考研英語歷年閱讀理解真題精析--1999年part2

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Part Two
    In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they're looking for.
    Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.
    Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific
    request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
    But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
    5. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business ________.
    [A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion
    [C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so
    6. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that ________.
    [A] the technology is popular with many Web users
    [B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions
    [C] there is a radical change in strategy
    [D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners
    7. In the view of Net purists, ________.
    [A] there should be no marketing messages in online culture
    [B] money making should be given priority to on the Web
    [C] the Web should be able to function as the television set
    [D] there should be no online commercial information without requests
    8. We learn from the last paragraph that ________.
    [A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
    [B] interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers
    [C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
    [D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power
    Unit 6 (1999) Part2
    重點詞匯:
    1.pathway?(小徑;通路)←path+way。
    2.establish (建立;安置)即e+stabl(e)+ish,e-加強前綴,stable穩(wěn)定,-ish動詞后綴。We must establish the respectability of peace and get rid of the false glamour surrounding war.我們必須確立和平的崇高地位,除去縈繞著戰(zhàn)爭的欺騙性的魔力。
    3.intranet (內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng))←intra內(nèi)部的+net。
    4.customize?(按客戶要求定制)←custom+ize動詞后綴。
    5.contempt(n.蔑視)可看作con+tempt,con-全部,tempt單詞“v.誘惑”,對所有人都進行誘惑→這種行為是令人“蔑視”的。Familiarity breeds contempt.熟悉引起輕視。Many can bear adversity, but few contempt.許多人能忍受厄運,但極少人能忍受侮辱。contempt — the weapon of the weak and a defense against one's own despised and unwanted feelings 輕蔑——弱者的武器和抵御自己所蔑視的有害感情的自衛(wèi)手段。
    6.promotion (促進;提升)即pro+mot(e)+ion,pro-向前,mote詞根“運動”=move,-ion名詞后綴;動詞形式為promote←pro+mote。No true and permanent fame can be founded except in labors which promote the happiness of mankind.真正的、永恒的聲望只能在增進人類幸福的勞作中求得。
    7.prospect(展望;前景)←pro向前+spect看; Prospect is often better than possession.預期往往勝于擁有。
    8.resort (求助于;勝地;手段)Home is the resort of love, of joy, of peace, and plenty, where supporting and supported, polished friends and dearest relatives mingle into bliss.家是愛、歡樂、和睦與富足的勝地,養(yǎng)育者與被養(yǎng)育者,優(yōu)雅的友人與最密切的親屬在這里共享天賜之福。
    9.interactivity(交互性)←inter互相+act作用+ivity名詞后綴表“性質(zhì)”;參interaction,1999年Passage 1。
    10.hospitality(好客;款待)看作hospital+ity,“醫(yī)院是好客的”←醫(yī)院為提高效益而唯恐別人不生病。When hospitality becomes an art it loses its very soul.待客殷勤一旦成為技巧,就失去了真正的精髓。
    11.security(安全)←secur(e)安全的+ity。Security is the mother of danger and the grandmother of destruction.安全感是危險的母親、毀滅的祖母。
    12.enterprise (企業(yè);進取心)看作enter+prise,enter進入,prise獎賞=prize,“進入獎賞”→以“進取心”辦“企業(yè)”就會獲得獎賞。What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery.在我看來,商業(yè)的可取之處在于它的進取與無畏。enterprise — the hope of our future 事業(yè)——對未來的希望。
    難句解析:
    ① Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business Partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.
    這個句子的主謂賓很明顯,但是重要的是by后面的conducting引導的動名詞短語,表示的是companies limiting the risk的方式方法。還要注意的是Partners后面跟了一個who引導的定語從句,說明了Partners所享受的待遇。
    找出其中的關鍵部分:... companies... limiting... risk by... transactions... with established... Partners who... access to... company's... intranet。注意intranet與internet的差別:后者是國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),前者是公司內(nèi)部網(wǎng)。
    ② In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.在這個簡單句中,賓語tools帶了一個that引導的定語從句,修飾tools
    在這個從句中真正的主語是tools,由that替代,注意這個從句中謂語動詞短語allow... to...的形式;后面跟了一個transmitting引導的現(xiàn)在分詞短語,相當于that從句的補充成分,進一步說明push information to consumer的方式。
    這個句子的主要內(nèi)容集中在develop tools以及tools后面的that從句,從句中關鍵信息在于幾個動詞的使用:allow,push,transmit等。
    ③ Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
    這個句子的主句就是that前面的部分,注意動詞短語think highly of的含義,但是理解這個句子的關鍵在于賓語notion后面所跟的that引導的同位語從句,就是說that從句解釋的就是notion的內(nèi)容。這個從句中的主語information后面跟了一個修飾性的flowing引導的現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
    在抓住了主干think highly of the notion之后,理解這個句子的關鍵在于對that從句的理解,尤其是by specific request決定了notion的重要內(nèi)容。
    ④ The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
    這個句子的主干是... examples... show... a Web site... will attract... customers。抓住這個主干,再看其它成分:examples后面跟的of短語是限定成分,說明examples的內(nèi)容;謂語動詞show后面跟的是一個that引導的賓語從句,這個賓語從句的主語a Web site后面跟了一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語作限定成分,這個短語的動詞是selling,賓語是the right kind of products,再加上一個較長的表示方式的狀語,注意介詞賓語mix后面有一個of引導的三個并列名詞表示mix的內(nèi)容,后面will attract online customers是這個從句的謂語和賓語。
    找出句子的主謂賓,再看不同成分的修飾限定部分,再者要注意賓語從句的主語所帶的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的限定短語。
    ⑤ And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon.
    這個句子的主句是逗號前的句子,容易理解,重要的是逗號后which引導的從句,這里which指代的是逗號前的這個句子,指的是這個句子所陳述的現(xiàn)象,which在這里充當?shù)氖菑木涞闹髡Z,enterprise后面有一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語,起限定作用。
    重要的是弄清從句中which引導詞所指的是前面整個句子,這樣就可以得知a good sign的意思。另外注意setting up shop in silicon中silicon原意是“硅”,在這里指代的是“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”與“計算機”。
    試題解析:
    5. 【正確答案】 [A]
    意為:一直在竭力開拓其市場。第一段指出,在網(wǎng)絡公司創(chuàng)辦的最初一兩年中,大部分措施是圍繞著努力開拓(tap)消費者市場。最近,隨著網(wǎng)絡證明不僅是一種時尚而已,公司開始(在網(wǎng)上)相互買賣產(chǎn)品或提供服務,公司間的這種買賣方式是很有道理的,因為商人一般都知道自己所需要的產(chǎn)品。第一句和第二句都敘述了公司企圖利用網(wǎng)上資源開拓業(yè)務的努力,第三句是對第二句提到的現(xiàn)象的評價。
    B意為:打算遵循一種空幻的時尚。C意為:企圖控制市場,但徒勞無益。第一段僅提到了它們的努力,并未提到努力的結(jié)果。D意為:在一年左右的時間里發(fā)展迅速。第一段僅提到了它們的努力,并未提到努力的結(jié)果。事實上,正如第二段所提到的,許多公司目前仍然因為懷疑網(wǎng)絡的安全性而對網(wǎng)絡的使用猶豫不決。
    6. 【正確答案】[C]
    意為:在策略上發(fā)生了根本改變。第三段第一句指出,網(wǎng)絡商業(yè)模式的另一個重大變化是營銷策略的變化。在這個句子中,technology的意思不是“技術”,而是“技巧”,這里指銷售方法。根據(jù)第三段,這里所說的變化指從“推”到“拉”的變化。兩種營銷策略迥然不同。A意為:這種技術(或方法)受到了許多網(wǎng)絡用戶的喜愛。雖然第三段提到了許多用戶對pull策略的喜愛,但是,在這個選擇項中,the technology即使被理解為“方法”的話,究竟是指push還是pull并不清楚。B意為:公司對在線交易的可靠性充滿信心。根據(jù)第二段第一句,許多公司對網(wǎng)絡的可靠性表示懷疑,因此對使用網(wǎng)絡仍然很憂慮。D意為:它僅限于對固定合作伙伴使用。在這個選擇項中,it只能理解為指代the technology。這樣,這個選擇項的意思就有些令人費解。
    7. 【正確答案】 [D]
    意為:沒有要求就不應該有在線商業(yè)信息。即:沒有主動要求就不應該提供在線商業(yè)信息。根據(jù)第三段最后四句,“推”的策略受到了許多網(wǎng)上用戶的厭棄,在線用戶們極力推崇這種做法:信息應該根據(jù)特定要求載入(用戶的)屏幕。商業(yè)信息一旦在沒有要求的情況下就被推入用戶的屏幕,那么,網(wǎng)絡和電視的區(qū)別就不存在了,這種前景正是Net purists所懼怕的。這里,Net purists指主張保持網(wǎng)絡特色的人。
    A意為:在線領域不應該有銷售信息。根據(jù)對D的分析,這些人反對的是銷售信息的傳送方式,而不是這種信息本身。B意為:上網(wǎng)的首要目的應該是為了賺錢。C意為:網(wǎng)絡的功能應該像電視一樣。這正是Net purist所反對的。
    8. 【正確答案】 [B]
    互動、禮貌、安全對在線客戶來說很重要。這里互動(指網(wǎng)上人機對話功能)、禮貌(指網(wǎng)上熱情服務)、安全都指網(wǎng)絡信息的特點或提供方式。在最后一段作者指出,網(wǎng)上的公司不使用“推”的策略也肯定能賺錢。Virtual Vineyards和Amazon.com(兩個網(wǎng)址的名稱)以及其他開拓者的例子表明:銷售對路產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)址,加上互動、禮貌、安全等特點,將同樣會吸引網(wǎng)上客戶。
    A意為:對網(wǎng)上商業(yè)來說,在網(wǎng)上“推”信息至關重要。根據(jù)上文的分析,事實恰恰相反。C意為:一些大公司在幾十年前就開始積極嘗試在線服務。第四段最后一句指出,只要回顧一下過去5年至10年的歷史人們很可能會感到奇怪:為什么如此少的公司嘗試在線服務呢?D意為:在計算機上建立銷售點與(計算機的)運算能力無關。根據(jù)第四段第三句,計算機的運算能力成本不斷下降,這對于企事業(yè)在計算機上建立銷售點是個好的形勢。所渭“計算機的運算能力成本不斷下降”指計算機和網(wǎng)絡上網(wǎng)價格變得便宜;所謂“在硅中設立商店”指在計算機(網(wǎng)絡)上設立銷售點??梢?,二者是相關的。
    全文翻譯:
    大約在網(wǎng)上交易的第一年當中,大部分業(yè)務活動都是圍繞著努力開發(fā)消費者市場來進行的。最近,隨著證明網(wǎng)絡不僅是一種時尚而已,公司間便開始(在網(wǎng)上)交易產(chǎn)品和服務。這類公司之間的銷售是很有道理的,因為商人通常都知道他們需要什么產(chǎn)品。
    不過,由于懷疑網(wǎng)絡的可靠性許多公司仍對網(wǎng)絡的使用猶豫不決。Forrester研究所的資深分析家布蘭?歐文說,“商家需要認識到他們可以信賴銷售商和供應商之間的這種途徑?!庇行┕緸榱讼拗七@種冒險,只與那些已經(jīng)熟識的貿(mào)易伙伴進行在線貿(mào)易,給予這些伙伴進入本公司局域網(wǎng)的權利。
    網(wǎng)絡商業(yè)模式的另一個重大變化體現(xiàn)在營銷策略上。前些年,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的營銷活動還集中在如何將用戶“拉進”網(wǎng)站的策略問題上。然而,在去年,軟件公司開發(fā)出新的技術,這些技術使得公司可以將信息直接“推出”給消費者,直接把營銷信息傳送給特定的用戶。最突出的例子是Pointcast網(wǎng)絡,該網(wǎng)絡使用一種屏幕保護系統(tǒng),將大量最新的信息和廣告不斷地傳送到用戶的計算機顯示器上。用戶可以定制自己想要接受的信息,然后直接進入某個公司的網(wǎng)址。像Virtual Vineyards這樣的公司業(yè)已開始采用類似的技術將有關特價商品、產(chǎn)品推銷或其他活動的信息“推”向用戶。但這種“推”銷技術遭到許多網(wǎng)上用戶的鄙視。網(wǎng)上文化推崇這樣一個概念,即流動到屏幕上的信息應是在專門的請求之后才出現(xiàn)的。一旦商業(yè)促銷不請自來地充斥電腦屏幕,那么網(wǎng)絡和電視就沒多大差別了。這種前景讓網(wǎng)絡凈化者感到不安。
    網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠“推銷”策略方能掙錢。像Virtual Vineyards和Amazon.com及其他開拓者的例子說明:一個銷售適類商品的網(wǎng)站,如果將交互性、熱情服務、安全性合理結(jié)合,肯定會吸引網(wǎng)上用戶的。計算能力的成本持續(xù)自由下降,這對任何建立了網(wǎng)上銷售的企業(yè)來說都是個好的征兆?;仡欉^去的5到10年的歷史,人們很可能會感到奇怪:嘗試網(wǎng)上銷售的公司為何如此之少呢?