以說“Time is pressing”。press forward(或press ahead)表示“加緊某一項工作”。We must press forward with the plan.(我們必須加緊推進這一計劃。)
6. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?
「譯文」 還記得科學(xué)家們宣揚吸煙會致人死亡,而那些懷疑者們卻堅持認為我們無法對此得出定論的時候嗎?還記得懷疑者們堅持認為缺乏決定性的證據(jù),科學(xué)也不確定的時候嗎?還記得懷疑者們堅持認為反對吸煙的游說是決心摧毀我們的生活方式,而政府應(yīng)該置身事外的時候嗎?
「析句」 這里有三個問句,第一個問句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較明了,而后兩個問句則省略了Do you remember… insisted,只有兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意英語中,常會省略并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的相同成分。
「講詞」 lobby作名詞時意為“大廳”,作動詞時表示“游說”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.(總統(tǒng)游說國會通過這項提案。)作動詞的lobby其名詞形式可以是lobbying(游說,院外活動),也可以是lobby.進行院外活動的人、進行疏通的人或說客,英文叫l(wèi)obbyer或lobbyist.out to(do…)“力圖要……的”。
7. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
「譯文」 科學(xué)家們一波接著一波,試圖告誡我們要認清全球氣候變暖正在帶來日益嚴(yán)重的威脅,在此情形之下現(xiàn)在又出現(xiàn)了令人不安的類似事情。
「析句」 as在句中是連接詞,引導(dǎo)一個從句,說明在什么背景之下又出現(xiàn)了類似的事情。在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,as可以翻成“當(dāng)(在)……時候”,或者適度對句子進行調(diào)整。不管怎樣,應(yīng)該清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句,是全句的核心。
「講詞」 parallel可以作名詞(平等,并列,相似物)、形容詞(平行的,相同的,并聯(lián)的)、動詞(相應(yīng),平等)和副詞(平行地,并列地)。There are few parallels between American football and European football.(美國足球和歐洲足球沒有什么相似之處。)This book is about the parallel lives of two contemporaries.(這本書是關(guān)于兩個同時代人的類似生活的。)
awaken除了“叫醒,喚醒”以外,還可以表示“認識到,意識到”。注意awaken后面接介詞to.People must be awakened to the danger of chemical weapons.(一定要喚起人們認清化學(xué)武器的危險性。)Awakened to the situation he was in,he was at a loss what to do.(一下子認識到他的處境,他竟然不知所措了。)
8. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man made.
「譯文」 最近的行動是由白宮召集了一批來自國家科學(xué)院的專家,這些專家告訴我們地球氣候確實在變暖,而這個問題主要是人為造成的。
「析句」 本句的主干是The latest was a panel,過去分詞短語enlisted by the White House作后置定語,修飾panel.另外,不定式短語to tell us作panel的補語,而不定式短語后又接兩個(間接)賓語從句,說明告訴了我們哪些情況。
「講詞」 panel表示“面板;陪審團,(專門)小組?!盿(the) panel of judges(評審小組)。Congress has appointed a panel to investigate the incident.(國會任命了一個專門小組來調(diào)查這一事件。)
enlist的基本意思為“征召;參軍;謀?。ㄖС帧①澲龋?。According to the law,a young man should enlist when he is eighteen.(根據(jù)法律規(guī)定,年滿十八歲必須應(yīng)征入伍。)The President talked to some Congressional leaders,in an effort to enlist their support for the bill.(總統(tǒng)與一些國會的領(lǐng)袖談了話,以爭取他們支持這項議案。)
9. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
「譯文」 但是科學(xué)確實為我們提供了涉及未來的指導(dǎo),關(guān)鍵是我們的國家和整個世界在做重大決策時,應(yīng)該依據(jù)涉及人類現(xiàn)在的行為對未來產(chǎn)生的后果時科學(xué)所能作出的判斷。
「析句」 本句包含and連接的兩個并列分句,其中第一個分句中的does表示強調(diào);第二個分句中的it是形式主語,critical后面的that從句是真正的主語。在第二個分句中,judgments后面又跟了一個定語從句,以說明是什么樣的judgements.注意it is critical等于it is important,后面所跟的從句實際上是虛擬語氣。
「講詞」 guide可以作動詞。Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world.(數(shù)千只燈籠慢慢向大海漂去,給死人返回陰間指明道路。)guide的一個派生詞guidance也較常見,意為“指導(dǎo)”。He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.(他現(xiàn)在正在格林教授的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)。)
10. Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.
