Part Three
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--- it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
9. This passage is mainly____ .
［A］a survey of new approaches to art ［B］a review of Futurist poetry
［C］about merits of the Futurist movement ［D］about laws and requirements of literature
10. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____ .
［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws
［C］follow the new fashions［D］accept the principles
11. Futurists claim that we must____ .
［A］increase the production of literature ［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress
［C］develop new modes of expression ［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs
12. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .
［A］based on reasonable principles
［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people
［C］indicative of basic change in human nature
［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literature
Unit 7 （2000） Part 3
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
1.farfetched （牽強(qiáng)的）即far+fetch+ed，far遠(yuǎn)的，fetch拿來(lái)，-ed形容詞后綴，叫別人到很遠(yuǎn)（far）的地方去把東西拿回來(lái)（fetch），這個(gè)要求是很“牽強(qiáng)的”（fartetched）。
2.futurist?（未來(lái)派的；未來(lái)派藝術(shù)家）即futur（e）+ist，future（未來(lái)；未來(lái)的），-ist后綴。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我們?nèi)绻谶^(guò)去和現(xiàn)在之間展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)吵，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們喪失了未來(lái)。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小時(shí)都構(gòu)成未來(lái)不幸發(fā)生的可能。
3.undergo （v.經(jīng)歷；承受）即under+go，“在下面走”→經(jīng)歷。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能創(chuàng)造經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你必須經(jīng)歷它。undergo a long process of tempering 經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的磨練。
4.corresponding （相應(yīng)的；符合的）即cor+respond+ing，cor-共同（con-在r前的變形），respond反應(yīng)（見(jiàn)2003年Text 2）
5.interpret ?（v.解釋?zhuān)豢谧g）；interpretor（譯員）←interpret+or后綴表“人”。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.哲學(xué)家們只是以不同的方式解釋世界，而問(wèn)題在于改變世界。interpretor — someone who lies in two languages 譯員——用兩種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)謊的人。
6.essential （必不可少的；本質(zhì)的）；名詞形式為essence（本質(zhì)；精華），記諧音“愛(ài)深思”→只有愛(ài)深思（essence）才可能發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的“本質(zhì)”和“精華”。
7.finite ?（有限的）即fin+ite，fin詞根“完”（如finish→fin+ish后綴→v.n.完成），-ite形容詞后綴，“有完的”→有限的。反義詞：infinite（無(wú)限的；無(wú)限的東西）←in否定前綴+finite。We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.我們必須接受有限的失望，但我們決不可失去無(wú)限的希望。a finite number of possibilities 有限的幾種可能性。
8.explanatory （說(shuō)明的，解釋的）即ex+plan+atory，ex-前綴=out，plan即plain（元音可增減），-atory形容詞后綴，“簡(jiǎn)單明白地表達(dá)出來(lái)的”→解釋的；動(dòng)詞形式為explain←ex+plain；名詞形式為explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能夠解釋一切，他們對(duì)任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity參2000年P(guān)assage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少許的含糊有時(shí)能省去大量的解釋。
9.fulfill（v.完成，履行）即ful+fill，ful即full“完全”，fill“填滿(mǎn)”，故“完全填滿(mǎn)”→完成。Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occassions.只有在日常工作中盡責(zé)的人才會(huì)在重大時(shí)刻盡責(zé)。
10.determine（v.決心；確定）即de+termine，de-加強(qiáng)前綴，termine詞根“結(jié)束”，故“使結(jié)束”→決定；名詞形式為determination←de+termin+ation。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失敗的最可靠方法是決心成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在無(wú)法認(rèn)定何者正確之時(shí)，就應(yīng)采用可能性的一個(gè)。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事就是確立一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并有決心使其實(shí)現(xiàn)。
11.all the same 仍然；at will 隨意。
難句解析：
① When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
該句是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句，表示結(jié)果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for與it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之間是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，也是由however+形容詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不管他們（這群前衛(wèi)藝術(shù)家們）的時(shí)尚原則在今天看來(lái)多么牽強(qiáng)無(wú)理”。
句中attain原意為“達(dá)到”，此處應(yīng)理解為“發(fā)展成”；advocates指倡導(dǎo)的人；however不是“然而”，而是“不論多么”。
② With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.
