英文中to的用法
一：表示相對，針對
be strange (common,new,familiar,peculiar,distinct,sensitive,immune,
vulnerable,indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection.
二：表示對比，比較
1：以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2:一些本身就含有比較或比擬意思的形容詞，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.
3：表示一些先后順序的形容詞，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4:to也偶爾出現(xiàn)在個別動詞之后,與動詞形成固定詞組,表示比較,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比擬,而compare with sth.表示比較,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正確句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但當(dāng)prefer后接動詞不定式時,表示比較的介詞to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5:to與及個別的名詞構(gòu)成比較之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三:表示修飾關(guān)系
1:表示回復(fù),反應(yīng)意思的詞,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2:表示建筑構(gòu)件的詞匯,如: entry,entrance,approach,
access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引橋
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.
The access to education 接受教育的機(jī)會
The access to medical care 享受公費(fèi)醫(yī)療的權(quán)利
4:表示人物職位和官銜的詞,如:assistant to manager,
ambassador to Spain,successor to tradition,heir to throne
deputyto the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
5:表示權(quán)利和許可的詞匯,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
6:表示柵欄或障礙的詞匯,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
7:表示與書籍,文本相關(guān)的詞,如:introduction to passage.
8:表示恭喜或是祝賀,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
9:另外還有一些名詞符合這種用法,有的具有兩者息息相關(guān),缺一不可的含義.如:key to door,invitation to party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school
四:to還具有依據(jù),伴隨,和著節(jié)奏的含義,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythrm of the song, add salt to taste
一：表示相關(guān)聯(lián)，相連接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
二：表示反對和贊同。
1：to引導(dǎo)的表示反對，抗拒，對抗意義的詞組。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2:to引導(dǎo)的表示同意，贊同意義的詞組：consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示調(diào)整，使符合，使適應(yīng)的含義，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
Your action should conform to the interests of the people.
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.
His words doesn’t fit to his actions.
Suit your writing style to the masses.
3:表示投降,屈服,服從的含義,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.
The minority is subordinate to the majority少數(shù)服從多數(shù)
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake.
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.
五:表示趨勢或傾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六:表示對事情的堅持與執(zhí)著,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七:表示約束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八:表示一種習(xí)慣或是一種適應(yīng)性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
十:表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the shick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十一:表示目的或結(jié)果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十二:表示命運(yùn),注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十三:表示數(shù)量上的積累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十四:表示全身心投入的含義,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十五:表示展望或是回顧,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,
He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.
十八:表示有關(guān)注,關(guān)于:as to,with regard to
十九:表示關(guān)注或重視,如:pay attention to,attach to,
We should attach primary importance to job training.
二十:表示依據(jù)或是根據(jù),如:according to,in proportion to
According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed.
The lending countries subscribe towards capical stock in proportion to their economic importance.
二十一:表示應(yīng)該或必須含義的句式,如:
It’s time to get up.
We are wupposed to get here at seven.
It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.
常用詞組
respond to（反應(yīng)）,appeal to（吸引）,catch on to（理解）,listen to（收聽）,used to（過去常常）,give birth to,attend to（照料）,see to（負(fù)責(zé)）,be entitled to（有權(quán)）,belong to（屬于）,come to（蘇醒）,stand up to（勇敢面對）,help oneself to（請自便）,refer to,to the point（切題）,
Train them to stand up to any servere test in hard.
The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.
See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim.
You will catch on to the job shortly after wards.
People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.
介詞of
1:表示剝奪,除去
一:deprive sb. of his right
denude sb. of his possession(hope)
divest the baby of his clothes
rid him of this fear rob sb. of his wallet
defraud sb. of gold ring
cure sb. of cancer heal sb. of cancer
purify the nation clean the jar of crust
clarify the river of flowing rubbish
--get rid of, rid of, dispose of
2:of接直接賓語
-告訴-tell sb. of sth. inform sb. of sth warn sb. of fire
remind sb. of his duties acquaint sb. of sth. notify of..
