CET4課堂——詞匯課程復(fù)習(xí)筆記

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    CET4(2004)詞匯 第1課
    詞匯錯6個以內(nèi)
    Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon.目標(biāo)定的高一點(diǎn)有好處
    4200單詞要求對于4級考試,高三畢業(yè)是1800個單詞
    我喜歡這里: I like here. Right: I like it here.
    注意生活中的英語:Nike勝利女神,名字起的不錯
    答案總在相似中,如果有三個一樣,基本上就在其中了
    consequently, constantly, continuously, consistently
    constant temperature 恒溫
    constant policy一貫的政策
    heavy rain, light rain
    E.g.: I hate people who ()the end of a film that you haven't seen before. (15)
    revise, reveal(選), rewrite, reverse
    E.g.: There were no tickets () for Friday’s performance.(1)
    preferable, possible, considerable, available.(選)
    E.g.: It is our () policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means (55)
    consistent, considerate, constant(選)
    2。構(gòu)詞法:
    ly不全是形容詞 friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively
    否定前綴 un- dis- in- im-
    take a liking for喜歡,對什么產(chǎn)生好感
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第2課
    3。近意詞:
    E.g.: There were some (artificial) flowers on the table, (5)
    unreal 不真實(shí)的(不是真實(shí)世界所有的,虛幻的)
    false有欺騙性的,假的,偽造的
    false coin/passport false hair a false tooth
    ends justify means不擇手段
    unnatural不自然的,人的舉止造作的
    artificial人造人為 artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather
    E.g.: When people become unemployed, it is () which is often worse than lack of wages. (52)
    laziness, idleness(選), poverty, inability
    E.g.: A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough
    nuisance, worry, trouble, anxiety???????????
    4搭配關(guān)系:
    extent to... extent
    object, object to doing, objection to doing
    5形相近,意思遠(yuǎn)
    In Britain, the best season of the year is probably () spring
    Late, latter, last, later時間概念上后一半的,某個世紀(jì)的后半期
    late spring晚春
    E.g.: Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful () in the market (52)
    batteries baskets bargains(選) barrels
    It is really a bargain.你真會買東西,不是說真便宜
    He is second to none.第一
    It wasn't such a good dinner () she had promised us.
    That, as, which, what 選as
    雙賓語動詞
    v+sb+sth
    sb+be+pp+sth
    sb+be()+sth空格為雙賓語動詞
    E.g.: American women were () the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. (6)
    ignored refused neglected denied選D deny sb sth
    superman batman
    superwomen大款,只排50,后來排到500,為了人際關(guān)系
    E.g.: all () is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life
    what is needed, the thing needed, for our needs, that is needed(選)
    all后面用that, all that=what
    They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health。
    specialist 和 expert 有區(qū)別
    E.g.: He must have had an accident, or he () then.(2)
    would have been here(選), should be here, had to be here, would be here
    must have+pp表示對過去行為的肯定推測
    與過去事態(tài)相反用:情態(tài)動詞+have+pp選A
    must 反意needn't, don't have to
    shouldn't have done本不應(yīng)該,本不應(yīng)當(dāng)
    It was essential that the applications forms (send) back before the deadline. (2)
    it be essential that 后面用虛擬語氣,(should)+do
    We () our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
    just have had, just had, have just had, had just had
    when表示剛。。就。。;恰在此時;當(dāng)
    P16-44,P28-45
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第3課
    特殊動詞
    forget remember
    to do 將要進(jìn)行的行為 忘記做什么事情
    doing已經(jīng)做過的事情 忘記做過什么事情
    offer: 雙賓語offer sb.sth, offer to do sth
    動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):凡是動詞后面可以加動名詞,就可以加動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動作發(fā)出者+動名詞
    當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者名字給出時:名詞所有格+動名詞
    當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者重復(fù)提過用代詞的時候,形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+動名詞
    所以e.g.: I remember () to help us if we ever got into trouble。 (10)
    once offering, him to offer, him once offering
    want: want to do sth想做什么事情
    want doing客觀需要或缺乏
    E.g.: your hair wants () you'd better have it done tomorrow. (17)
    cut, to cut, cutting, being cut.選cutting
    want doing 一般表示被動doing.P109-18
    mean: mean to do sth打算做什么事情
    mean doing 意味著;。。。的意思是。。。P98-337
    E.g.: there's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means () trouble (33)
    making, to have made, to make, having made
    感官動詞watch, see, hear +n(代詞)+done/doing
    E.g.: the children went there to watch the iron tower ()(2)
    to erect, erecting, be erected, being erected (XUAN)
    give up放棄, give in屈服,讓步 give away泄露,走漏風(fēng)聲;新郎的父親把新娘手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品 give off釋放,放出(煙和氣體)
    keep sb+分詞
    inform sb of sth通知人事情
    fight with sb, I fight with him和他打起來了, I fight with him against her.我和他并肩對付她
    fight with a gun用槍打,
    fight for為什么而戰(zhàn)
    all in all總而言之: in a word, in short, in conclusion, to sum up.
