6.Banning cigarette advertisements in the mass media will not reduce the number of young people who smoke. They know that cigarettes exist and they know how to get them. They do not need the advertisements to supply that information.
The above argument would be most weakened if which of the following were true?
（A） Seeing or hearing an advertisement for a product tends to increase people's desire for that product.
（B） Banning cigarette advertisements in the mass media will cause an increase in advertisements in places where cigarettes are sold.
（C） Advertisements in the mass media have been an exceedingly large part of the expenditures of the tobacco companies.
（D） Those who oppose cigarette use have advertised against it in the mass media ever since cigarettes were found to be harmful.
（E） Older people tend to be less influenced by mass-media advertisements than younger people tend to be.
7.People tend to estimate the likelihood of an event's occurrence according to its salience; that is, according to how strongly and how often it comes to their attention.By placement and headlines, newspapers emphasize stories about local crime over stories about crime elsewhere and about many other major events.
It can be concluded on the basis of the statements above that, if they are true, which of the following is most probably also true?
（A） The language used in newspaper headlines about local crime is inflammatory and fails to respect the rights of suspects.
（B） The coverage of international events in newspapers is neglected in favor of the coverage of local events.
（C） Readers of local news in newspapers tend to overestimate the amount of crime in their own localities relative to the amount of crime in other places.
（D） None of the events concerning other people that are reported in newspapers is so salient in people's minds as their own personal experiences.
（E） The press is the news medium that focuses people's attention most strongly on local crimes.
8.By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized households, a group of modern urban anthropologists has found that a household discards less food the more standardized—made up of canned and prepackaged foods—its diet is. The more standardized a household's diet is, however, the greater the quantities of fresh produce the household throws away.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
（A） An increasing number of households rely on a highly standardized diet.
（B） The less standardized a household's diet is, the more nonfood waste the household discards.
（C） The less standardized a household's diet is, the smaller is the proportion of fresh produce in the household's food waste.
（D） The less standardized a household's diet is, the more canned and prepackaged foods the household discards as waste
（E） The more fresh produce a household buys, the more fresh produce it throws away.
Questions 9-10 are based on the following.
In the past, teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries were predominantly men; these occupations slipped in pay and status when they became largely occupied by women. Therefore, if women become the majority in currently male-dominated professions like accounting, law, and medicine, the income and prestige of these professions will also drop.
9.The argument above is based on
（A） another argument that contains circular reasoning
（B） an attempt to refute a generalization by means of an exceptional case
（C） an analogy between the past and the future
（D） an appeal to popular beliefs and values
（E） an attack on the character of the opposition
10.Which of the following, if true, would most likely be part of the evidence used to refute the conclusion above?
（A） Accountants, lawyers, and physicians attained their current relatively high levels of income and prestige at about the same time that the pay and status of teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries slipped.
（B） When large numbers of men join a female-dominated occupation, such as airline flight attendant, the status and pay of the occupation tend to increase.
（C） The demand for teachers and secretaries has increased significantly in recent years, while the demand for bank tellers has remained relatively stable.
（D） If present trends in the awarding of law degrees to women continue, it will be at least two decades before the majority of lawyers are women.
（E） The pay and status of female accountants, lawyers, and physicians today are governed by significantly different economic and sociological forces than were the pay and status of female teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries in the past.
The above argument would be most weakened if which of the following were true?
（A） Seeing or hearing an advertisement for a product tends to increase people's desire for that product.
（B） Banning cigarette advertisements in the mass media will cause an increase in advertisements in places where cigarettes are sold.
（C） Advertisements in the mass media have been an exceedingly large part of the expenditures of the tobacco companies.
（D） Those who oppose cigarette use have advertised against it in the mass media ever since cigarettes were found to be harmful.
（E） Older people tend to be less influenced by mass-media advertisements than younger people tend to be.
7.People tend to estimate the likelihood of an event's occurrence according to its salience; that is, according to how strongly and how often it comes to their attention.By placement and headlines, newspapers emphasize stories about local crime over stories about crime elsewhere and about many other major events.
It can be concluded on the basis of the statements above that, if they are true, which of the following is most probably also true?
（A） The language used in newspaper headlines about local crime is inflammatory and fails to respect the rights of suspects.
（B） The coverage of international events in newspapers is neglected in favor of the coverage of local events.
（C） Readers of local news in newspapers tend to overestimate the amount of crime in their own localities relative to the amount of crime in other places.
（D） None of the events concerning other people that are reported in newspapers is so salient in people's minds as their own personal experiences.
（E） The press is the news medium that focuses people's attention most strongly on local crimes.
8.By analyzing the garbage of a large number of average-sized households, a group of modern urban anthropologists has found that a household discards less food the more standardized—made up of canned and prepackaged foods—its diet is. The more standardized a household's diet is, however, the greater the quantities of fresh produce the household throws away.
Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
（A） An increasing number of households rely on a highly standardized diet.
（B） The less standardized a household's diet is, the more nonfood waste the household discards.
（C） The less standardized a household's diet is, the smaller is the proportion of fresh produce in the household's food waste.
（D） The less standardized a household's diet is, the more canned and prepackaged foods the household discards as waste
（E） The more fresh produce a household buys, the more fresh produce it throws away.
Questions 9-10 are based on the following.
In the past, teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries were predominantly men; these occupations slipped in pay and status when they became largely occupied by women. Therefore, if women become the majority in currently male-dominated professions like accounting, law, and medicine, the income and prestige of these professions will also drop.
9.The argument above is based on
（A） another argument that contains circular reasoning
（B） an attempt to refute a generalization by means of an exceptional case
（C） an analogy between the past and the future
（D） an appeal to popular beliefs and values
（E） an attack on the character of the opposition
10.Which of the following, if true, would most likely be part of the evidence used to refute the conclusion above?
（A） Accountants, lawyers, and physicians attained their current relatively high levels of income and prestige at about the same time that the pay and status of teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries slipped.
（B） When large numbers of men join a female-dominated occupation, such as airline flight attendant, the status and pay of the occupation tend to increase.
（C） The demand for teachers and secretaries has increased significantly in recent years, while the demand for bank tellers has remained relatively stable.
（D） If present trends in the awarding of law degrees to women continue, it will be at least two decades before the majority of lawyers are women.
（E） The pay and status of female accountants, lawyers, and physicians today are governed by significantly different economic and sociological forces than were the pay and status of female teachers, bank tellers, and secretaries in the past.