一．撰寫(xiě)作文的步驟
1．總體規(guī)劃
寫(xiě)作猶如蓋房，建筑工人通常在動(dòng)工前手頭都有藍(lán)圖并準(zhǔn)備好了足夠的材料。習(xí)作者也應(yīng)事先有個(gè)規(guī)劃，同時(shí)要收集足夠的資料，然后再下筆。
有了寫(xiě)作題目后，我們應(yīng)首先考慮與題目有關(guān)的各個(gè)方面，隨想隨記，不必在意先后次序。與此同時(shí)，還要想想文章選什么主題為好。主題確定后，要重新審查列好的清單，刪去與之無(wú)關(guān)或意義不大的細(xì)目，然后把剩下的順序重新排列，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)提綱。
比如說(shuō)作文題目是《校圖書(shū)館》，大家可能首先想到并寫(xiě)出以下幾條：
A large number of useful books
All kinds of dictionaries and reference books
The reading-rooms spacious and quiet
Newspapers and magazines
The librarians patient and helpful
Closed on Sundays and holidays
Very crowded in the evening
Students leave books on chairs to reserve seats
Very few newspapers from abroad
Students are not allowed to take schoolbags into the First Reading-Room
Seniors would not be able to write their graduation papers without using the library
Teachers go to the library frequently
…
作文的主題可能是：
（1） The library is a nice place to work in.
（2） The library plays a very important part in a student's life.
（3） The work of the library needs improvement.
如果我們選定（2）為主題，在重新審查上面的清單時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有的細(xì)目與主題無(wú)關(guān)或不十分重要，刪去這些部分后，就可以準(zhǔn)備提綱了：
題目：The School Library
主題：The library plays a very important part in a student's life.
提綱：
I.A student has to borrow books from the library.
A.He needs reference books for his elective courses.
B.He may want to read novels, stories and plays.
II.He reads newspapers and magazines in the library.
A.Many new magazines are on display in the First Reading-Room.
B.There are newspapers from all provinces.
C.Back numbers may be borrowed at the counter.
III.He needs the library all the more in his junior and senior years.
A.The library provides him with books for his research.
B.He would not be able to write his graduation paper without using the library.
請(qǐng)描寫(xiě)某人，他/她可能是：
一本書(shū)、一部電影或一個(gè)電視節(jié)目中的人物，也可以是你自己。
字?jǐn)?shù)不限，請(qǐng)按照本期的方法來(lái)構(gòu)思提綱完成作文。
Today's Recommend：
I want to speak up for mothers who are fighting for good schools, safe neighborhoods, clean air, and clean airwaves; for older women, some of them widows, who have raised their families and now find their skills and life experiences are not valued in the workplace; for women who are working all night as nurses, hotel clerks, and fast food cooks so that they can be at home during the day with their kids; and for women everywhere who simply don抰 have time to do everything they are called upon to do each day.
Speaking to you today, I speak for them, just as each of us speaks for women around the world who are denied the chance to go to school, or see a doctor, or own property, or have a say about the direction of their lives, simply because they are women. The truth is that most women around the world work both inside and outside the home, usually by necessity.
--Hillary Rodham Clinton
2. 提綱類(lèi)型
上一期的提綱將作文的中心思想分成若干部分，每一部分由若干段落組成。英文提綱一般按羅馬數(shù)字、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字以及英文字母排列：
主題（中心思想）
I．簡(jiǎn)介
II．主要觀點(diǎn)
A．從屬觀點(diǎn)
B．從屬觀點(diǎn)
1.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
2.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
a.實(shí)例1
b.實(shí)例2
III．主要觀點(diǎn)
A．從屬觀點(diǎn)
B．從屬觀點(diǎn)
1.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
2.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
3.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
C．從屬觀點(diǎn)
IV．結(jié)論
常見(jiàn)的提綱有兩種：題目式提綱和句子式提綱。題目式提綱由名詞及其修飾語(yǔ)組成，或由與名詞作用相當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)組成；句子式提綱則由完整的句子組成。前者簡(jiǎn)單明了，后者比較詳細(xì)。
另外，寫(xiě)提綱時(shí)以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：
（1）不要列單一的分項(xiàng)。如果提綱中有"I"，則下面至少還有"II"；如果有"A"，則必有"B"，以此類(lèi)推。
（2）不要混合使用兩種提綱。在同一提綱中不要既用短語(yǔ)又用句子。
（3）同一等級(jí)的標(biāo)題要用相同的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。大標(biāo)題下的小標(biāo)題不但應(yīng)該同等重要，而且要與大標(biāo)題有關(guān)聯(lián)，并按邏輯順序排列。
（4）主題應(yīng)該用完整句；用肯定陳述句而不是疑問(wèn)句，也不要用短語(yǔ)或從句。
Today's Recommend：
One day thirty years ago Marseilles lay in the burning sun. A blazing sun upon a fierce August day was no greater rarity in southern France than at any other time before or since. Everything in Marseilles and about Marseilles had stared at the fervid sun, and been stared at in return, until a staring habit had become universal there. Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt away. The only things to be seen not fixedly staring and glaring were the vines drooping under their loads of grapes. These did occasionally wind a little, as the hot air barely moved their faint leaves.