    above all首先,尤其是
    after all 畢竟終究
    overall全面的,總體的
    now that既然,由于, in that因?yàn)? except that除。。。之外
    regret doing后悔做過某事,(只要是過去的一般都用這個)regret to do sth遺憾的做某事
    carry on堅持,繼續(xù)
    is supposed to do sth應(yīng)該做什么事情
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第4課
    increase to 80 percent增加到80%
    increase by 60 percent增加了80%
    take over接管接收, hand over移交,交出
    get over克服,戰(zhàn)勝。
    once more再來一個(不正式) vravo再來一個(正式)法語
    as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從局與主句時態(tài)搭配可以都用一般過去時
    at heart 在內(nèi)心 by nature生性,天性使然
    confess懺悔,confess to承認(rèn),坦白
    permit sb to do sth.permit doing
    suggestion, suggest用虛擬語氣
    suggest doing也可以
    sign, fact, evidence同謂語
    or else否則,要不然
    in the face of 面隊
    in the time of在,時期
    in the event of萬一 ,如果,
    in the course of 在什么期間
    would rather+v(原)
    would rather+句子(虛擬語氣,句子謂語用一般過去時)
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第5課
    倒裝
    倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝:
    謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。
    謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝
    謂語的一部分指:
    1。系動詞;2。助動詞。3。情態(tài)動詞
    全部倒裝原則:
    1. There be句型
    2. There, now開頭的句子,且句子謂語動詞為come或go
    3. Here be
    4.以副詞out in up down away開頭的句子
    例外:如果句子的主語是代詞就用陳述語句
    there you go again你又去那里了?Here you are.
    5。狀語開頭的句子(地點(diǎn)狀語)
    部分倒裝
    1。so放在句首表示成前肯定。這個句子用部分倒裝, nor neither也用部分倒裝
    2。省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從局,可以把從局中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個提到從局的前面構(gòu)成部分倒裝
    3。as, though盡管的時候引導(dǎo)從局,從局中的表語可以放在引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。(考過去分詞做表語的形式)
    4。() as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (26)
    being published, publishing, published, to be published
    當(dāng)提干是as引導(dǎo)一個從局,且as前為一個空格他表示的就是盡管,空格出填表語
    正常語序,as it is published....
    4.表示否定含義的單詞或者短語放在句首,用部分倒裝
    never, little, few, hardly (when), scarcely (when)
    seldom, nowhere, in no way決不, on no account決不, under no circumstances在任何情況下都不
    5。only +狀語放在句首,用部分倒裝
    E.g.: only under special circumstances () to take make-up tests (16)
    permitted are freshmen, freshmen are permitted, are freshmen permitted(選), are permitted freshmen.
