98年 翻譯題解：
71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+ for +原因狀語從句?！ ?)主句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was... that...被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分the farthest是后面句子的狀語，可以理解為scientists had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past 2) for...引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what they were seeing是從句中的主語，that...是名詞表語the patterns and structures的定語從句?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： even more important (省略)更為重要的是 the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形狀和結(jié)構(gòu) 15 billion years ago 150億年前
完整的譯文： 71)但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家們所能觀測(cè)到的遙遠(yuǎn)的過去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the 1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 第二、句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句?！ ?)整體結(jié)構(gòu)是：The existence... was virtually required for..., to maintain...2)first put forward in the 1920s是過去分詞短語作插入語，說明前面的名詞the Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短語是補(bǔ)語。 第三、詞的處理： the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云 virtually 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上，實(shí)質(zhì)上 the Big Bang 大爆炸理論 first put forward 首創(chuàng)的，開始提出的 in the 1920s 二十年代 to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位 explanation of the cosmos 對(duì)宇宙(起源論)的解釋
完整的譯文： 72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，實(shí)際上是使二十年代首創(chuàng)的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導(dǎo)地位所必不可少的?！?BR> 73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, / and may report their findings soon. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)主語+并列謂語Astrophysicists...are closing...and may report...2)分詞短語working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments是主語的定語。
第三、詞的處理： working with 使用，以……為工作手段 ground-based detectors 陸基探測(cè)器 the South Pole 南極 balloon-borne instruments 球載儀器 are closing in on 正越來越近 structures 云系 findings 觀測(cè)結(jié)果
完整的譯文： 73)天體物理學(xué)家使用南極陸基探測(cè)器及球載儀器，正越來越近地觀測(cè)這些云系，也許不久會(huì)報(bào)告他們的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：If the small hot spots look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“If引導(dǎo)的條件句，主句”。 2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和預(yù)想的一樣”?！ ?)another scientific idea和后面的短語a refinement of the Big Bang是同位語關(guān)系?！ ?)過去分詞短語called the inflationary universe theory作定語，修飾the Big Bang. 第三、詞的處理： the small hot spots 小熱點(diǎn) refinement 更完美，提煉，改進(jìn) the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨脹說(理論)
完整的譯文： 74)假如那些小熱點(diǎn)看上去同預(yù)計(jì)的一致，那就意味著又一科學(xué)論說的勝利，這種論說即更完美的大爆炸論，亦稱宇宙膨脹說。
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是倒裝的讓步狀語從句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd 2) consequence前后有多重定語?！ ?) and many astrophysicists have been convinced為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)?！ ?) that it is true是賓語從句?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： cosmic inflation 宇宙膨脹說 scientifically plausible consequence 科學(xué)上可信的推論 in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理學(xué) convinced 被說服，相信 for the better part of a decade 七八年來
完整的譯文： 75)宇宙膨脹說雖然聽似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理學(xué)中一些公認(rèn)的理論在科學(xué)上看來可信的推論。許多天體物理學(xué)家七八年來一直認(rèn)為這一論說是正確的。
97年 翻譯題解：
71) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Actually, it isn't, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句?！ ?)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 2)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中是存在句結(jié)構(gòu)there is an agreed account of human rights, 3)which從句的先行詞是human rights，something后面是定語從句the world does not have. 第三、詞的處理： Actually 事實(shí)上 it主語代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問法，這種說法，isn't后面省略的詞應(yīng)該是so或true an agreed account 約定的看法，共同的認(rèn)識(shí) human rights 人的權(quán)利，人權(quán)完整的譯文： 71)事實(shí)并非如此，因?yàn)檫@種問法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同的認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主從復(fù)合句：Some philosophers argue that... 2)that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句 3)as part of...是賓語從句中的rights的主語補(bǔ)足語?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： argue 論證 a social contract 社會(huì)契約 as part of 作為(是)……的一部分 entitlements 利益，權(quán)利 完整的譯文： 72)有些哲學(xué)家論證說，權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分?！ ?BR> 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)it invites you to think that...后面是賓語從句。 2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……，是表示選擇的方式狀語?！ ?)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定語?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： leads ...to extremes 引向極端 at the outset 從一開始 invites you to think 使人們認(rèn)為 consideration 關(guān)切，體諒 humans extend to other humans 人對(duì)待人完整的譯文： 73)這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情?！?BR> 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語狀語，主語+謂語+賓語從句。Arguing from...現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語?！ ?) the view和后面的從句that...是同位語關(guān)系 3) that...引導(dǎo)賓語從句?！ 〉谌⒃~的處理： Arguing from the view 從……觀點(diǎn)看，持……觀點(diǎn) different from... 與……不同 in every relevant respect 在各相關(guān)方面 extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點(diǎn)的人 lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德問題范圍，與道德取舍無關(guān)完整的譯文： 74)這類人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無須考慮道德問題。