-其他,勸服-persuade sb. of honesty assure sb. of the best seats convince sb. of sth.
-法律詞匯-accuse sb. of burglary convinct sb. of murder
suspect sb. of a theft
-reassure his wife of his safe arrival
3:of接間接賓語
request sth. of sb. expect sth. of sb. require sth. of sb.
ask a question of sb. be fearful of mistakes be jealous of wealthy persons be reminiscent of his past be patient of the enoimous noise be guilty of robbery be innolent of robbery
4:of表示人物的特性,籍貫,特性或出生等
He is of Irish descen (ascent)
People of obscure origin (humble /noble)
Man of keen perception a man of moral integrity
5:固定詞組
-say of, tale of, hear of, think of, learn of, savor of
The room smells of stale cabbage.
-brag of his achievements. Boast of his children
beware of pickpockets approve of the program
doubt of success complain of poor management
-be sure of be suspicious of be aware of
be confident of be proud of be ashamed of
be afraid of be capable of be lack of
be critical of be shortly of be conscious of
be ignorant of be wary of be cautious og
be appreciative of your advice
-regardless of , irrespective of ,不管….無視
in favor of
decide on three most popular leisure
activities irrespective of age
介詞Under
表示處于…狀態(tài)之下，接受…
preparations are under way.
a road under repair
books under the care of librarian
a patient under emergency treatment
a matter under consideration
a program under discussion
plants under attack of insects
a curiosity under the escort of police
a country under threat of terrorists
a curiosity under the escort of police
a land under cultivation
a murderer under arrest
unequal treaties made under duress
a madine under the control of the mechanic
a statesman under illusion about sth.
a principle under stress(pressure)
an employee under a constant emotional strain
plans under the conduct of teacher
embark on the scheme under compulsion
under the stimulus of the hope
under for the match under false name
Grammar主動表被動
一：固定詞組be worth doing
The book is worth reading.
區(qū)分：
They imported two billion dollars’ worth of goods.
The book are worth 100 yuan.
The matter is worth discussing.（價值）
The matter is worth discussion.（值得）
The matter is worthy of being discussed.
The matter is worthy to be discussed.
The matter is worthy of discussion.
He is a worthy son of the people
Be worthy of =be worth
The results were not worthwhile.
That was not a worthwhile job.
Worth one’s while
It is worth (your) while to consider the matter.
It is worth (your) while considering the matter.
二：感官動詞 look, sound,feel,smell,taste
The water feels warm.
The cakes tastes wonderful.
The flowers smell fragrant.
三：表達(dá)需要的動詞：need,demand,require,request,
The garden needs watering.
The garden needs to be watering.
Your hair demands cutting.
Your hair demands to be cut.
四：固定句式。
It is +adj.+to do
The pareel is heavy to carry.
The water is unfit to drink.
His body is open to infect.
The mistakes are easy to identify.
五：個別特殊動詞sell,wear
Books sell well here.
The dictionary sells for three yuan.
This kind of glasses wears comfortably.
六：代詞+動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
The problem of whom to select as his successor.
Was quickly disposed of解決
The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.
The mother didn’t know to blame whom.
七：容易出錯的詞。
Take place,happen,result from,prove,turn out
Great changes have taken place in my town.
Modern credulity result from the heavy burden of knowledge.
An accident happened on him yesterday.\
The weather proved nice
Entry to進(jìn)入
一….就….
1. as soon as
2. the moment , the second
the minute ,the instant
3. hardly…. When…
no soonerv…. than….
Hardly\had he entered classroom when(than) the bell rang.
No sooner….
4. on(upon)+n(action)
Upon his arrival at New Yerk,he met with warm welcome.
Upon careful abservation,you will find the egg hollon.
On her return from Japan,she began seeking employment.
On(Upon) seeing what was happening he phoned the police.
虛擬語氣：、
If it rains tomorrow,I’ll take you to the zoo.
If it should rain tomorrow,I would….