President Bush believes that open markets and a level playing field are vital to job creation and economic growth. That is why the president rejects economic isolationism and why this administration is continuing to aggressively engage with China. Last week， along with Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao， I led the president's Export Council to China to advance economic engagement， expand access for U.S. exports and address areas of trade concern.
China is America's fastest-growing export market and our third-largest trading partner. Two-way trade exceeds $190 billion and over the last three years American exports to China increased 76%. But maintaining any relationship requires commitment and candor. We are working closely with the Chinese government to ensure that trade takes place through open markets and on a level playing field.
Two months ago， the Bush administration hosted Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi in Washington for the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. The meetings produced positive breakthroughs that will expand opportunities for U.S. businesses. They also resolved seven potential World Trade Organization cases on high-technology products， agriculture and intellectual-property protection. These breakthroughs will expand opportunities for American workers and businesses.
While pursuing cooperation with China， the Bush administration has not and will not hesitate to enforce America's trade laws. We filed the first-ever WTO enforcement action against China， for its discriminatory taxation of U.S. semiconductors. We imposed the first safeguard actions against Chinese textile and apparel imports， and roughly half of all U.S. antidumping cases filed in 2003 were against unfair Chinese imports. However， while some would prefer to litigate for litigation's sake， we are focused on achieving real results， in real time.
Earlier this year， the Bush administration declined to accept two petitions that could have had a highly adverse impact on the Sino-U.S. trading relationship. We did so， in part， because of a belief that dialogue with the Chinese government is the best chance to produce results.
U.S. support for free trade depends on a fair showing from its trading partners. China needs to act on trade barriers because economic distortions compromise long-term potential. Resolving these problems is in the interests of both countries. American companies have the right to expect that their trading partners will treat intellectual property theft as a crime. Estimates show the computer software piracy rate to exceed 90% in China —— costing U.S. industry $2.4 billion in 2002. Sound trading relationships depend on partnership —— not piracy.
China must significantly reduce government micromanagement of the economy and introduce a far higher level of transparency， among many changes， before its transition to a market-driven economy can make meaningful progress. Market forces will not govern China's economy until the state improves the regulatory system and releases control over raw materials， the financial system， real estate， utilities and large enterprises within China.
In northeastern China， the state still owns or controls a majority interest of roughly 90% of all enterprises. Not surprisingly， that region now supplies only 8% of China's output —— down from 14% in 1981. Government control over the means of production radically distorts economic conditions， undermines efficient capital usage and compromises long-term potential. In addition， it creates a tilted playing field.
Last year， I advised China to lift its capital controls so that its entrepreneurs could experience greater financial freedom. Capital controls also compromise prosperity by misallocating a country's wealth. The unsound banking practices funded through the capital controls are equally troubling. China's state-run banks routinely extend loans to state-owned enterprises that are not expected to be repaid. As a result， there is a disturbing level of nonperforming loans in the portfolios of China's state-run banking system. Today， the big four state banks in China are， essentially， insolvent.
Clearly， there is much work to be done to open China's economy and curb government subsidies. That is why we traveled to China with a clear message： The U.S. has opened its markets to you； now you must open your markets to us. The Bush administration is determined because we know that American workers excel on even terms and we recognize that open markets spur economic growth and create jobs in America.