該句也是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句。結(jié)果為With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入語(yǔ)，表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；原因?yàn)閒or之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折號(hào)之間的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入語(yǔ)，on which it is based是the theory的定語(yǔ)從句，it指代Futurist poetry。
注意however一詞是對(duì)上一句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)，了解這一點(diǎn)，the case is rather difficult的意思就不難領(lǐng)會(huì)了。同時(shí)要抓住作者的態(tài)度，他對(duì)未來(lái)主義詩(shī)歌是持完全否定的態(tài)度的。
③ We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.
該句中主句為We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs是過(guò)去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
注意or連接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs與stops并列，而不與a large stream of essential words并列。
④ But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
句中開(kāi)始的it是形式主語(yǔ)，它指代的是to read及后面的定語(yǔ)從句和to find及其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定語(yǔ)從句；that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."是find的賓語(yǔ)從句
該句相對(duì)較復(fù)雜，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩(shī)行講述了一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，便懷著新奇感去讀原文，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。
⑤ All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
此處的that從句是proposition的同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明了其內(nèi)容。
注意句中的雙重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition沒(méi)有一個(gè)有思想的人能否決他們自己最初的主張，也就是“幾乎人人都會(huì)堅(jiān)持自己最初的主張”。
試題解析：
9【正確答案】[B]
意為：對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的評(píng)述。本文是一篇文學(xué)評(píng)論。第一段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行批評(píng)，指出，無(wú)論未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌是什么東西——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)是正確的，卻很難將它歸作是文學(xué)作品。第二段簡(jiǎn)述了未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌誕生的基本歷史背景，第三、四段又轉(zhuǎn)入對(duì)它的批評(píng)。注意第四段第一句對(duì)第一段第二句的照應(yīng)。
A意為：對(duì)新的藝術(shù)理論的評(píng)價(jià)。這個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過(guò)泛，缺乏針對(duì)性。C意為：有關(guān)未來(lái)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。D意為：有關(guān)文學(xué)（創(chuàng)作）的法則和要求。這個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過(guò)泛，缺乏針對(duì)性。
10. 【正確答案】 [A]
意為：確認(rèn)其目的。第一段第一句指出，每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，（在評(píng)價(jià)它之前）先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因?yàn)椋瑹o(wú)論其（創(chuàng)作）原則在今天看來(lái)可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是在未來(lái)它也許會(huì)被看做是正常的東西。
B意為：忽視其缺陷。C意為：追隨這些新思潮。D意為：接受其（創(chuàng)作）原則。
11．【正確答案】 [C]
意為：挖掘新的表達(dá)方式。第二段簡(jiǎn)述了未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌誕生的基本歷史背果。未來(lái)派認(rèn)為，一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，生活狀況一直在有條件地加速發(fā)展，以致我們今天生活在一個(gè)喧鬧、暴力和迅變的世界里，結(jié)果，我們的感覺(jué)、思想和情感經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來(lái)派認(rèn)為，這種生活（節(jié)奏）的加快需要一種新的表達(dá)方式（與之相適應(yīng)）。
A意為：增加文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作（數(shù)量）。第二段第四句指出，為了詮釋當(dāng)今世界的（生活）壓力，我們必須加快文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作。這里所說(shuō)的speed up our literature的具體內(nèi)容包括下兩句提到的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方法，并非指加大文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作數(shù)量。B意為：用詩(shī)歌來(lái)化解當(dāng)今的壓力。見(jiàn)對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)[A]的解釋?zhuān)琲nterpret（解釋?zhuān)┑囊馑疾煌趓elieve（緩解；解除）。D意為：不使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。第二段第五甸的意思是：我們（在詩(shī)歌中）注入大量的基本詞匯，這一語(yǔ)流不為句號(hào)、修飾性形容詞或限定性動(dòng)詞所打斷。從這句來(lái)看，并沒(méi)有提到不使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。
12. 【正確答案】 [D]
意為：與其說(shuō)是文學(xué)（作品）不如說(shuō)是一種暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象。在最后一段最后一句作者反問(wèn)道：我們的時(shí)代真的發(fā)生了根本變化嗎？言外之意，我們生活的變化被未來(lái)主義考夸大了，因此他們對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。