    6.固定表達(dá)形式,come what may無論什么情況, 
            say what you will暢所欲言
    強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容:強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象概念,比如說是強(qiáng)調(diào)詞是疑問詞
    E.g.: when I try to understand () that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. (39)
    why it does, what it does, what it is, why it is
    強(qiáng)調(diào)部分it is what that prevents so many
    疑問what is it that prevents so....
    appreciate 不能加句子,不能加動詞原形
    take sth into account考慮
    take away, take up占據(jù), take over, take in
    got over it克服戰(zhàn)勝, get off, get away, get across
    rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏
    E.g.: San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles rarely is (6)
    see to負(fù)責(zé)做,處理,照料(某見事情,不接人)
    be ashamed of不好意思的,羞愧的
    do you supposed常做插入語
    as for關(guān)于,至于
    E.g.: five minutes earlier, ()we could have caught the last train (8)
    and,表示結(jié)果,那么
    只有兩種情況,1。省略句+and+句子(如題)
           2。祈使句+and+句子
    E.g.: turn on the television or open a magazine and you () advertisements showing happy balanced families. (12)
    Are often seeing, will often see, often see, have often seen
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第6課
    E.g.: 45.By the end of this month, we surely () a satisfactory solution to the problem. (8)
    have found, will be finding, will have found, are finding
    如果一個句子的時間狀語由by引導(dǎo),時態(tài)用完成時態(tài)
    solution to a problem
    take on responsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任
    E.g.: we desire that the tour leader () us immediately of any change in plans. (9)
    inform, informs, informed, has informed
    desire要求,表示后面用虛擬語氣should+原形動詞
    not surprisingly一點(diǎn)也不奇怪
    vary from ...to.../between.... to...
    E.g.: 50. It was a long time (before) the guards discovered what had happened (9)
    P13-54
    keep a watchful eye 密切主意,留神
    far more than不只,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)是
    turn up 沒有接?xùn)|西,出現(xiàn),如果有東西表示調(diào)聲音
    turn in+賓語,上繳
    turn out to be結(jié)果是
    the sun rises in the east and sets in the west東升西落
    as, which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,
    which 只能放在該句后面,as可以前后都能放
    P11-67 (AS) is known to the world, Mark Twain is....
    at monthly/regular intervals
    P33-23
    be of具有某種性質(zhì),品質(zhì)特點(diǎn) she is more of a musician than her brother
    take steps,take measures采取措施,采取行動
    if only如果,要是...就好了,后面接的句子要用虛擬語氣
    1。如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾矗^語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣,也可以用would+動詞原形P35-17
    2。如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反,位于用過去完成時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    RECOMMEND推薦建議,用虛擬語氣
    wish 后面用虛擬語氣,表示與過去相反用情態(tài)動詞+have+動詞過去分詞
    E.g: 45 I wish I () longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. (12)
    have slept, slept, might have slept, could have slept(選)
    otherwise, or等表示否則后面用虛擬語氣
    E.g.: 46 we didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we () him. (12)
    had telephoned, must have telephoned, would telephone, would have telephoned (xuan)
    介詞+which+動詞不定式,整體做定語
    E.g: 50 you will want two trees about ten feet apart, from () to suspend your tent. (12)
    there, them, where, which (選)
    可改寫為you will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.
    只要有介詞擺在空格之前,選項(xiàng)是which, them ,there ,where肯定是which
    many沒有修飾其他詞的時候單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)表示很多人
    until recently知道近
    under threat (P13)
    that可以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但只做引導(dǎo)詞不做任何成分
    英語中一個名詞修飾另外一個名詞第一個名詞要用單數(shù)apple trees eye drops
    幾個詞修飾同一個名詞的時候順序是:
    1.定慣詞the放在前面
    2.數(shù)詞第二
    3.后考慮其他形容詞
    E.g: 57. Radio, television and press () of conveying news and information. (13)
    are the most three common means
    are the three most common means(選)
    are the most common three means
    are three the most common means
    break out the fire發(fā)生火災(zāi),爆發(fā)
    make up for彌補(bǔ)
    go after追求,設(shè)法得到
    go into談?wù)摚瑪⑹?BR>    go for襲擊;支持
    go on繼續(xù)P13-61
    out of reach/ within reach
    look 主觀有意識的看,view風(fēng)景,景色;視野
    sight看見,不強(qiáng)調(diào)主客觀
    tame馴服
    breed強(qiáng)調(diào)繁殖,側(cè)重大批量繁殖
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第7課
    主謂一致:
    1.就近原則:or, either or, neither nor, not only but also, not but
    疑問句情況:
    E.g: 10 (Is) either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?
    are, where, is ,does,離的近
    2.句子謂語動詞一定用復(fù)數(shù):
    A。集合名詞做主語,集合名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,因?yàn)樗旧砭褪且粋€復(fù)數(shù)概念(people, police, cattle, poultry)
    B。表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞+不可數(shù)名詞,整體做主語時
    E.g.: Eight million tons of coal were exported.