布什總統(tǒng)相信，開放的市場和公平的競爭環(huán)境對創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會和經(jīng)濟增長極其重要。這就是為什么布什總統(tǒng)反對經(jīng)濟孤立主義以及本屆政府積極保持與中國接觸的原因。上星期，我率領(lǐng)美國總統(tǒng)出口委員會（President's Export Council）成員與勞工部長趙小蘭（Elaine Chao）一起出訪中國，爭取促進經(jīng)濟交往，擴大美國對中國的出口，并提出與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的關(guān)注。
中國是美國發(fā)展最快的出口市場，也是我們的第三大貿(mào)易夥伴。雙方的貿(mào)易額已超過1900億美元，美國對中國的出口在過去的三年內(nèi)增長了76%.但是，維持任何關(guān)系都需要承諾和坦誠。我們正在與中國政府緊密合作，確保貿(mào)易在開放的市場和公平競爭的環(huán)境中進行。
兩個月前，布什政府在華盛頓接待了前來參加美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)合委員會（Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade）會議的中國副總理吳儀。會議為美國企業(yè)擴大商機帶來了積極的突破。會議也解決了七項原本可能需要經(jīng)世界貿(mào)易組織處理的有關(guān)高科技產(chǎn)品、農(nóng)業(yè)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的爭端。這些突破性進展將擴大美國工人和企業(yè)的機會。
布什政府在與中國合作的同時，從來沒有、今后也不會在貫徹實施美國貿(mào)易法方面有任何遲疑。我們向世界貿(mào)易組織首次提出對中國采取制裁行動的訴求， 因為它對美國的半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)品征收歧視性關(guān)稅。我們對中國的紡織品和服裝也首次采取了防范行動。在2003年美國提出的所有反傾銷案中，幾乎一半是針對不公平的中國進口產(chǎn)品。雖然有些人寧可為訴訟而訴訟，但我們致力于迅速取得實質(zhì)效果。
今年早些時候，布什政府沒有接受兩項可能對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系造成嚴(yán)重負(fù)面影響的申訴。我們這樣做的部份原因是相信只有同中國政府進行對話，才最有可能取得成效。
美國對自由貿(mào)易的支持取決于美國的貿(mào)易夥伴進行公平貿(mào)易的表現(xiàn)。中國需要采取行動消除貿(mào)易壁壘，因為扭曲經(jīng)濟的措施有損于長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α＝鉀Q這些問題符合兩國的利益。美國企業(yè)有權(quán)期待他們的貿(mào)易夥伴將盜版定為犯罪。據(jù)估計，中國的電腦軟件盜版率超過了90%，在2002年給美國企業(yè)造成了24億美元的損失。健康的貿(mào)易關(guān)系取決于夥伴關(guān)系，而不是盜版。
中國向市場經(jīng)濟的過渡要取得實質(zhì)進展，必須實行包括大幅度減少政府對經(jīng)濟的微觀管理和大大增加透明度在內(nèi)的多項改革。只有國家改善管理體制并放松對國內(nèi)原材料、金融系統(tǒng)、房地產(chǎn)、公用事業(yè)和大型企業(yè)的控制，市場力量才能主宰中國的經(jīng)濟。
在中國東北，國家仍然擁有或控制著大約90%的企業(yè)的多數(shù)股權(quán)。因此，毫不奇怪，這個地區(qū)的產(chǎn)值現(xiàn)只占中國總產(chǎn)值的8%，低于1981年的14%.政府對生產(chǎn)方式的控制從根本上扭曲了經(jīng)濟，降低了資本使用率并損害了長期發(fā)展?jié)摿Α４送膺€造成了不公平競爭。
去年，我建議中國取消對資本的管制，以使中國的企業(yè)家在金融方面享有更大的自由。資本管制還造成國家財富分配不均，從而損害了國家的繁榮。資本管制在銀行系統(tǒng)中造成的不良行為也同樣令人不安。中國國有銀行常常向沒有償還能力的國有企業(yè)提供貸款。因此，中國國有銀行系統(tǒng)中存在著令人擔(dān)憂的大量呆帳。今天，中國四大國有銀行已經(jīng)基本不具備清償能力。
要開放中國經(jīng)濟并削減政府補貼，顯然要做大量的工作。因此，我們前往中國訪問并傳達了明確的信息：美國已經(jīng)向你們開放了市場，現(xiàn)在你們必須向我們開放市場。布什政府的立場堅定，因為我們知道美國工人能在公平競爭中有卓越表現(xiàn)，而且我們認(rèn)識到開放的市場能刺激經(jīng)濟發(fā)展并增加美國的就業(yè)機會。
China is America's fastest-growing export market and our third-largest trading partner. Two-way trade exceeds $190 billion and over the last three years American exports to China increased 76%. But maintaining any relationship requires commitment and candor. We are working closely with the Chinese government to ensure that trade takes place through open markets and on a level playing field.
