英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)是兩種不同的語(yǔ)言,但在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上畢竟還有相同點(diǎn),大體上都具有是“主、謂、賓”的基本框架。只要英語(yǔ)句子可以按其原有的成分排列順序轉(zhuǎn)換成結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同的漢語(yǔ)句子,翻譯時(shí)就應(yīng)當(dāng)照辦,而不必另起爐灶,更不能隨意偏離翻譯的基本原則,把翻譯當(dāng)作釋義(paraphrase)。
按漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)間先后和邏輯順序翻譯
如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子無(wú)法照著原有順序翻譯,就不得不考慮將原句的結(jié)構(gòu)拆開(kāi),根據(jù)原義用漢語(yǔ)重新整合,以時(shí)間先后,因果、假設(shè)等邏輯關(guān)系相繼譯成一句或幾句意思連貫、內(nèi)容完整的句子。
(a)The enduring significance of the Shanghai Communique is symbolized by the fact that two of the participants in the ceremony fifteen years ago –Ambassadors Han Xu and Winston Lord – are now charged with even greater responsibilities for promoting good relations between our two countries.
15年前,曾參加上海公報(bào)簽字儀式的兩位人士,韓敘大使和溫斯頓?洛德大使,現(xiàn)在都肩負(fù)著促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系的更為重要的責(zé)任,這標(biāo)志著上海公報(bào)具有持久的意義。
上面的英語(yǔ)句子與譯文在“時(shí)間”安排上順序不一樣,英語(yǔ)由現(xiàn)在提及過(guò)去的事情(韓敘和溫斯頓?洛德都參加了15年前上海公報(bào)簽字儀式),而漢語(yǔ)則先提過(guò)去的事情,由過(guò)去說(shuō)到現(xiàn)在。同時(shí),英語(yǔ)句子先說(shuō)上海公報(bào)具有持久的意義,而后點(diǎn)明這表現(xiàn)為韓敘和溫斯頓?洛德兩位大使現(xiàn)在都肩負(fù)著促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系的更為重要的責(zé)任;漢語(yǔ)則剛好相反,敘述時(shí)由“因”而“果”。這句長(zhǎng)句的譯文,正是按照漢語(yǔ)先過(guò)去后現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間順序及因果關(guān)系重新安排英語(yǔ)原句各個(gè)內(nèi)容層次的。
(b)The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce has in many countries been delayed by a difficult and politically sensitive debate created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities that the widespread use of strong encryption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments.
在許多國(guó)家,執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)擔(dān)心嚴(yán)格加密的廣泛使用,會(huì)給犯罪分子和恐怖活動(dòng)提供方便,從而破壞文明政府的穩(wěn)定。這種擔(dān)心引起了一場(chǎng)難以解決的、政治上敏感的辯論。而這場(chǎng)辯論則延誤了必要的電子商務(wù)法律歸入法典的進(jìn)程。
這句句子包含的信息量大,內(nèi)容一層又一層,各個(gè)成分環(huán)環(huán)相扣,根本無(wú)法用一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子來(lái)翻譯。首先,主語(yǔ)又長(zhǎng)又復(fù)雜(The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce),而且因修辭關(guān)系出現(xiàn)換位現(xiàn)象(to the statute book與of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce前后倒置)。狀語(yǔ)(by a difficult and politically sensitive debate)后面有定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)(created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities),而定語(yǔ)又帶同位語(yǔ)從句(that the widespread use of strong encryption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments),同位語(yǔ)中又有狀語(yǔ)(to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments)。
按漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)間先后和邏輯順序翻譯
如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子無(wú)法照著原有順序翻譯,就不得不考慮將原句的結(jié)構(gòu)拆開(kāi),根據(jù)原義用漢語(yǔ)重新整合,以時(shí)間先后,因果、假設(shè)等邏輯關(guān)系相繼譯成一句或幾句意思連貫、內(nèi)容完整的句子。
(a)The enduring significance of the Shanghai Communique is symbolized by the fact that two of the participants in the ceremony fifteen years ago –Ambassadors Han Xu and Winston Lord – are now charged with even greater responsibilities for promoting good relations between our two countries.
15年前,曾參加上海公報(bào)簽字儀式的兩位人士,韓敘大使和溫斯頓?洛德大使,現(xiàn)在都肩負(fù)著促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系的更為重要的責(zé)任,這標(biāo)志著上海公報(bào)具有持久的意義。
上面的英語(yǔ)句子與譯文在“時(shí)間”安排上順序不一樣,英語(yǔ)由現(xiàn)在提及過(guò)去的事情(韓敘和溫斯頓?洛德都參加了15年前上海公報(bào)簽字儀式),而漢語(yǔ)則先提過(guò)去的事情,由過(guò)去說(shuō)到現(xiàn)在。同時(shí),英語(yǔ)句子先說(shuō)上海公報(bào)具有持久的意義,而后點(diǎn)明這表現(xiàn)為韓敘和溫斯頓?洛德兩位大使現(xiàn)在都肩負(fù)著促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系的更為重要的責(zé)任;漢語(yǔ)則剛好相反,敘述時(shí)由“因”而“果”。這句長(zhǎng)句的譯文,正是按照漢語(yǔ)先過(guò)去后現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間順序及因果關(guān)系重新安排英語(yǔ)原句各個(gè)內(nèi)容層次的。
(b)The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce has in many countries been delayed by a difficult and politically sensitive debate created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities that the widespread use of strong encryption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments.
在許多國(guó)家,執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)擔(dān)心嚴(yán)格加密的廣泛使用,會(huì)給犯罪分子和恐怖活動(dòng)提供方便,從而破壞文明政府的穩(wěn)定。這種擔(dān)心引起了一場(chǎng)難以解決的、政治上敏感的辯論。而這場(chǎng)辯論則延誤了必要的電子商務(wù)法律歸入法典的進(jìn)程。
這句句子包含的信息量大,內(nèi)容一層又一層,各個(gè)成分環(huán)環(huán)相扣,根本無(wú)法用一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子來(lái)翻譯。首先,主語(yǔ)又長(zhǎng)又復(fù)雜(The progress to the statute book of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce),而且因修辭關(guān)系出現(xiàn)換位現(xiàn)象(to the statute book與of the necessary legal infrastructure for electronic commerce前后倒置)。狀語(yǔ)(by a difficult and politically sensitive debate)后面有定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)(created by the concerns of law enforcement authorities),而定語(yǔ)又帶同位語(yǔ)從句(that the widespread use of strong encryption may facilitate crime and terrorism to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments),同位語(yǔ)中又有狀語(yǔ)(to a degree that will de-stabilize civilized governments)。