    3.謂語動詞用單數(shù)
    A。句子的主語是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)摹釉~不定式、動名詞短語
    B。表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面做主語
    C。表示單數(shù)概念主語,短語,(謂語動詞)此時謂語動詞用單數(shù)
    其中短語=當(dāng)如下標(biāo)志性介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)的時候可以不管其中的內(nèi)容(with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as)
    注意:表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語,短語,謂語動詞,此時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
    D。each, every, either, some, any, no由這些詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語時,謂語用單數(shù)
    復(fù)合代詞:something, somebody, someone
    nothing, nobody, no one
    either of+短語
    E。通常由and連接兩部分用這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù),但在以下兩種情況下用單數(shù)
    and兩部分指同一事物
    and兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個修飾的時候
    E.g.: Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.
    F。 E.g.: 11.Many an airplane () in the exhibition (113)
    are shown, has been shown(選), has shown, show them
    many a(an)=many+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)做主語,謂語用單數(shù)
    combination to the safe保險箱密碼
    securities有價證券
    tourist attraction旅游勝地
    blind date兩人第見面的約會
    date表示異性之間的私人約會
    you've got a mail一個外文書,一個玫瑰化,以前是用人民日報
    mind 后加動名詞
    New World美洲大陸
    E.g.: The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience () on benches, chairs or boxes. (54)
    having, seated選, seating, seated, having been seated
    seat 是及物動詞,后面要有賓語,所以這個題后面沒有賓語,只能是被動
    英國人不砍價,美國人砍價,中國人砍的兇
    有個人在國外買的一套餐具,2000美金,有點(diǎn)小資,傳說是什么宮里的
    wear是不及物動詞,沒有被動
    transform, transport, transfer, transmit,transplant
    E.g.: Some diseases are transmitted by certain water animals. (55)傳播
    would rather+v原形
    would rather+句子(句子謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣)
    E.g.: 49. Wouldn’t you rather your child () to bed early (55)
    go , went(選), would go, goes
    lasting impression永久的,持久的,不能是long impression
    liberal 開朗的,心胸開闊的
    insist on.../ insist that (虛擬語氣,should+v.)
    E.g: 53. We agree to accept () they thought was the best tourist guide (55)
    whatever, whomever, whichever, whoever(選)
    they thought是插入語,可以不看
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第8課
    conflict沖突
    relative merits相比較而言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
    E.g.: 56. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful () it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors. (56)
    by which, to which, in that(選), so that.句子的意思是:如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。
    E.g.57. He is () about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. (56)
    optimistic(選), optional , outstanding, obvious
    optional courses選修課
    outstanding-stand out,站起來,所以outstanding就是站出來的,突出的,優(yōu)秀的
    E.g.58. Sometimes I wish I () in a different time and a different place. (56)
    be living, were living(選), would live, would have lived
    wish 后用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,wish后用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    E.g.59. The director was critical () the way we were doing the work. (56)
    at, in, of(選),with
    be critical of 對...愛挑剔的,批評
    E.g. In a sudden () of anger, the man tore up everything within reach. (56)
    attack, burst(選), split, blast
    burst可以與很多詞搭配表示突然發(fā)作
    1。能與人的情緒。2。能與掌聲,笑聲搭配
    E.g.61。() she realized it was too late to go home.(56)
    no sooner it grew dark than, no sooner 在句首要用部分倒裝
    hardly did it grow dark that, hardly...when搭配
    scarcely had it grown dark than, scarcely與when搭配
    it was not until dark that(排除剩下,選)