A意為：基于合理的原理。B意為：對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)是新的、易于接受的。D意為：表明人性的根本變化。
全文翻譯：
當(dāng)一場(chǎng)新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)形成某種時(shí)尚時(shí)，理應(yīng)弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)所在，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論他們的準(zhǔn)則在今天看來(lái)是多么牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)、不可思議，將來(lái)都有可能被視為正常的。然而，就未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌而言，情況卻相當(dāng)不同，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌為何物——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能正確，也很難稱(chēng)之為文學(xué)。
簡(jiǎn)而言之，未來(lái)派詩(shī)人宣稱(chēng)：一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，過(guò)去的生活一直在有條件地急劇變化；現(xiàn)在，我們生活在一個(gè)充斥著喧囂、暴力和快節(jié)奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來(lái)派詩(shī)人聲稱(chēng)，這種加速的生活節(jié)奏需要一種新的表達(dá)形式。如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號(hào)，修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的羈絆。我們不應(yīng)描繪聲音，我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語(yǔ)；我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號(hào)和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長(zhǎng)詞語(yǔ)。
他們對(duì)戰(zhàn)斗的描述確實(shí)讓人很難理解。但是讀到一句描寫(xiě)戰(zhàn)斗的詩(shī)行的注解時(shí)，則令人有點(diǎn)生厭，注解中說(shuō)該詩(shī)描寫(xiě)了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中——結(jié)果，詩(shī)把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫(xiě)在了一起：“撲通！撲通！185公斤?！?BR> 盡管這符合未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的規(guī)則和要求，卻很難被歸入文學(xué)之列。實(shí)際上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)善于思考的人會(huì)拒絕接受他們的第一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實(shí)際問(wèn)題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--- it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
9. This passage is mainly____ .
［A］a survey of new approaches to art ［B］a review of Futurist poetry
［C］about merits of the Futurist movement ［D］about laws and requirements of literature
10. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____ .
［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws
［C］follow the new fashions［D］accept the principles
11. Futurists claim that we must____ .
［A］increase the production of literature ［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress
［C］develop new modes of expression ［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs
12. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .
［A］based on reasonable principles
［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people
［C］indicative of basic change in human nature
［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literature
Unit 7 （2000） Part 3
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
1.farfetched （牽強(qiáng)的）即far+fetch+ed，far遠(yuǎn)的，fetch拿來(lái)，-ed形容詞后綴，叫別人到很遠(yuǎn)（far）的地方去把東西拿回來(lái)（fetch），這個(gè)要求是很“牽強(qiáng)的”（fartetched）。
2.futurist?（未來(lái)派的；未來(lái)派藝術(shù)家）即futur（e）+ist，future（未來(lái)；未來(lái)的），-ist后綴。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我們?nèi)绻谶^(guò)去和現(xiàn)在之間展開(kāi)爭(zhēng)吵，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們喪失了未來(lái)。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小時(shí)都構(gòu)成未來(lái)不幸發(fā)生的可能。
3.undergo （v.經(jīng)歷；承受）即under+go，“在下面走”→經(jīng)歷。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能創(chuàng)造經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你必須經(jīng)歷它。undergo a long process of tempering 經(jīng)受長(zhǎng)期的磨練。
4.corresponding （相應(yīng)的；符合的）即cor+respond+ing，cor-共同（con-在r前的變形），respond反應(yīng)（見(jiàn)2003年Text 2）
5.interpret ?（v.解釋?zhuān)豢谧g）；interpretor（譯員）←interpret+or后綴表“人”。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.哲學(xué)家們只是以不同的方式解釋世界，而問(wèn)題在于改變世界。interpretor — someone who lies in two languages 譯員——用兩種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)謊的人。
