英語(yǔ)單詞是構(gòu)成語(yǔ)言的小單位,沒(méi)有單詞難以成句,因此對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人而言,掌握大量的單詞是非常之必要的?,F(xiàn)在的新課改教材更加大了對(duì)學(xué)生詞匯量的要求,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中 往往靠死記硬背,今天背熟了,明天又忘了,然后又去背,學(xué)習(xí)很累,難以擴(kuò)大詞匯量,久而久之對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)失去信心。因此,教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)教給學(xué)生一些記憶單詞的方法,以 激發(fā)學(xué)生的思維,培養(yǎng)他們理解、運(yùn)用單詞的能力。
一、讀音記憶法
1. 根據(jù)元音字母在重讀與非重讀音節(jié),開(kāi)音節(jié)與閉音節(jié),一般讀音與特別讀音等不同情況進(jìn)行列表記憶。如含有字母a的單詞:
一 般 特 別
A
重
讀 /ei/ name, gate, save, take, late … have/ /
/ / and, bag, thank, had, bad …
/ / what, watch, wash, want …
/a:/ class, father, last, ask …
/ e / any, many … Water/ /
非
重
讀 / / ago, again, arrive, above…
/ i / village, passage, comrade …
2. 根據(jù)字母組合 ea, oo, ee, ear, air, ph, ch, ck, ai, ay, ei, ey, igh, kn, ow, ou, or, ing, ar, al, oi, oy, th … 等的讀音規(guī)則進(jìn)行記憶。如:
字母組合 讀音 例 詞
ea /i:/ beach, each, tea, meat, read …
/e / head, ready, bread, weather …
/ei/ break, great …
oo /u:/ soon, moon, cool, noon, too …
/u / book, cook, foot, wood, good …
3. 對(duì)于一些長(zhǎng)串字母組成的單詞,可采用按讀音分節(jié)的方法進(jìn)行記憶。如:computer可分為com/k m/、pu/pju:/、ter/t /三部分,important可分為im/im/、por/p /、tant/t nt/三個(gè)部分,application可分為app/ p/、li/li/、ca/kei/、tion/ n/四個(gè)部分。
二、分類記憶法
英語(yǔ)詞匯極其豐富,如果能把單詞分門別類地進(jìn)行記憶,是大有好處的。分類的方法因人而異,因愛(ài)好而異,靈活多樣。如按詞性分類,冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞的數(shù)量不多,只 要分類編成卡片,便于記憶。按衣、食、住、行、天氣、時(shí)間、娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、動(dòng)物、人物、科目、職業(yè)、學(xué)習(xí)用品等歸類,也是很好的記憶方法。大類下面還可以分為小類,如時(shí)間的 分類如下:
1. Time: century, year, season, month, week, day, night, hour, quarter, minute, second.
2. Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
3. Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
4. Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
5. Days: the day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow.
6. day and night: dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening, mid-night.
三、比較記憶法
1. 同音詞比較:I/eye, be/bee, for/four, their/there, meet/meat, son/sun, see/sea, no/know, father/farther, hear/here, right/write, buy/by, knew/new, our/hour, too/two, way/weigh, weather/whether …
2. 同義詞比較:also/too/either, ago/before/past, each/every/all, because/as/for, large/big/huge, road/way
/street/path …
3. 反義詞比較:yes/no, come/go, old/new, right/wrong, up/down, young/old, left/right, above/below, after/before, good/bad, ugly/beautiful, buy/sell, begin/end, love/hate, long/short, heavy/light, large/small …
4. 相同字母結(jié)構(gòu)比較:way/may/day/lay/pay/say … light/night/right/fight/sight/might … station/vocation/operation/population/information … bear/dear/ear/fear/hear/near/pear/tear/wear/year …
5. 相同詞綴比較:unable/unborn/unbroken/unclean/
uncomfortable/uncountable/uncover/unfair/unhappy/unknown
/unmoved/unsuccessful …
四、聯(lián)想記憶法
記一個(gè)單詞可以聯(lián)想到許多單詞,不要單獨(dú)記憶,和其它詞聯(lián)系起來(lái)就比較容易記憶。如:
1. 與動(dòng)作相關(guān)的人物聯(lián)想。teach/teacher, work/worker, sing/singer, write/writer, play/player, clean/cleaner,
read/reader, dance/dancer, build/builder …
2. 可數(shù)名詞相應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)的聯(lián)想。pen/pens, day/days, factory/factories, box/boxes, bus/buses, watch/watches, knife/knives, man/men, radio/radios, tomato/tomatoes, sheep/sheep, child/children …
3. 基數(shù)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞聯(lián)想。one/first, two/second, three/third, four/fourth, five/fifth, eight/eighth, nine/ninth, twelve/twelfth, twenty/twentieth, thirty-six/thirty-sixth …
4. 動(dòng)詞幾種形式的聯(lián)想。do/does/doing/did/done, have/has/having/had/had, get/gets/getting/got/got …
5. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)高級(jí)的聯(lián)想。long/longer/longest, late/later/latest, big/bigger/biggest, happy/happier/happiest, interesting/more interesting/most interesting, good(well)/better/best, many(much)/more/most …