    E.g.62。In Britain people () four million tons of potatoes every year. (56)
    swallow, dispose, consume, exhaust
    dispose去掉,處理,安排
    exhaust將資源消耗殆盡,
    E.g.65. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it () enough to eat. (56)
    mild, slight, light, tender(選)
    mild不辣的, hot辣的, extra hot極辣的。
    light清淡的,容易消化的;點(diǎn)心松軟的, muffin松餅,英國人喜歡吃,叫賣口號“muffin, lovely muffin, light muffin”
    slight輕微的,少量的
    tender肉嫩的
    牛排steak[steik], rare三成熟(里面帶血絲的), 牙口得好;medium(媒體)七成熟的;well-done全熟的;medium rare五成熟
    E.g.66. We take our skin for granted until it is burned () repair (57)
    take sth. for granted把什么事當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然的不重視
    beyond(選),for, without, under
    certainly當(dāng)然的,確定無疑的(主觀思想濃)
    insignificantly沒有意義的,無足輕重的
    comparatively
    fundamentally根本的
    for the sake of為了什么;為了什么的利益
    E.g.70。Some women () a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. (57)
    must make, should have made, would make, could have made(選)
    與過去事實(shí)相反用:情態(tài)動詞+have+動詞過去分詞
    should have 表示本應(yīng)該,出來工作不是本應(yīng)該,而是有可能,所以不能選B
    E.g.32. You cannot be (too) careful when you drive a car. (15)
    very, too, so, enough
    cannot too在。。。也不為過,越。。。越好
    regardless of 不管,不顧
    strength力量,體力,實(shí)力
    capacity才能,才智(能力方面)
    promote增進(jìn)理解友誼等
    promote better understanding增進(jìn)理解
    be accused of被指控,被職責(zé)
    be charged with被指控
    E.g.42. Had he worked harder, he () the exams. (16)
    must have got through, could get through, would get through, would have got through(表示與過去相反,選)
    had he worked harder,虛擬語氣= if he had worked harder….
    for +一段時間,謂語用完成時態(tài)
    the aged and the sick一類人
    E.g.46. When he arrived, he found (none but) the aged and the sick at home. (15)
    nothing but, none other(只有這個能后面接人), none but, no other than
    none but只有,僅有
    動詞不定試做后肢定語用主動形式
    contribute to對。。作出貢獻(xiàn)
    require with of sb要求某人做某事
    even so即便如此,盡管如此,表轉(zhuǎn)折一般
    advisable用虛擬語氣(should)+動詞原形
    E.g.56。(),a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.(18)
    other things to be equal
    were other things equal(虛擬語氣=if other things were equal主句和從局都要用虛擬預(yù)期)
    to be equal to other things
    other things being equal(選,獨(dú)立主格做條件狀語)
    意思是定量分析,影響人容易接近的因素很多,假設(shè)其他的都一樣,就說語言語言表達(dá)能力
    be convinced of深信,確信
    stick to堅持,
    strive for力求,拼命爭取
    不要什么事情不要力求完美:Don’t strive for perfection.
    it's no use+動名詞, It's no use your/you telling me not to worry.(19)
    E.g.P19-52一般日常語言,一般時
    make for導(dǎo)致促成
    E.g. 56。 She was glad that her success would () for the women who would follow. (20)
    make things easier(選)
    make it easier(it指代不明)
    object to
    carry傳送,傳輸
    fetch water打水
    on +動詞ing表示在什么之后
    hardly more than不足,不到
    matter:事物,事情
    question有疑而問,并且有待回答
    Q&A問與答
    issue問題(強(qiáng)調(diào)政治方面的問題)
    1999年前 Taiwan issue臺灣問題
    1999年以后, Taiwan question態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變
    may as well還是,到不如
    be involved with牽涉,卷入
    be associated with與...相關(guān)
    homegrown food自家種的食品
    house wine自家的酒
    英國的bone china骨瓷,很好的盤子
    wine葡萄酒, 紅肉陪紅葡萄酒,海鮮用白葡萄酒
    approach to+動名詞
    it's about time+一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣P31-43
    rush of electrical current沖撞,沖擊,撞擊
    rainbow彩虹,幻想
    rack支架,掛架
    ribbon絲帶
    E.g. 46. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, ()(32)
    however much it costs(選)
    however does it costs much
    how much does it cost
    no matter how it costs
    however在這里不表轉(zhuǎn)折,是句子引導(dǎo)詞,相當(dāng)于no matter how
    意思是,我已經(jīng)決定要買了,不管多少錢
    Big Apple紐約New York是世界第二大蘋果出產(chǎn)
