can(not) be V-ed by ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+can(not)be +過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰將主動(dòng)句中的<助動(dòng)詞>(can,must…)照抄,后面加上 be+過去<分詞>,即構(gòu)成含有<助動(dòng)詞>的被動(dòng)句。
That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一課無(wú)法為許多學(xué)生所理解。
The question can not be answered by many people. 這一問題無(wú)法被許多人回答。
His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的筆跡無(wú)法被他本人所辨認(rèn)。
…… V + V-ing ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+動(dòng)詞+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞)
說明︰英文中,若兩個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>在一起而無(wú)<連接詞>加以連接,所表示的動(dòng)作又是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,則第二個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>要變成現(xiàn)在<分詞>;若第二個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>是be<動(dòng)詞>時(shí),應(yīng)變成現(xiàn)在<分詞> being,但 being通常予以省略。
We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我們坐著傾聽海浪的聲音。
The dog lay dozing in front of the door. 小狗躺在門前打盹兒。
She stood there (being) motionless. 她站在那兒,一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。
He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him.
他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什么事不對(duì)勁。
I stand looking over the lake. 我站著展望湖面。
Some leaves went flying into my room. 幾片葉子飛著進(jìn)入我的房間。
…… V-ing/V-ed + N ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰…現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞+名詞(或名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)
說明︰這是<分詞>做<名詞>之修飾語(yǔ)的用法,該<分詞>修飾其前或后緊臨之<名詞>;<名詞>之前有其它單字或<詞組>跟隨時(shí),<分詞>通常放在<名詞>后面。
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
The girl standing in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的侄女。
There were no printed books in those days. 當(dāng)時(shí)沒有印刷的書籍。
This is a play written by an American author. 這是美國(guó)作家寫的劇本。
The prisoners closely guarded escaped from the prison last night.
被嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視的這些囚犯昨夜越獄了。
I looked painfully at the vase broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看著這個(gè)破得粉碎的花瓶。
It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
要射中飛行中的小鳥,尤其是高空飛行的小鳥,非常困難。
Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles.
我們很快就來到一條很寬、很吵雜,各種車輛來往行駛的大馬路上。
feel/make …… V-ing/V-ed
結(jié)構(gòu)︰keep/make/hear 等+受詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞
說明︰<動(dòng)詞> keep,find 或<使役動(dòng)詞> make,let,get 等,以及<感官動(dòng)詞> hear,see,watch,feel 等后的<受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)>若強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的概念,且有主動(dòng)意味時(shí),以現(xiàn)在<分詞>表示;若有被動(dòng)意味時(shí),則以“being+過去<分詞>”表示,均譯成“正在…”。若要強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)且已發(fā)生的概念,則用過去<分詞>做<補(bǔ)語(yǔ)>,譯成“被…”。
At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.后,我終于成功地讓我的車子慢慢移動(dòng)。
We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我們看見他在為屋子四周的草坪澆水。
Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你聽過用法語(yǔ)唱的這場(chǎng)歌劇嗎?
I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感覺到有什么東西爬上我的手臂。
I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老師處罰。
I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那個(gè)男孩被抬去醫(yī)院。
I found the work being done in a rush. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件作品正倉(cāng)促地被完成。
…… get(s) V-ed/ADJ
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞(某人)+get(s)+過去分詞(或形容詞)…。
說明︰此句型意為“某人變成…”。get+<形容詞>(過去<分詞>)的常見用例有:get old(年紀(jì)大), get hungry(肚子餓),get angry(生氣),get sick(生?。?,get fat(發(fā)胖), get tired(疲倦),get lost(迷路),get confused(困惑),get hurt(受傷), get excited(興奮),get ready(準(zhǔn)備好)。
John got lost. 約翰迷路了。
Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 瑪麗厭倦穿紅色衣服。
The question is so hard, and we're getting confused. 這問題太難,我們感到困惑。
…… have/get sth. done
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+have/get/make+受詞+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“把…(辦完)”。make 之后的<受詞>習(xí)慣上是“人”而非“物”;但 have 和 get 后的<受詞>在此 <句型>中是“物”,有“叫別人代勞”的意味,即做事的人并非<主詞>,而是別人。
Be sure to get the work finished before six o'clock. 務(wù)必在六點(diǎn)之前把工作完成。
Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成綠色嗎?
I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把這些鞋子修補(bǔ)一下。
He has been unable to raise enough money to have the big clock repaired.
他一直無(wú)法籌募到足夠的錢來把這個(gè)大鐘修理好。
I'll have it sent right away. 我會(huì)立刻把它(拍送)出去。
Have it charged to my credit card. 把它記在我的信用卡的賬號(hào)里。
I cannot make myself understood in English.
我無(wú)法用英文使自己被人了解。(我無(wú)法用英文把我的意思講清楚。)
I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.)
我把牙拔了。(我是叫醫(yī)生拔的。)
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+can(not)be +過去分詞+by+受詞…。
說明︰將主動(dòng)句中的<助動(dòng)詞>(can,must…)照抄,后面加上 be+過去<分詞>,即構(gòu)成含有<助動(dòng)詞>的被動(dòng)句。
That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一課無(wú)法為許多學(xué)生所理解。
The question can not be answered by many people. 這一問題無(wú)法被許多人回答。
His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的筆跡無(wú)法被他本人所辨認(rèn)。
…… V + V-ing ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+動(dòng)詞+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(現(xiàn)在分詞)
說明︰英文中,若兩個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>在一起而無(wú)<連接詞>加以連接,所表示的動(dòng)作又是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,則第二個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>要變成現(xiàn)在<分詞>;若第二個(gè)<動(dòng)詞>是be<動(dòng)詞>時(shí),應(yīng)變成現(xiàn)在<分詞> being,但 being通常予以省略。
We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我們坐著傾聽海浪的聲音。
The dog lay dozing in front of the door. 小狗躺在門前打盹兒。
She stood there (being) motionless. 她站在那兒,一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)。
He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him.
他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什么事不對(duì)勁。
I stand looking over the lake. 我站著展望湖面。
Some leaves went flying into my room. 幾片葉子飛著進(jìn)入我的房間。
…… V-ing/V-ed + N ……
結(jié)構(gòu)︰…現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞+名詞(或名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)
說明︰這是<分詞>做<名詞>之修飾語(yǔ)的用法,該<分詞>修飾其前或后緊臨之<名詞>;<名詞>之前有其它單字或<詞組>跟隨時(shí),<分詞>通常放在<名詞>后面。
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
The girl standing in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的侄女。
There were no printed books in those days. 當(dāng)時(shí)沒有印刷的書籍。
This is a play written by an American author. 這是美國(guó)作家寫的劇本。
The prisoners closely guarded escaped from the prison last night.
被嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視的這些囚犯昨夜越獄了。
I looked painfully at the vase broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看著這個(gè)破得粉碎的花瓶。
It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
要射中飛行中的小鳥,尤其是高空飛行的小鳥,非常困難。
Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles.
我們很快就來到一條很寬、很吵雜,各種車輛來往行駛的大馬路上。
feel/make …… V-ing/V-ed
結(jié)構(gòu)︰keep/make/hear 等+受詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞
說明︰<動(dòng)詞> keep,find 或<使役動(dòng)詞> make,let,get 等,以及<感官動(dòng)詞> hear,see,watch,feel 等后的<受詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)>若強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的概念,且有主動(dòng)意味時(shí),以現(xiàn)在<分詞>表示;若有被動(dòng)意味時(shí),則以“being+過去<分詞>”表示,均譯成“正在…”。若要強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)且已發(fā)生的概念,則用過去<分詞>做<補(bǔ)語(yǔ)>,譯成“被…”。
At last I succeeded in getting my car moving slowly.后,我終于成功地讓我的車子慢慢移動(dòng)。
We saw him watering the lawn around the house. 我們看見他在為屋子四周的草坪澆水。
Have you heard the opera sung in French? 你聽過用法語(yǔ)唱的這場(chǎng)歌劇嗎?
I felt something crawling up my arm. 我感覺到有什么東西爬上我的手臂。
I saw him being punished by the teacher. 我看到他正被老師處罰。
I saw the boy carried away to the hospital. 我看到那個(gè)男孩被抬去醫(yī)院。
I found the work being done in a rush. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這件作品正倉(cāng)促地被完成。
…… get(s) V-ed/ADJ
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞(某人)+get(s)+過去分詞(或形容詞)…。
說明︰此句型意為“某人變成…”。get+<形容詞>(過去<分詞>)的常見用例有:get old(年紀(jì)大), get hungry(肚子餓),get angry(生氣),get sick(生?。?,get fat(發(fā)胖), get tired(疲倦),get lost(迷路),get confused(困惑),get hurt(受傷), get excited(興奮),get ready(準(zhǔn)備好)。
John got lost. 約翰迷路了。
Mary gets tired of wearing red dresses. 瑪麗厭倦穿紅色衣服。
The question is so hard, and we're getting confused. 這問題太難,我們感到困惑。
…… have/get sth. done
結(jié)構(gòu)︰主詞+have/get/make+受詞+過去分詞
說明︰此句型意為“把…(辦完)”。make 之后的<受詞>習(xí)慣上是“人”而非“物”;但 have 和 get 后的<受詞>在此 <句型>中是“物”,有“叫別人代勞”的意味,即做事的人并非<主詞>,而是別人。
Be sure to get the work finished before six o'clock. 務(wù)必在六點(diǎn)之前把工作完成。
Are you going to get the house painted green? 你打算要把房子漆成綠色嗎?
I want to get/have these shoes mended. 我想把這些鞋子修補(bǔ)一下。
He has been unable to raise enough money to have the big clock repaired.
他一直無(wú)法籌募到足夠的錢來把這個(gè)大鐘修理好。
I'll have it sent right away. 我會(huì)立刻把它(拍送)出去。
Have it charged to my credit card. 把它記在我的信用卡的賬號(hào)里。
I cannot make myself understood in English.
我無(wú)法用英文使自己被人了解。(我無(wú)法用英文把我的意思講清楚。)
I had my tooth extracted. (=I had the dentist extract my tooth.)
我把牙拔了。(我是叫醫(yī)生拔的。)