一、英文的修飾短語(yǔ),不管是形容詞性的,介詞性的、分詞性的或不定式動(dòng)詞性的,一概出現(xiàn)在名詞之后;中譯時(shí),就要移到名詞之前;形容詞從句(Adjective Clause)也一樣。例如:
(12) Please identify the factors responsible for the increasing cost of living.(請(qǐng)指出引起生活費(fèi)高漲的因素。)
(13) Jenny is a girl of great intelligence.(珍妮是個(gè)很聰明的女孩。)
(14) Do you know the man sitting next to Peter?(你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在彼得旁邊的那個(gè)人嗎?)
(15) An effective way to learn a language well is to practise it regularly.(學(xué)好語(yǔ)文的有效方法是不斷地練習(xí)。)
(16) Doesn't the manager know the reasons why his staff are in low spirits?(經(jīng)理不知道職員死氣沉沉的原因嗎?)
(17) Here are some grammatical errors you have made in your essay.(這里是一些你在作文中所犯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。)
二、英文的日期、地點(diǎn)等的排列是從小單位到大單位;單詞連用時(shí)是分量輕的在前,分量重的在后,中文則反之。例如:
(18) Helen was born at 10 p.m. on 3rd March, 1990.(海倫在一九九○年三月三日晚上十點(diǎn)出生。)
(19) He came from a small town in Johore Malaysia.(他從馬來(lái)西亞 柔佛州一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)到這里。)
(20) Beat our enemy or they will oppress and slaughter us.(*敵人;不然的話,他們會(huì)屠殺和壓迫我們。)
三、中英文詞類不一定對(duì)應(yīng),必須進(jìn)行調(diào)適。例如:
(21) Jack is mentally sound but physically weak.(杰克思想健全、身體虛弱。)(副詞變成名詞)
(22) Yesterday's stage performance was quite a success.(昨天的舞臺(tái)表演相當(dāng)成功。(名詞變形容詞)
(23) The elimination of illiteracy is a matter of great urgency.(掃除文盲是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。)(名詞變成動(dòng)詞)
(24) We are against racial discrimination.(我們反對(duì)種族歧視。)(介詞變成動(dòng)詞)
四、 中英文句式不吻合時(shí),就要變動(dòng)。例如:
1/英文被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成中文主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
(25) A new syllabus has been drawn up.(已經(jīng)擬定了一份新的課程綱要。)
(26) This can be done and must be done.(這件事可以辦并且必須辦。)
(27) It must be admitted that Singapore is a small island country. (我們必須承認(rèn)新加坡是個(gè)很小的島國(guó)。)
2/英文的簡(jiǎn)單句變成中文的復(fù)雜句。例如:
(28) His failure to observe the traffic rules resulted in the road accident.(由于他沒(méi)有遵守交通規(guī)則,所以導(dǎo)致了公路意外。)
(29) With your permission, I will embark on the project as soon as possible.(如果你答應(yīng)的話,我將盡快展開(kāi)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。)
(12) Please identify the factors responsible for the increasing cost of living.(請(qǐng)指出引起生活費(fèi)高漲的因素。)
(13) Jenny is a girl of great intelligence.(珍妮是個(gè)很聰明的女孩。)
(14) Do you know the man sitting next to Peter?(你認(rèn)識(shí)坐在彼得旁邊的那個(gè)人嗎?)
(15) An effective way to learn a language well is to practise it regularly.(學(xué)好語(yǔ)文的有效方法是不斷地練習(xí)。)
(16) Doesn't the manager know the reasons why his staff are in low spirits?(經(jīng)理不知道職員死氣沉沉的原因嗎?)
(17) Here are some grammatical errors you have made in your essay.(這里是一些你在作文中所犯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。)
二、英文的日期、地點(diǎn)等的排列是從小單位到大單位;單詞連用時(shí)是分量輕的在前,分量重的在后,中文則反之。例如:
(18) Helen was born at 10 p.m. on 3rd March, 1990.(海倫在一九九○年三月三日晚上十點(diǎn)出生。)
(19) He came from a small town in Johore Malaysia.(他從馬來(lái)西亞 柔佛州一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)到這里。)
(20) Beat our enemy or they will oppress and slaughter us.(*敵人;不然的話,他們會(huì)屠殺和壓迫我們。)
三、中英文詞類不一定對(duì)應(yīng),必須進(jìn)行調(diào)適。例如:
(21) Jack is mentally sound but physically weak.(杰克思想健全、身體虛弱。)(副詞變成名詞)
(22) Yesterday's stage performance was quite a success.(昨天的舞臺(tái)表演相當(dāng)成功。(名詞變形容詞)
(23) The elimination of illiteracy is a matter of great urgency.(掃除文盲是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。)(名詞變成動(dòng)詞)
(24) We are against racial discrimination.(我們反對(duì)種族歧視。)(介詞變成動(dòng)詞)
四、 中英文句式不吻合時(shí),就要變動(dòng)。例如:
1/英文被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成中文主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:
(25) A new syllabus has been drawn up.(已經(jīng)擬定了一份新的課程綱要。)
(26) This can be done and must be done.(這件事可以辦并且必須辦。)
(27) It must be admitted that Singapore is a small island country. (我們必須承認(rèn)新加坡是個(gè)很小的島國(guó)。)
2/英文的簡(jiǎn)單句變成中文的復(fù)雜句。例如:
(28) His failure to observe the traffic rules resulted in the road accident.(由于他沒(méi)有遵守交通規(guī)則,所以導(dǎo)致了公路意外。)
(29) With your permission, I will embark on the project as soon as possible.(如果你答應(yīng)的話,我將盡快展開(kāi)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。)