Two months ago， the Bush administration hosted Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi in Washington for the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. The meetings produced positive breakthroughs that will expand opportunities for U.S. businesses. They also resolved seven potential World Trade Organization cases on high-technology products， agriculture and intellectual-property protection. These breakthroughs will expand opportunities for American workers and businesses.
While pursuing cooperation with China， the Bush administration has not and will not hesitate to enforce America's trade laws. We filed the first-ever WTO enforcement action against China， for its discriminatory taxation of U.S. semiconductors. We imposed the first safeguard actions against Chinese textile and apparel imports， and roughly half of all U.S. antidumping cases filed in 2003 were against unfair Chinese imports. However， while some would prefer to litigate for litigation's sake， we are focused on achieving real results， in real time.
Earlier this year， the Bush administration declined to accept two petitions that could have had a highly adverse impact on the Sino-U.S. trading relationship. We did so， in part， because of a belief that dialogue with the Chinese government is the best chance to produce results.
U.S. support for free trade depends on a fair showing from its trading partners. China needs to act on trade barriers because economic distortions compromise long-term potential. Resolving these problems is in the interests of both countries. American companies have the right to expect that their trading partners will treat intellectual property theft as a crime. Estimates show the computer software piracy rate to exceed 90% in China —— costing U.S. industry $2.4 billion in 2002. Sound trading relationships depend on partnership —— not piracy.
China must significantly reduce government micromanagement of the economy and introduce a far higher level of transparency， among many changes， before its transition to a market-driven economy can make meaningful progress. Market forces will not govern China's economy until the state improves the regulatory system and releases control over raw materials， the financial system， real estate， utilities and large enterprises within China.
In northeastern China， the state still owns or controls a majority interest of roughly 90% of all enterprises. Not surprisingly， that region now supplies only 8% of China's output —— down from 14% in 1981. Government control over the means of production radically distorts economic conditions， undermines efficient capital usage and compromises long-term potential. In addition， it creates a tilted playing field.
Last year， I advised China to lift its capital controls so that its entrepreneurs could experience greater financial freedom. Capital controls also compromise prosperity by misallocating a country's wealth. The unsound banking practices funded through the capital controls are equally troubling. China's state-run banks routinely extend loans to state-owned enterprises that are not expected to be repaid. As a result， there is a disturbing level of nonperforming loans in the portfolios of China's state-run banking system. Today， the big four state banks in China are， essentially， insolvent.
Clearly， there is much work to be done to open China's economy and curb government subsidies. That is why we traveled to China with a clear message： The U.S. has opened its markets to you； now you must open your markets to us. The Bush administration is determined because we know that American workers excel on even terms and we recognize that open markets spur economic growth and create jobs in America.
