九、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤
在英語中按句型來說可以分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四種，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說又可以分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三種。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤是構(gòu)成句子完整結(jié)構(gòu)的某一成分用錯(cuò)或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的錯(cuò)誤類型。由于英語語法和漢語語法特點(diǎn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上表現(xiàn)得十分明顯，主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)在數(shù)、格、人稱上的一致、連接手段的正確使用以及詞序安排等，都與漢語有著相當(dāng)大的差異，因此在改錯(cuò)中也是一大難點(diǎn)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤類型包括：句子類型使用錯(cuò)誤、句子成分短缺、平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤以及詞組搭配使用錯(cuò)誤。
例 1
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help
deciding which products to emphasize now, which
to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
本句中三個(gè)平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動語態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop 。
例 2
When we consider the comfortable circumstances
of a working family today, the life of the workingman
in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had
been ever hard. 1.__________
根據(jù)上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句顯然是將 1882 年以前的生活與 1882 年時(shí)的生活作比較，所以此處 hard 應(yīng)該改為 harder 。
例 3
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working
hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful,
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________
在該句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三個(gè)小分句為并列結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，因此必須保持成分和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致性，故應(yīng)該將 being 改為 were 。
例 4
However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________
manners.
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“與其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；沒有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故應(yīng)該將 as 改為 than 。
在英語中按句型來說可以分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四種，從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說又可以分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三種。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤是構(gòu)成句子完整結(jié)構(gòu)的某一成分用錯(cuò)或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的錯(cuò)誤類型。由于英語語法和漢語語法特點(diǎn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上表現(xiàn)得十分明顯，主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)在數(shù)、格、人稱上的一致、連接手段的正確使用以及詞序安排等，都與漢語有著相當(dāng)大的差異，因此在改錯(cuò)中也是一大難點(diǎn)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤類型包括：句子類型使用錯(cuò)誤、句子成分短缺、平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤以及詞組搭配使用錯(cuò)誤。
例 1
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help
deciding which products to emphasize now, which
to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
本句中三個(gè)平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 結(jié)構(gòu)模式應(yīng)該一致，均采用不定式主動語態(tài)，因而 to be dropped 應(yīng)改為 to drop 。
例 2
When we consider the comfortable circumstances
of a working family today, the life of the workingman
in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had
been ever hard. 1.__________
根據(jù)上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句顯然是將 1882 年以前的生活與 1882 年時(shí)的生活作比較，所以此處 hard 應(yīng)該改為 harder 。
例 3
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working
hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful,
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________
在該句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三個(gè)小分句為并列結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，因此必須保持成分和結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致性，故應(yīng)該將 being 改為 were 。
例 4
However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________
manners.
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“與其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；沒有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故應(yīng)該將 as 改為 than 。