大學(xué)英語六級考試也采用完形填空(Cloze),它采用的完形填空題是:“在一篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約200詞)內(nèi)留有20個空白,每個空白為一題,每題有四個選擇項,要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個答案,使短文的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整,考試時間15分鐘”。
完形填空題的特點(diǎn)主要有:
1.這項考試首先是測試考生對篇章的理解能力。雖然所給出的文章被抽去了20個詞,但是整篇文章的內(nèi)容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章內(nèi)容,就難以將正確的詞填入文中。這也就是完形填空題與以單句形式考查詞匯和語法的根本區(qū)別。由此可見,考生在做題時必須時刻從上下文考慮,不應(yīng)該只看到所填的詞在短語或句子內(nèi)是否可行。因此,在填空前,將全文通讀一遍,了解了全文的意思以后再做題。
2.這項考試還測試考生使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。文章中留出的每一個空格要求填入一個詞??荚嚧缶V規(guī)定:“填空的詞項包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)義詞”。結(jié)構(gòu)詞(也稱虛詞,有冠詞、介詞、連詞等)主要是表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的,在選用結(jié)構(gòu)詞時便需要考慮在語法上是否恰當(dāng)。對實(shí)義詞(名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動詞和副詞)的選擇既要看其意思用在句中是否得當(dāng),也要看它與其他詞的搭配關(guān)系是否合適。
3.首句一般沒有空格。對于首句應(yīng)該給予足夠的重視,因?yàn)樗褪侵行木浠蚴且龑?dǎo)句,它的時態(tài)往往決定了全文的時態(tài)。
通讀全文一遍之后,以句子為單位一句一句地讀,試著一句一句地填空,主要考慮語法、句意、邏輯和上下文聯(lián)系。暫時填不出來的就空在那里。最后再通讀一遍,完成沒有填的空,看看填的順不順,不順的地方大膽修改。
下面以2001年1月六級考試試題中的完形填空為例:
In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 61_______ half of the 19th century; most of 62_______ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movemnet received great 63_______ during the First World War, when 64_______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有)numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 65_______ in munitions(軍火)plants, under direct government sponsorship. 66_______ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 67_______, this was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 68_______, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 69_______ the day nurseries, chiefly by 70______ them and by……
The 71_______ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 72_______ called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 73_______ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. 74_______ school grogram for the children of working monthers. Many States and local communities 75_______ this Federal aid. By the end of war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 76_______ in daycare centers receiving Federal 77_______. Soon afterward, the Federal government 78_______ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 79_______ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 80_______ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
61.A)latter B)lateC)other D)first
62.A)those B)them C)whoseD)im itation
63.A)impetus _ B)input C)im itationD)initiative
64.A)sourcesB)abundance C)shortageD)reduction
65.A)hardlyB)entirely C)onlyD)even
66.A)BecauseB)As C)Since D)Although
67.A)unanim ously B)sharply C)predom inantly D)militantly
68.A)therefore B)consequently C)however D)moreover
69.A)overB)inC)atD)about
70.A)formulatingB)labeling C)patenting D)licensing
71.A)outsetB)outbreak C)breakthrough D)breakdown
72.A)again B)thus C)repeatedlyD)yet
73.A)circumstance B)occasion C)case D)situation
74.A)regulatingB)summoning C)allocating D)transferring
75.A)expandedB)facilitated C)supplemented D)compensated
76.A)by B)after C)ofD)for
77.A)pensionsB)subsidiesC)revenuesD)budgets
78.A)prevalently B)furiously
C)statisticallyD)drastically
79.A)abolishedB)diminished C)jeopardized D)precluded
80.A)nurseriesB)homes C)jobs D)children
「解析」
61.B)。第一家日托所建于1854年,在各地區(qū)建立當(dāng)然是在19世紀(jì)的后半期。
62.B)。most of后面要用人稱代詞。
63.A)。根據(jù)句意“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對建立日托所的運(yùn)動是個促進(jìn)。
64.C)。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)時勞動力短缺使得……”。
65.D)。說明托兒所建立的多而廣,“甚至建在軍火工廠里”。
66.D)。分析全句,這是一個讓步狀語從句,故應(yīng)用連詞although.
67.B)。修飾動詞rose的副詞,四個選項中只有sharply(急劇地)合適。
68.C)。本句的語氣上是轉(zhuǎn)折的,要選副詞however.
69.B)?!霸谟變簣@里”介詞應(yīng)該用in.
70.A)。根據(jù)句意“通過規(guī)范(form ulate)和……來管理。
71.B)。根據(jù)句意“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)應(yīng)是”The outbreak of the Second WorldWar。
72.A)。與第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的情況相呼應(yīng),所以要填A(yù))again.