布什總統(tǒng)相信，開放的市場和公平的競爭環(huán)境對創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會和經(jīng)濟增長極其重要。這就是為什么布什總統(tǒng)反對經(jīng)濟孤立主義以及本屆政府積極保持與中國接觸的原因。上星期，我率領(lǐng)美國總統(tǒng)出口委員會（President's Export Council）成員與勞工部長趙小蘭（Elaine Chao）一起出訪中國，爭取促進經(jīng)濟交往，擴大美國對中國的出口，并提出與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的關(guān)注。
中國是美國發(fā)展最快的出口市場，也是我們的第三大貿(mào)易夥伴。雙方的貿(mào)易額已超過1900億美元，美國對中國的出口在過去的三年內(nèi)增長了76%.但是，維持任何關(guān)系都需要承諾和坦誠。我們正在與中國政府緊密合作，確保貿(mào)易在開放的市場和公平競爭的環(huán)境中進行。
兩個月前，布什政府在華盛頓接待了前來參加美中商貿(mào)聯(lián)合委員會（Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade）會議的中國副總理吳儀。會議為美國企業(yè)擴大商機帶來了積極的突破。會議也解決了七項原本可能需要經(jīng)世界貿(mào)易組織處理的有關(guān)高科技產(chǎn)品、農(nóng)業(yè)和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的爭端。這些突破性進展將擴大美國工人和企業(yè)的機會。
布什政府在與中國合作的同時，從來沒有、今后也不會在貫徹實施美國貿(mào)易法方面有任何遲疑。我們向世界貿(mào)易組織首次提出對中國采取制裁行動的訴求， 因為它對美國的半導(dǎo)體產(chǎn)品征收歧視性關(guān)稅。我們對中國的紡織品和服裝也首次采取了防范行動。在2003年美國提出的所有反傾銷案中，幾乎一半是針對不公平的中國進口產(chǎn)品。雖然有些人寧可為訴訟而訴訟，但我們致力于迅速取得實質(zhì)效果。
今年早些時候，布什政府沒有接受兩項可能對中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系造成嚴(yán)重負(fù)面影響的申訴。我們這樣做的部份原因是相信只有同中國政府進行對話，才最有可能取得成效。
美國對自由貿(mào)易的支持取決于美國的貿(mào)易夥伴進行公平貿(mào)易的表現(xiàn)。中國需要采取行動消除貿(mào)易壁壘，因為扭曲經(jīng)濟的措施有損于長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α＝鉀Q這些問題符合兩國的利益。美國企業(yè)有權(quán)期待他們的貿(mào)易夥伴將盜版定為犯罪。據(jù)估計，中國的電腦軟件盜版率超過了90%，在2002年給美國企業(yè)造成了24億美元的損失。健康的貿(mào)易關(guān)系取決于夥伴關(guān)系，而不是盜版。
中國向市場經(jīng)濟的過渡要取得實質(zhì)進展，必須實行包括大幅度減少政府對經(jīng)濟的微觀管理和大大增加透明度在內(nèi)的多項改革。只有國家改善管理體制并放松對國內(nèi)原材料、金融系統(tǒng)、房地產(chǎn)、公用事業(yè)和大型企業(yè)的控制，市場力量才能主宰中國的經(jīng)濟。
在中國東北，國家仍然擁有或控制著大約90%的企業(yè)的多數(shù)股權(quán)。因此，毫不奇怪，這個地區(qū)的產(chǎn)值現(xiàn)只占中國總產(chǎn)值的8%，低于1981年的14%.政府對生產(chǎn)方式的控制從根本上扭曲了經(jīng)濟，降低了資本使用率并損害了長期發(fā)展?jié)摿Α４送膺€造成了不公平競爭。
去年，我建議中國取消對資本的管制，以使中國的企業(yè)家在金融方面享有更大的自由。資本管制還造成國家財富分配不均，從而損害了國家的繁榮。資本管制在銀行系統(tǒng)中造成的不良行為也同樣令人不安。中國國有銀行常常向沒有償還能力的國有企業(yè)提供貸款。因此，中國國有銀行系統(tǒng)中存在著令人擔(dān)憂的大量呆帳。今天，中國四大國有銀行已經(jīng)基本不具備清償能力。
要開放中國經(jīng)濟并削減政府補貼，顯然要做大量的工作。因此，我們前往中國訪問并傳達了明確的信息：美國已經(jīng)向你們開放了市場，現(xiàn)在你們必須向我們開放市場。布什政府的立場堅定，因為我們知道美國工人能在公平競爭中有卓越表現(xiàn)，而且我們認(rèn)識到開放的市場能刺激經(jīng)濟發(fā)展并增加美國的就業(yè)機會。