6.essential （必不可少的；本質(zhì)的）；名詞形式為essence（本質(zhì)；精華），記諧音“愛(ài)深思”→只有愛(ài)深思（essence）才可能發(fā)現(xiàn)事物的“本質(zhì)”和“精華”。
7.finite ?（有限的）即fin+ite，fin詞根“完”（如finish→fin+ish后綴→v.n.完成），-ite形容詞后綴，“有完的”→有限的。反義詞：infinite（無(wú)限的；無(wú)限的東西）←in否定前綴+finite。We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.我們必須接受有限的失望，但我們決不可失去無(wú)限的希望。a finite number of possibilities 有限的幾種可能性。
8.explanatory （說(shuō)明的，解釋的）即ex+plan+atory，ex-前綴=out，plan即plain（元音可增減），-atory形容詞后綴，“簡(jiǎn)單明白地表達(dá)出來(lái)的”→解釋的；動(dòng)詞形式為explain←ex+plain；名詞形式為explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能夠解釋一切，他們對(duì)任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity參2000年P(guān)assage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少許的含糊有時(shí)能省去大量的解釋。
9.fulfill（v.完成，履行）即ful+fill，ful即full“完全”，fill“填滿(mǎn)”，故“完全填滿(mǎn)”→完成。Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occassions.只有在日常工作中盡責(zé)的人才會(huì)在重大時(shí)刻盡責(zé)。
10.determine（v.決心；確定）即de+termine，de-加強(qiáng)前綴，termine詞根“結(jié)束”，故“使結(jié)束”→決定；名詞形式為determination←de+termin+ation。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失敗的最可靠方法是決心成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在無(wú)法認(rèn)定何者正確之時(shí)，就應(yīng)采用可能性的一個(gè)。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事就是確立一個(gè)偉大的目標(biāo)，并有決心使其實(shí)現(xiàn)。
11.all the same 仍然；at will 隨意。
難句解析：
① When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
該句是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句，表示結(jié)果的部分是When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at，表示原因的部分是for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。而for與it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal之間是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，也是由however+形容詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不管他們（這群前衛(wèi)藝術(shù)家們）的時(shí)尚原則在今天看來(lái)多么牽強(qiáng)無(wú)理”。
句中attain原意為“達(dá)到”，此處應(yīng)理解為“發(fā)展成”；advocates指倡導(dǎo)的人；however不是“然而”，而是“不論多么”。
② With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature.
該句也是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的并列句。結(jié)果為With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult，其中however是插入語(yǔ)，表示此句與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；原因?yàn)閒or之后的部分whatever Futurist poetry may be — even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right — it can hardly be classed as Literature，其中破折號(hào)之間的部分even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是插入語(yǔ)，on which it is based是the theory的定語(yǔ)從句，it指代Futurist poetry。
注意however一詞是對(duì)上一句內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)，了解這一點(diǎn)，the case is rather difficult的意思就不難領(lǐng)會(huì)了。同時(shí)要抓住作者的態(tài)度，他對(duì)未來(lái)主義詩(shī)歌是持完全否定的態(tài)度的。
③ We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.
該句中主句為We must pour out a large stream of essential words，而unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs是過(guò)去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
注意or連接的qualifying adjectives和finite verbs與stops并列，而不與a large stream of essential words并列。
④ But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river — and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
句中開(kāi)始的it是形式主語(yǔ)，它指代的是to read及后面的定語(yǔ)從句和to find及其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river是read的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中off which they both fall into the river是bridge的定語(yǔ)從句；that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."是find的賓語(yǔ)從句
該句相對(duì)較復(fù)雜，一定要注意upsetting的意思，它是指當(dāng)我們先是從注釋中得知某詩(shī)行講述了一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，便懷著新奇感去讀原文，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)原文如此枯燥拙劣，心中不免感到不舒服。
⑤ All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
此處的that從句是proposition的同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明了其內(nèi)容。
注意句中的雙重否定：no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition沒(méi)有一個(gè)有思想的人能否決他們自己最初的主張，也就是“幾乎人人都會(huì)堅(jiān)持自己最初的主張”。
試題解析：
9【正確答案】[B]
