四、非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
非謂語動(dòng)詞在六級綜合改錯(cuò)里算是一個(gè)較為令人頭疼的改錯(cuò)類型，它包括不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞。六級改錯(cuò)中主要出現(xiàn)的是非謂語動(dòng)詞和主要謂語動(dòng)詞之間的混淆，具體分為以下兩種情況：
① 分詞，主要是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的誤用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。
② 動(dòng)詞非謂語形式做主語、賓語，有時(shí)需要 it 作形式主語或形式賓語。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )
例1
The idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________
work is realized by every student.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：the idea是主語；is realized是謂語部分；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。從句中l(wèi)earn a foreign language是主語，而learn是動(dòng)詞形式，應(yīng)改為動(dòng)名詞“l(fā)earning”。
例2
From these unearthed bones scientists are able
to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from
the reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________
a good idea of its appearance.
“reconstructing”表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而根據(jù)原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能發(fā)出這個(gè)動(dòng)作，而應(yīng)該為“reconstructed”，意為“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，這是過去分詞作為定語。
例3
Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________
of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used
simple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!
Keep off”.
“passed ships”表示“已經(jīng)過去的船只”，當(dāng)然不可能再給予警告，這不符合邏輯，應(yīng)該改為passing，意為“過往的船只”，此處現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。
例4
But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a
code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________
modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is
red and then green.
根據(jù)句意可知，這些代碼所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”這個(gè)動(dòng)作過程，顯然不符合題意，故應(yīng)該將knowing改為known。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用錯(cuò)誤雖然不外乎不定式、分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）以及動(dòng)名詞三種類型，然而使用起來往往容易混淆，而且也不易區(qū)分，所以得分率通常都較低。
練習(xí)題
1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________
to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly
advanced.
2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,
keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________
with other media of information and education, TV is
almost unrivalled.
3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________
very true to life, which may be the reason why it
touched a nation of audience.
4 There are a great many places of interest in this 4.__________
city. But the major attraction is a recently built
hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing
from a distance. No travelers leave the city without
visiting it.
5 The building built now at our school is the new 5.__________
library.
6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light
to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6.__________
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is
not always true to say that the higher it is the better.
7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________
aspects of the global environment, one is surely
justified in his concern for the money and resources
that are poured into the space exploration efforts.
8 The small college, however, generally provides
a limited number of courses and specializations,
but offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit 8.__________
individualized attention to students.
9 The way space is used to enable the individual
to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing 9.__________
cities is culturally influenced.
10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself
by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________
cost him.
非謂語動(dòng)詞在六級綜合改錯(cuò)里算是一個(gè)較為令人頭疼的改錯(cuò)類型，它包括不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞。六級改錯(cuò)中主要出現(xiàn)的是非謂語動(dòng)詞和主要謂語動(dòng)詞之間的混淆，具體分為以下兩種情況：
① 分詞，主要是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的誤用，如： a puzzled question → a puzzling question ； an exciting girl → an excited girl 等。
② 動(dòng)詞非謂語形式做主語、賓語，有時(shí)需要 it 作形式主語或形式賓語。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This → it )
例1
The idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1.__________
work is realized by every student.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：the idea是主語；is realized是謂語部分；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。從句中l(wèi)earn a foreign language是主語，而learn是動(dòng)詞形式，應(yīng)改為動(dòng)名詞“l(fā)earning”。
例2
From these unearthed bones scientists are able
to reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and from
the reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1.__________
a good idea of its appearance.
“reconstructing”表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而根據(jù)原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能發(fā)出這個(gè)動(dòng)作，而應(yīng)該為“reconstructed”，意為“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，這是過去分詞作為定語。
例3
Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1.__________
of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people used
simple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!
Keep off”.
“passed ships”表示“已經(jīng)過去的船只”，當(dāng)然不可能再給予警告，這不符合邏輯，應(yīng)該改為passing，意為“過往的船只”，此處現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。
例4
But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in a
code knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1.__________
modern lighthouses have a revolving light that is
red and then green.
根據(jù)句意可知，這些代碼所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”這個(gè)動(dòng)作過程，顯然不符合題意，故應(yīng)該將knowing改為known。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用錯(cuò)誤雖然不外乎不定式、分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）以及動(dòng)名詞三種類型，然而使用起來往往容易混淆，而且也不易區(qū)分，所以得分率通常都較低。
練習(xí)題
1 Judging by today’s standards the techniques applied 1.__________
to the construction of these ancient palaces are highly
advanced.
2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,
keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2.__________
with other media of information and education, TV is
almost unrivalled.
3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3.__________
very true to life, which may be the reason why it
touched a nation of audience.
4 There are a great many places of interest in this 4.__________
city. But the major attraction is a recently built
hotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing
from a distance. No travelers leave the city without
visiting it.
5 The building built now at our school is the new 5.__________
library.
6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light
to see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6.__________
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it is
not always true to say that the higher it is the better.
7 Consider the great need for improving many 7.__________
aspects of the global environment, one is surely
justified in his concern for the money and resources
that are poured into the space exploration efforts.
8 The small college, however, generally provides
a limited number of courses and specializations,
but offers a better student-faculty radio, thus permit 8.__________
individualized attention to students.
9 The way space is used to enable the individual
to achieve privacy, to build homes or designing 9.__________
cities is culturally influenced.
10 But the fourth robber put him quite beside himself
by approaching him and asked what the dog 10.__________
cost him.