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第9課
    2 虛擬語氣的總結(jié)
    1。虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法:
    A,如果主從句都表示與過去事實(shí)相反:從句謂語動詞用:HAD+動詞過去分詞,主句的謂語動詞用:情態(tài)動詞+HAVE+動詞過去分詞。
    注意能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞只有四個:should could would might,用哪個以意思判別
    B。主從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
    從句的謂語動詞用:動詞過去式(如果是be只能用were)
    主句的謂語動詞用:情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形
    C。主從句都表示與將來事實(shí)相反:
    從句的謂語動詞用:were to+動詞原形(重點(diǎn))
    should +動詞原形(沒考過)
    動詞過去式(沒考過)
    主句的謂語動詞用:情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形
    2。虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用
    A。would rather+句子,句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    B。if only 如果要是...就好了, 句子一定用虛擬語氣(P35-47{該用過去式但答案卻沒有,也可以用would+動詞原形代替},表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反,謂語動詞用一般過去時;P11-70,如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動詞用過去完成時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣)
    C。以下動詞加句子時,句子用虛擬語氣,句子謂語動詞形式是(should)+動詞原形
    建議,提議:suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move只有在表達(dá)在會議上作出提議的時候加虛擬語氣
    要求“ask, demand, require, request, desire
    指揮命令: order, command, direct
    堅持堅持認(rèn)為:insist
    D。it is+第三點(diǎn)中的過去分詞+that引導(dǎo)從句,用(should)+動詞原形體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    it is+幾個形容詞(important, necessary, essential, obligatory)+that引導(dǎo)從 句,用(should)+動詞原形體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    E.第三點(diǎn)中動詞的名詞形式(suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion)+that引導(dǎo)從句,用虛擬語氣,動詞形式為:(should+動詞原形)
    F:一些表達(dá)方式
    or(表否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是,若非),
    當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個表達(dá)方式的句子要先判斷是與什么時候相反,然后根據(jù)虛擬語氣的規(guī)范用法確定動詞
    當(dāng)以下三個表示方法體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣用固定結(jié)構(gòu):
    lest以免, for fear that惟恐 on condition that在..條件下,后面句子謂語動詞是(should)+動詞原形
    G。it is time是...的時候了
    it is about/high time后面都用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣
    H。以下兩個情況中should+動詞原形中should不能省
    一。四個動詞:think, believe, expect, suspect否定或者疑問形式后面家句子用should+動詞原形
    E.g. I don't believe that he should be cheated.我不相信他也能被騙
    二。it is a pity, it is a shame遺憾, it is strange,
    錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣:只主句和從句在表達(dá)與什么時態(tài)相反不一致,這種情況用對號入左的方法處理,既主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用其表達(dá)形式
    E.g60: if I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you () now. (45)
    wouldn't be smiling(選), couldn't have smiled, won't smile, didn't smile
    P114-2 if you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, (you would not found any difficulty now)
    P114-3he would be studying at the university now if he (had passed) the entrance examination.
    P116-16. It is a shame that he (should deceive) that poor little girl!
    P116-18. Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside (should interfere with,should沒省略) her son's sleep.
    P25-21 the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, (are being developed) and perfected now.
    P25-22 this ticket () you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
    gives, grants(用雙賓所以不行), entitles(選), credits
    credit A to B相信A是由B造成的e.g.相信飛機(jī)失事是由飛行員錯誤造成的。 Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake
    we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry
    P25-23 you (can't have seen) her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
    have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇只能做....