意為：對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的評(píng)述。本文是一篇文學(xué)評(píng)論。第一段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行批評(píng)，指出，無(wú)論未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌是什么東西——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)是正確的，卻很難將它歸作是文學(xué)作品。第二段簡(jiǎn)述了未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌誕生的基本歷史背景，第三、四段又轉(zhuǎn)入對(duì)它的批評(píng)。注意第四段第一句對(duì)第一段第二句的照應(yīng)。
A意為：對(duì)新的藝術(shù)理論的評(píng)價(jià)。這個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過(guò)泛，缺乏針對(duì)性。C意為：有關(guān)未來(lái)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。D意為：有關(guān)文學(xué)（創(chuàng)作）的法則和要求。這個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容過(guò)泛，缺乏針對(duì)性。
10. 【正確答案】 [A]
意為：確認(rèn)其目的。第一段第一句指出，每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，（在評(píng)價(jià)它之前）先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因?yàn)椋瑹o(wú)論其（創(chuàng)作）原則在今天看來(lái)可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是在未來(lái)它也許會(huì)被看做是正常的東西。
B意為：忽視其缺陷。C意為：追隨這些新思潮。D意為：接受其（創(chuàng)作）原則。
11．【正確答案】 [C]
意為：挖掘新的表達(dá)方式。第二段簡(jiǎn)述了未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌誕生的基本歷史背果。未來(lái)派認(rèn)為，一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，生活狀況一直在有條件地加速發(fā)展，以致我們今天生活在一個(gè)喧鬧、暴力和迅變的世界里，結(jié)果，我們的感覺(jué)、思想和情感經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來(lái)派認(rèn)為，這種生活（節(jié)奏）的加快需要一種新的表達(dá)方式（與之相適應(yīng)）。
A意為：增加文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作（數(shù)量）。第二段第四句指出，為了詮釋當(dāng)今世界的（生活）壓力，我們必須加快文學(xué)的創(chuàng)作。這里所說(shuō)的speed up our literature的具體內(nèi)容包括下兩句提到的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作方法，并非指加大文學(xué)作品的創(chuàng)作數(shù)量。B意為：用詩(shī)歌來(lái)化解當(dāng)今的壓力。見(jiàn)對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)[A]的解釋?zhuān)琲nterpret（解釋?zhuān)┑囊馑疾煌趓elieve（緩解；解除）。D意為：不使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。第二段第五甸的意思是：我們（在詩(shī)歌中）注入大量的基本詞匯，這一語(yǔ)流不為句號(hào)、修飾性形容詞或限定性動(dòng)詞所打斷。從這句來(lái)看，并沒(méi)有提到不使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。
12. 【正確答案】 [D]
意為：與其說(shuō)是文學(xué)（作品）不如說(shuō)是一種暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象。在最后一段最后一句作者反問(wèn)道：我們的時(shí)代真的發(fā)生了根本變化嗎？言外之意，我們生活的變化被未來(lái)主義考夸大了，因此他們對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。
A意為：基于合理的原理。B意為：對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)是新的、易于接受的。D意為：表明人性的根本變化。
全文翻譯：
當(dāng)一場(chǎng)新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)形成某種時(shí)尚時(shí)，理應(yīng)弄清其倡導(dǎo)者的目標(biāo)所在，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論他們的準(zhǔn)則在今天看來(lái)是多么牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)、不可思議，將來(lái)都有可能被視為正常的。然而，就未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌而言，情況卻相當(dāng)不同，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌為何物——即使承認(rèn)其理論根據(jù)可能正確，也很難稱(chēng)之為文學(xué)。
簡(jiǎn)而言之，未來(lái)派詩(shī)人宣稱(chēng)：一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，過(guò)去的生活一直在有條件地急劇變化；現(xiàn)在，我們生活在一個(gè)充斥著喧囂、暴力和快節(jié)奏的世界之中。因此，我們的感情、思想和情緒都經(jīng)歷了相應(yīng)的變化。未來(lái)派詩(shī)人聲稱(chēng)，這種加速的生活節(jié)奏需要一種新的表達(dá)形式。如果我們想詮釋現(xiàn)代生活的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)發(fā)展的步伐。我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號(hào)，修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的羈絆。我們不應(yīng)描繪聲音，我們必須造出模仿聲音的詞語(yǔ)；我們必須在同一張紙上使用不同型號(hào)和不同顏色的墨水，任意縮短或加長(zhǎng)詞語(yǔ)。
他們對(duì)戰(zhàn)斗的描述確實(shí)讓人很難理解。但是讀到一句描寫(xiě)戰(zhàn)斗的詩(shī)行的注解時(shí)，則令人有點(diǎn)生厭，注解中說(shuō)該詩(shī)描寫(xiě)了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一座橋上發(fā)生了搏斗，結(jié)果雙雙從橋上掉進(jìn)河中——結(jié)果，詩(shī)把他們兩人落水的聲音和體重寫(xiě)在了一起：“撲通！撲通！185公斤?！?BR> 盡管這符合未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的規(guī)則和要求，卻很難被歸入文學(xué)之列。實(shí)際上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)善于思考的人會(huì)拒絕接受他們的第一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實(shí)際問(wèn)題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎？