用好轉(zhuǎn)折詞(transitional words)的重要角色

字號(hào):

“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
     上面這句話不錯(cuò),只是轉(zhuǎn)折詞“for example”不妥當(dāng);應(yīng)該這樣:
     “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
     不然就要換一換轉(zhuǎn)折詞,改用“such as”或“l(fā)ike”:
     “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”
     不管任何語(yǔ)言,轉(zhuǎn)折詞(transitional words)都扮演著一個(gè)重要角色,就是:承先啟后,使句子緊湊,段落相吸,對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu),有良性作用。但是有些人幾乎沒有采用轉(zhuǎn)折詞的習(xí)慣,結(jié)果文句松散,上下文七零八亂,應(yīng)該避免。
     現(xiàn)在把主要轉(zhuǎn)折詞,分類列下,供大家參考。
     Ⅰ表示“尤有進(jìn)者”的意思:
     Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
     ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
     ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
     Ⅱ表示“反意見”:
     But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
     ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
     ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
     Ⅲ表示“困果關(guān)系”:
     Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
     ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.
     ⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
     Ⅳ表示“比較關(guān)系”:
     Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
     ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
     ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
     Ⅴ表示“舉例示范”:
     For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
     ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
     Ⅵ表示“結(jié)束”:
     To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
     ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.