    be attracted by, be absorbed in, be drawn in被誘騙做.. concentrate on
    switch to another subject
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第10課
    a room with a view看的見風(fēng)景的小屋
    in one's absence/in one's presence在某人不在的場的情況下
    count on指望=depend on
    count up算出總數(shù)
    count in把。。。算在內(nèi)count me in
    count out把...不算在內(nèi)
    come into view進(jìn)入視野
    cheer team拉拉隊
    cheer-leader拉拉隊長
    cheers干杯
    to your health/friendship為健康干杯,為友誼干杯
    bottom up先干了
    take effective measures采取有效措施
    valid有效的成立的(法律)
    sure做定語的時候是“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的” a sure way
    come to談到,提及
    drug藥品毒品
    E.g.37. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs () directed. (27)
    like, so, which, as(選)“正如。。。那樣”
    so, as后面可以加過去分詞
    gay,男性同性戀,放蕩的,快樂的。
    E.g.53. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, (as) suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here. (52)
    after being+過去分詞可以
    output產(chǎn)量
    go into談?wù)?,討論?go into a problem
    extensive knowledge知識淵博
    to such an extent到如此的程度
    intensive care特級護(hù)理
    a love marriage因相愛而結(jié)婚
    keep to堅持遵守,hold on堅持,挺住, result in導(dǎo)致,結(jié)果
    definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言
    Definite: unlikely to be changed
    E.g. 37. As (is) announced in today's papers, the shanghai export commodities fair is also open on Sundays. (34)
    being, is , to be, been
    as, which都可以連接非限定性定語從句,但as可以放在前面或者后面
    the instant= as soon as可以當(dāng)做連詞
    E.g.. You see the lighting the instant it happens, but...
    Lose one's temper
    As Newton was great,
    as是盡管的意思是可以倒裝寫為 great as Newton was
    spotted dog斑點(diǎn)狗
    Spot. v.使。。。有斑點(diǎn)
    stain弄臟,玷污,染色
    convenience foods 方便食品
    instant coffee/noodle速容咖啡/方便面
    undergo經(jīng)歷磨難
    at one time一度,曾經(jīng)
    create a stir引起轟動
    in public在公眾/in private私底下
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第11課
    關(guān)于逗號的一些知識
    原則:逗號沒有能力連接兩個單獨(dú)的句子
    有完整的謂語部分就是一個句子
    完整的謂語部分:如果能明確的判斷一個句子的時態(tài)就能說這個是完整的謂語部分。
    只有當(dāng)句子有連詞,或者是從句的時候才能用逗號連接。
    E.g.10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work (), we declined the offer. (109)
    not being finished(選), had not been finished, not having finished, was not finished
    E.g.42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, () were surprising (43)
    as results, which results, the results of it, the results of which(選)
    E.g.51。All flights () because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. (44)
    had been canceled, have been canceled, were canceled, having been canceled(選)
    E.g.46.()the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately(44)
    even if(選,即使,即便), as far as, if only, so long as(只要)
    E.g.47. My train arrive3d in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there () by then. (44)
    would leave, will have left(選), has left, had left
    sting蜜蜂叮 bite蚊子咬
    once bitten, twice shy(膽小).
    一朝被蛇咬,十年怕XX
    Scratch: if you scratch my back, I will scratch yours.
    in vain徒勞,白費(fèi)工夫
    E.g.The thief tried to open the locked door but in vain.
    but很少后面接without
    at a loss不知所措
    E.g.52.(on) seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed. (45)
    on后面接動詞ing表示在...之后這個時間概念
    should have+v過去分詞,表示本應(yīng)該
    would have +動詞過去分詞,虛擬預(yù)期表示與過去事實(shí)相反
    must have+過去分詞,一定作過/can't have+過去分詞, 表示對過去否定,不可能做過
    may have +過去分詞,可能做過
    other than不同于,而非/當(dāng)與否定詞no出現(xiàn)同一個句子里,“除。。。之外”
    E.g.P56-45。 This crop does not do well in soils other than the one for which it has been specially developed.