--節(jié)選自Charles Dickens A Summer Day
1．總體規(guī)劃
寫(xiě)作猶如蓋房，建筑工人通常在動(dòng)工前手頭都有藍(lán)圖并準(zhǔn)備好了足夠的材料。習(xí)作者也應(yīng)事先有個(gè)規(guī)劃，同時(shí)要收集足夠的資料，然后再下筆。
有了寫(xiě)作題目后，我們應(yīng)首先考慮與題目有關(guān)的各個(gè)方面，隨想隨記，不必在意先后次序。與此同時(shí)，還要想想文章選什么主題為好。主題確定后，要重新審查列好的清單，刪去與之無(wú)關(guān)或意義不大的細(xì)目，然后把剩下的順序重新排列，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)提綱。
比如說(shuō)作文題目是《校圖書(shū)館》，大家可能首先想到并寫(xiě)出以下幾條：
A large number of useful books
All kinds of dictionaries and reference books
The reading-rooms spacious and quiet
Newspapers and magazines
The librarians patient and helpful
Closed on Sundays and holidays
Very crowded in the evening
Students leave books on chairs to reserve seats
Very few newspapers from abroad
Students are not allowed to take schoolbags into the First Reading-Room
Seniors would not be able to write their graduation papers without using the library
Teachers go to the library frequently
…
作文的主題可能是：
（1） The library is a nice place to work in.
（2） The library plays a very important part in a student's life.
（3） The work of the library needs improvement.
如果我們選定（2）為主題，在重新審查上面的清單時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有的細(xì)目與主題無(wú)關(guān)或不十分重要，刪去這些部分后，就可以準(zhǔn)備提綱了：
題目：The School Library
主題：The library plays a very important part in a student's life.
提綱：
I.A student has to borrow books from the library.
A.He needs reference books for his elective courses.
B.He may want to read novels, stories and plays.
II.He reads newspapers and magazines in the library.
A.Many new magazines are on display in the First Reading-Room.
B.There are newspapers from all provinces.
C.Back numbers may be borrowed at the counter.
III.He needs the library all the more in his junior and senior years.
A.The library provides him with books for his research.
B.He would not be able to write his graduation paper without using the library.
請(qǐng)描寫(xiě)某人，他/她可能是：
一本書(shū)、一部電影或一個(gè)電視節(jié)目中的人物，也可以是你自己。
字?jǐn)?shù)不限，請(qǐng)按照本期的方法來(lái)構(gòu)思提綱完成作文。
Today's Recommend：
I want to speak up for mothers who are fighting for good schools, safe neighborhoods, clean air, and clean airwaves; for older women, some of them widows, who have raised their families and now find their skills and life experiences are not valued in the workplace; for women who are working all night as nurses, hotel clerks, and fast food cooks so that they can be at home during the day with their kids; and for women everywhere who simply don抰 have time to do everything they are called upon to do each day.
Speaking to you today, I speak for them, just as each of us speaks for women around the world who are denied the chance to go to school, or see a doctor, or own property, or have a say about the direction of their lives, simply because they are women. The truth is that most women around the world work both inside and outside the home, usually by necessity.
--Hillary Rodham Clinton
2. 提綱類(lèi)型
上一期的提綱將作文的中心思想分成若干部分，每一部分由若干段落組成。英文提綱一般按羅馬數(shù)字、阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字以及英文字母排列：
主題（中心思想）
I．簡(jiǎn)介
II．主要觀點(diǎn)
A．從屬觀點(diǎn)
B．從屬觀點(diǎn)
1.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
2.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
a.實(shí)例1
b.實(shí)例2
III．主要觀點(diǎn)
A．從屬觀點(diǎn)
B．從屬觀點(diǎn)
1.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
2.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
3.闡明觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)
C．從屬觀點(diǎn)
IV．結(jié)論
常見(jiàn)的提綱有兩種：題目式提綱和句子式提綱。題目式提綱由名詞及其修飾語(yǔ)組成，或由與名詞作用相當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)組成；句子式提綱則由完整的句子組成。前者簡(jiǎn)單明了，后者比較詳細(xì)。
另外，寫(xiě)提綱時(shí)以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：
（1）不要列單一的分項(xiàng)。如果提綱中有"I"，則下面至少還有"II"；如果有"A"，則必有"B"，以此類(lèi)推。
（2）不要混合使用兩種提綱。在同一提綱中不要既用短語(yǔ)又用句子。
（3）同一等級(jí)的標(biāo)題要用相同的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。大標(biāo)題下的小標(biāo)題不但應(yīng)該同等重要，而且要與大標(biāo)題有關(guān)聯(lián)，并按邏輯順序排列。
（4）主題應(yīng)該用完整句；用肯定陳述句而不是疑問(wèn)句，也不要用短語(yǔ)或從句。
Today's Recommend：
One day thirty years ago Marseilles lay in the burning sun. A blazing sun upon a fierce August day was no greater rarity in southern France than at any other time before or since. Everything in Marseilles and about Marseilles had stared at the fervid sun, and been stared at in return, until a staring habit had become universal there. Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt away. The only things to be seen not fixedly staring and glaring were the vines drooping under their loads of grapes. These did occasionally wind a little, as the hot air barely moved their faint leaves.
--節(jié)選自Charles Dickens A Summer Day