6. 合成詞的聯(lián)想。homework/home/work, afternoon/after/noon, Sunday/sun/day, classroom/class/room, football/foot/ball, something/some/thing, playground/play/ground, newspaper/news/paper …
五、圖表記憶法
分 類 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱
代詞 主格 I we you you he she it They
一、讀音記憶法
1. 根據(jù)元音字母在重讀與非重讀音節(jié),開(kāi)音節(jié)與閉音節(jié),一般讀音與特別讀音等不同情況進(jìn)行列表記憶。如含有字母a的單詞:
一 般 特 別
A
重
讀 /ei/ name, gate, save, take, late … have/ /
/ / and, bag, thank, had, bad …
/ / what, watch, wash, want …
/a:/ class, father, last, ask …
/ e / any, many … Water/ /
非
重
讀 / / ago, again, arrive, above…
/ i / village, passage, comrade …
2. 根據(jù)字母組合 ea, oo, ee, ear, air, ph, ch, ck, ai, ay, ei, ey, igh, kn, ow, ou, or, ing, ar, al, oi, oy, th … 等的讀音規(guī)則進(jìn)行記憶。如:
字母組合 讀音 例 詞
ea /i:/ beach, each, tea, meat, read …
/e / head, ready, bread, weather …
/ei/ break, great …
oo /u:/ soon, moon, cool, noon, too …
/u / book, cook, foot, wood, good …
3. 對(duì)于一些長(zhǎng)串字母組成的單詞,可采用按讀音分節(jié)的方法進(jìn)行記憶。如:computer可分為com/k m/、pu/pju:/、ter/t /三部分,important可分為im/im/、por/p /、tant/t nt/三個(gè)部分,application可分為app/ p/、li/li/、ca/kei/、tion/ n/四個(gè)部分。
二、分類記憶法
英語(yǔ)詞匯極其豐富,如果能把單詞分門別類地進(jìn)行記憶,是大有好處的。分類的方法因人而異,因愛(ài)好而異,靈活多樣。如按詞性分類,冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞的數(shù)量不多,只 要分類編成卡片,便于記憶。按衣、食、住、行、天氣、時(shí)間、娛樂(lè)、運(yùn)動(dòng)、動(dòng)物、人物、科目、職業(yè)、學(xué)習(xí)用品等歸類,也是很好的記憶方法。大類下面還可以分為小類,如時(shí)間的 分類如下:
1. Time: century, year, season, month, week, day, night, hour, quarter, minute, second.
2. Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
3. Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
4. Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
5. Days: the day before yesterday, yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow.
6. day and night: dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening, mid-night.
三、比較記憶法
1. 同音詞比較:I/eye, be/bee, for/four, their/there, meet/meat, son/sun, see/sea, no/know, father/farther, hear/here, right/write, buy/by, knew/new, our/hour, too/two, way/weigh, weather/whether …
2. 同義詞比較:also/too/either, ago/before/past, each/every/all, because/as/for, large/big/huge, road/way
/street/path …
3. 反義詞比較:yes/no, come/go, old/new, right/wrong, up/down, young/old, left/right, above/below, after/before, good/bad, ugly/beautiful, buy/sell, begin/end, love/hate, long/short, heavy/light, large/small …
4. 相同字母結(jié)構(gòu)比較:way/may/day/lay/pay/say … light/night/right/fight/sight/might … station/vocation/operation/population/information … bear/dear/ear/fear/hear/near/pear/tear/wear/year …
5. 相同詞綴比較:unable/unborn/unbroken/unclean/
uncomfortable/uncountable/uncover/unfair/unhappy/unknown
/unmoved/unsuccessful …
四、聯(lián)想記憶法
記一個(gè)單詞可以聯(lián)想到許多單詞,不要單獨(dú)記憶,和其它詞聯(lián)系起來(lái)就比較容易記憶。如:
1. 與動(dòng)作相關(guān)的人物聯(lián)想。teach/teacher, work/worker, sing/singer, write/writer, play/player, clean/cleaner,
read/reader, dance/dancer, build/builder …
2. 可數(shù)名詞相應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)的聯(lián)想。pen/pens, day/days, factory/factories, box/boxes, bus/buses, watch/watches, knife/knives, man/men, radio/radios, tomato/tomatoes, sheep/sheep, child/children …
3. 基數(shù)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞聯(lián)想。one/first, two/second, three/third, four/fourth, five/fifth, eight/eighth, nine/ninth, twelve/twelfth, twenty/twentieth, thirty-six/thirty-sixth …
4. 動(dòng)詞幾種形式的聯(lián)想。do/does/doing/did/done, have/has/having/had/had, get/gets/getting/got/got …
5. 形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)高級(jí)的聯(lián)想。long/longer/longest, late/later/latest, big/bigger/biggest, happy/happier/happiest, interesting/more interesting/most interesting, good(well)/better/best, many(much)/more/most …
6. 合成詞的聯(lián)想。homework/home/work, afternoon/after/noon, Sunday/sun/day, classroom/class/room, football/foot/ball, something/some/thing, playground/play/ground, newspaper/news/paper …
五、圖表記憶法
分 類 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱
代詞 主格 I we you you he she it They