    E.g.66. In no country (other than) Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day. (53)
    be in no mood to do/doing sth.沒有心情做什么事情
    in a moment:馬上,立即(作為時間狀語與將來時態(tài)搭配)=in an instant
    so much as與否定詞:與其說,不如說
    E.g.The trumpet player was certainly loud. but I wasn't bothered by his loudness so much as his lack of talent.是被他沒有天賦打攪,不是被身體打攪的。
    continually:時斷時續(xù)的
    continuously:連續(xù)不斷的
    densely populated人口分布稠密
    sparsely populated人口分布稀疏
    none:表示三者以上都不
    superior表示比較意味的形容詞搭配to
    in the way可以引導(dǎo)句子,表示在...方面/沒有引導(dǎo)句子的時候表示:擋路的
    make, get, keep, leave使役動詞
    使役動詞+sb(sth)+(填分詞,看關(guān)系是主動還是被動)
    blank:空白的,沒有寫字
    hollow空心的
    bare光突突的,山上沒有樹和草的;沒帶首飾的
    heavy/tight schedule
    owning to=due to因?yàn)?BR>    in short supply供應(yīng)不足
    CET4(2004)詞匯 第12課
    E.g. 62. As commander in chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures (be taken) for our defense. (53)
    order, command, direct引導(dǎo)賓語從句的時候用should+v虛擬
    to the point of 到了。。。程度
    on the point of doing sth正要做什么事情
    at the point of 在某點(diǎn)上
    沒有in the point of
    language-acquiring ability語言學(xué)習(xí)能力
    evidence 不用在it is句型中
    order命令;訂購;整理,使有條理性,order one's thoughts整理思路
    tidy up整理,使整潔(后面加房間)
    clear away把。。。清除掉
    run over撞倒并且碾過
    run into不期然的遇到
    run through貫穿(抽象事物)
    run down貶低 run down one's opinion
    rare books珍藏本的書籍
    approve of贊成
    appeal呼吁appeal for help;申訴上訴 appeal to
    do me the favor(pleasure) of 榮幸
    the moment, as soon as, the instant一...就怎么
    身體受傷用in the leg/arm
    Hit sb. in the face打某人一個耳光
    delicate instrument精密儀器
    sensible明智的。sensitive敏感的,be sensitive to
    leave off停止,中斷
    leave out=omit遺漏
    consist of包括
    consist in(抽象意義的)在于
    lie in在于
    E.g.There is no tree (but) bears some fruit
    BUT用在否定句中并且后面引導(dǎo)一個句子相當(dāng)于THAT... NOT
    I don't expect so恐怕不行
    In hope so/I hope not
    die of 表示年老,疾病,饑餓而死亡
    die from受傷死亡
    have no business doing sth.沒有理由(權(quán)利)做什么事情
    wish, would rather后面的句子用一般過去時
    would just as soon也是,用虛擬
    suppose, think, believe, imagine后面反意疑問句和從句一致
    belong in放在角落
    be bound to do sth.一定會做某事
    assume sb(sth)to do sth.想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為某人(某事)要做某事
    assume+that從句
    doubt+ whether引導(dǎo)從句,懷疑是否..
    doubt+ that引導(dǎo)從句。對...真的有疑慮
    E.g.let bygones be bygones.過去的就過去吧
    E.g.Intellect is to the mind (what) sight is to the body
    what連接兩個句子表示有如
    A對于B就象C對于D一樣
    E.g.Air is to man what water is to the fish.
    beside the qu4estion離題
    in question=under discussion正在討論
    out of the question不可能的
    out of question沒問題,毫無疑問
    a case in point有說服力的例子
    throw light on將光投到。。上,清楚的闡述
    chances are 很有可能
    whatsoever經(jīng)常防在名詞后面做后置定語,表示任何的,通常在有ANY的句子里出現(xiàn),或者在否定的里面
    not speak of更不用說=not to mention
    practical joke惡作劇
    nothing else than只不過
    in care of 由。。轉(zhuǎn)交
    there is no point in doing sth.做什么事情也毫無意義,POINT表示作用
    let is go at that不多操心,隨他去了
    directly直接的,一。。。就。。。。
    E.g.The policemen went into action (directly) they heard the alarm.
    The cat is, (so to speak),....
    so to speak可以這么說
    If you (should) see Mr. Keller, five him my regards.
    對將來虛擬用SHOULD
    at one's wit's end沒有才智了,都用完了
    know better than 明白事理而不至于做。。。
    E.g.I think your sister is old enough to know better than to spend...
    look in順便拜訪,看望
    look into觀察,調(diào)查