73.B)。選項中的四個名詞,只有occa- sion可以與介詞on搭配,其意義也與句意相吻合。
74.C)。根據(jù)句意“這時,美國政府立即支持保育員學(xué)校,1942年7月?lián)芸?00萬美元……”。
75.C)。根據(jù)句意“許多州和地方社區(qū)對這筆聯(lián)邦政府資助進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充?!?BR> 76.D)。動詞care要與介詞for搭配,表示“照料”的意思。
77.B)。根據(jù)句意“在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里。
78.D)。根據(jù)句意“大幅度地削減這筆費(fèi)用,只有副詞drastically是正確的。
79.A)。與前一句相呼應(yīng),前面說“大幅度地削減少,后來,自然是”廢止(abolished)。
80.C)。根據(jù)句意“期望戰(zhàn)后大多數(shù)所雇傭的有小孩的婦女離開她們的工作……。
完形填空題的特點(diǎn)主要有:
1.這項考試首先是測試考生對篇章的理解能力。雖然所給出的文章被抽去了20個詞,但是整篇文章的內(nèi)容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章內(nèi)容,就難以將正確的詞填入文中。這也就是完形填空題與以單句形式考查詞匯和語法的根本區(qū)別。由此可見,考生在做題時必須時刻從上下文考慮,不應(yīng)該只看到所填的詞在短語或句子內(nèi)是否可行。因此,在填空前,將全文通讀一遍,了解了全文的意思以后再做題。
2.這項考試還測試考生使用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。文章中留出的每一個空格要求填入一個詞??荚嚧缶V規(guī)定:“填空的詞項包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)義詞”。結(jié)構(gòu)詞(也稱虛詞,有冠詞、介詞、連詞等)主要是表示語法結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的,在選用結(jié)構(gòu)詞時便需要考慮在語法上是否恰當(dāng)。對實(shí)義詞(名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動詞和副詞)的選擇既要看其意思用在句中是否得當(dāng),也要看它與其他詞的搭配關(guān)系是否合適。
3.首句一般沒有空格。對于首句應(yīng)該給予足夠的重視,因?yàn)樗褪侵行木浠蚴且龑?dǎo)句,它的時態(tài)往往決定了全文的時態(tài)。
通讀全文一遍之后,以句子為單位一句一句地讀,試著一句一句地填空,主要考慮語法、句意、邏輯和上下文聯(lián)系。暫時填不出來的就空在那里。最后再通讀一遍,完成沒有填的空,看看填的順不順,不順的地方大膽修改。
下面以2001年1月六級考試試題中的完形填空為例:
In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 61_______ half of the 19th century; most of 62_______ were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day-nursery movemnet received great 63_______ during the First World War, when 64_______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented(前所未有)numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 65_______ in munitions(軍火)plants, under direct government sponsorship. 66_______ the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 67_______, this was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 68_______, federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 69_______ the day nurseries, chiefly by 70______ them and by……
The 71_______ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 72_______ called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 73_______ the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools. 74_______ school grogram for the children of working monthers. Many States and local communities 75_______ this Federal aid. By the end of war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 76_______ in daycare centers receiving Federal 77_______. Soon afterward, the Federal government 78_______ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 79_______ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 80_______ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
61.A)latter B)lateC)other D)first
62.A)those B)them C)whoseD)im itation
63.A)impetus _ B)input C)im itationD)initiative
64.A)sourcesB)abundance C)shortageD)reduction
65.A)hardlyB)entirely C)onlyD)even
66.A)BecauseB)As C)Since D)Although
67.A)unanim ously B)sharply C)predom inantly D)militantly
68.A)therefore B)consequently C)however D)moreover
69.A)overB)inC)atD)about
70.A)formulatingB)labeling C)patenting D)licensing
71.A)outsetB)outbreak C)breakthrough D)breakdown
72.A)again B)thus C)repeatedlyD)yet
73.A)circumstance B)occasion C)case D)situation
74.A)regulatingB)summoning C)allocating D)transferring
75.A)expandedB)facilitated C)supplemented D)compensated
76.A)by B)after C)ofD)for
77.A)pensionsB)subsidiesC)revenuesD)budgets
78.A)prevalently B)furiously
C)statisticallyD)drastically
79.A)abolishedB)diminished C)jeopardized D)precluded
80.A)nurseriesB)homes C)jobs D)children
「解析」
61.B)。第一家日托所建于1854年,在各地區(qū)建立當(dāng)然是在19世紀(jì)的后半期。
62.B)。most of后面要用人稱代詞。
63.A)。根據(jù)句意“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)對建立日托所的運(yùn)動是個促進(jìn)。
64.C)。根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)時勞動力短缺使得……”。
65.D)。說明托兒所建立的多而廣,“甚至建在軍火工廠里”。
66.D)。分析全句,這是一個讓步狀語從句,故應(yīng)用連詞although.
67.B)。修飾動詞rose的副詞,四個選項中只有sharply(急劇地)合適。
68.C)。本句的語氣上是轉(zhuǎn)折的,要選副詞however.
69.B)?!霸谟變簣@里”介詞應(yīng)該用in.
70.A)。根據(jù)句意“通過規(guī)范(form ulate)和……來管理。
71.B)。根據(jù)句意“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)應(yīng)是”The outbreak of the Second WorldWar。
72.A)。與第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的情況相呼應(yīng),所以要填A(yù))again.
73.B)。選項中的四個名詞,只有occa- sion可以與介詞on搭配,其意義也與句意相吻合。
74.C)。根據(jù)句意“這時,美國政府立即支持保育員學(xué)校,1942年7月?lián)芸?00萬美元……”。
75.C)。根據(jù)句意“許多州和地方社區(qū)對這筆聯(lián)邦政府資助進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充?!?BR> 76.D)。動詞care要與介詞for搭配,表示“照料”的意思。
77.B)。根據(jù)句意“在接受聯(lián)邦津貼的日托中心里。
78.D)。根據(jù)句意“大幅度地削減這筆費(fèi)用,只有副詞drastically是正確的。
79.A)。與前一句相呼應(yīng),前面說“大幅度地削減少,后來,自然是”廢止(abolished)。
80.C)。根據(jù)句意“期望戰(zhàn)后大多數(shù)所雇傭的有小孩的婦女離開她們的工作……。