「譯文」 就同吸煙問題一樣,來自許多領(lǐng)域的聲音堅持認為有關(guān)全球變暖的科學(xué)研究還不完整,在我們確定此事之前向大氣中繼續(xù)排放廢氣是沒問題的。
「析句」 本句的主干是voices now come from many quarters,現(xiàn)在分詞短語insisting作伴隨狀語,后面是兩個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其中第二個賓語從句還包含以 until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
「講詞」 quarters表示“住處,角落”。from many quarters等于from many places.living quarters表示“生活區(qū)”。
for sure 意為“確定地,確切地”。I know for sure that he must have done something terrible. 我敢肯定他一定做了什么天大的壞事。)No one knows for sure what happened to Bill. (沒有人確切知道比爾出了什么事。)
11. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
「譯文」 這是一個危險的游戲:等有了的證據(jù),也許就太晚了。隨著風(fēng)險越來越明顯并且越來越大,一個謹(jǐn)慎的民族現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份保單了。
「析句」 by the 100 percent of the evidence is in實際上的意思是by the time when the 100 percent of the evidence is in,即by the time when we have the 100 percent of the evidence.
「講詞」 prudent與careful同義,反義詞是imprudent.It's prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather when you go out.(天氣這么冷,還是謹(jǐn)慎一點,出門帶上件厚外套。)
take out本意是“取出;弄走;消滅”。I'm going to take out my money deposited in the bank.(我打算取出存在銀行的錢。)它還可以表示“發(fā)泄;消滅”。 Don't take your frustration out in such an aggressive manner.(不要用這樣一種攻擊性的方式來發(fā)泄你的失意。)The combat pilots were ordered to take out the enemy position on the hill.(戰(zhàn)斗機飛行員接到命令,要消滅敵人在山上所建的陣地。)
12. Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
「譯文」 他們沒有出臺行動計劃,相反只是繼續(xù)要求進行更多的研究——這是一個經(jīng)典的“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”案例。
「析句」 instead of 表示否定,可以譯為“相反”。破折號后面的部分不是解釋前面的名詞research,而是說明前面的句子。paralysis by analysis 的意思是“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”,即只作研究而結(jié)果卻沒有采取任何行動。
「講詞」 a plan of action是固定搭配,表示“行動方案”。
paralysis表示“癱瘓,麻痹”。cerebral paralysis(腦癱)。The trade dispute led to a paralysis of trade between the two countries.(貿(mào)易糾紛導(dǎo)致兩國的貿(mào)易癱瘓。)注意paralysis的動詞形式是paralyze.The city was paralyzed due to the demonstrations.(**導(dǎo)致這個城市癱瘓。)
case意為“事例,病例,案例”。It is simply a case of honor.(這純粹是一個榮譽問題。)in any case表示“無論如何;總之”。Wife beating is not allowed in Islam in any case!(不管怎樣,伊斯蘭教不允許毆打妻子?。﹊n case表示“如果發(fā)生;如果;以防萬一”。You need to have the room cleaned in case your son might come back tomorrow.(你需要把那個房間打掃干凈,以防你兒子明天回來。)in case of意為“如果發(fā)生;萬一”。In case of medical emergency,call me immediately.(一旦出現(xiàn)病情就立即給我打電話。)
13. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.
「譯文」 要想成為負責(zé)任的地球管理人員,我們必須加強對大氣和海洋的深入研究。
「析句」 這里需要注意To serve as responsible stewards of the planet是表示一種目的,這種表達不同于as responsible stewards of the planet,因為在作者看來我們還沒有成為responsible stewards of the planet.
「講詞」 steward表示“服務(wù)人員”或“管理人員”。air stewards(乘組人員)。
responsible的基本用法是to be responsible for sth or sb.I'm responsible for the safety of the ship.(我對輪船的安全負責(zé)。)也可以修飾名詞: a responsible position(要職)。
press作名詞時可以表示“新聞界”或“出版社”。When the movie star arrives in Shanghai,he will meet the local press.(這位電影明星到達上海之后將會見當(dāng)?shù)赜浾?。)the University Press(大學(xué)出版社)。press當(dāng)動詞的基本意思是“壓”。The mother pressed her child against her.(母親緊緊摟住孩子。)Hard pressed by his debts,he committed suicide.(由于債臺高筑,他自尋短見了。)如果想表達“時間緊迫”,可以說“Time is pressing”。press forward(或press ahead)表示“加緊某一項工作”。We must press forward with the plan.(我們必須加緊推進這一計劃。)