75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)復(fù)合句： 1)When...是前一個(gè)復(fù)合句的時(shí)間狀語 2)instinct后面的介詞短語for moral reasoning in action是它的定語 3)that...是定語從句，修飾先行詞an instinct，從句中是被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示選擇?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： that (代詞作主語)聯(lián)系上下文譯為這種反應(yīng) mankind's instinct for moral reasoning 人類道德觀念推理的本能 in action 起作用 rather than 而不完整的譯文： 75)這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。
96年 翻譯題解：
71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)比句Some... are... reasonable results of... Others are reasonable consequences of... 2) particular advances后面有多重定語in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 第三、詞的處理： are... results of 是……的結(jié)果，來自于 social needs 社會(huì)需求 to some extent 在一定程度上 self-accelerating 自我加速 完整的譯文： 71)在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會(huì)需求，另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
72) This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主句+ when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，when = at that time當(dāng)時(shí)，那時(shí)?！ ?)第一個(gè)that從句是主句賓語the conclusion的同位語?！ ?)that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定語從句中的主語從句 4)cannot generally be foreseen in detail是賓語從句的謂語。第三、詞的處理： trend 趨勢(shì) came to the conclusion 得出結(jié)論 the specific demands 具體要求 make of 向……提出 scientific establishment 科研機(jī)構(gòu) in detail 詳盡 完整的譯文： 72)這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
73) This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是系詞+過去分詞+被動(dòng)賓語：This seems mostly effectively done by... 2)research后面是雙重定語not related to... but of...由此斷定related to意思等于of 第三、詞的處理： This (主語代詞要譯出來)這一問題 done 解決 not related to 與……無關(guān) immediate goals 當(dāng)前目標(biāo) possible consequence 可能的影響 完整的譯文： 73)給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。
74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是the world is so... that... 2) some后面有多重定語of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、詞的處理： elegant systems (精美的)完美的體系 in principle 一般而言 deal with 解決，處理 aspects 原義是方面，聯(lián)系上下文譯成課題，問題 完整的譯文： 74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世界上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)as well as和，以及，連接兩個(gè)并列主語，must arise作句子謂語 2)as they have in the past方式狀語，as就像是……，同……一樣 3)giving rise to...表示伴隨狀語?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： New forms of thought 新的思維方式 new subjects for thought 新的思維對(duì)象 arise 出現(xiàn) giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來 new standards of elegance 完美的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 完整的譯文： 75)同過去一樣，將來必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
95年 翻譯題解：
71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, / critics divert attention from the fault / that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡(jiǎn)單句加for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語。后面的that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。第三、詞的處理 The target 根據(jù)上下文，這里特指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試 divert attention from 原義是把注意力引開，引申為沒有注意到lies with在于ill-informed 不甚了解incompetent users(詞性轉(zhuǎn)換)使用不當(dāng)完整的譯文：71)把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊的目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類測(cè)試時(shí)，批評(píng)者沒有注意到測(cè)試的弊病在于使用測(cè)試的人對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。
72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分為三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom / with which it is interpreted 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)How well...引導(dǎo)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是主語從句，How well是主語從句中的狀語前置，depends是句子謂語2)depends后面兩個(gè)介詞短語作并列賓語upon...and on... 3) the information used是名詞+定語4)with which it is interpreted定語從句，先行詞是the skill and wisdom，代詞it指代the information 第三、詞的處理： be validated by 為……所證實(shí) depends upon 取決于 reliability 可靠性 appropriateness 適應(yīng)性 interpreted 解釋 完整的譯文： 72)這些測(cè)試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應(yīng)性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity / and upon such factors as cost and availability. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：Whether to use..., or both...引導(dǎo)主語從句depends是句子謂語，upon... and upon...是并列結(jié)構(gòu)的雙賓語。 第三、詞的處理： Whether to..., or 是……還是…… both 指代前句的tests, other kinds of information in a particular situation 在某一特定情況下 therefore 因此 the evidence from experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù) concerning 與……有關(guān)的 comparative validity 相對(duì)效度 such factors as... 諸如……等因素 完整的譯文： 73)因此，在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類的信息，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無來源等因素。
74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為四段：In general, the tests work most effectively / when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined / and least effectively / when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)排比句the tests work most effectively when...and least effectively when... 2)連詞when引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，意思是當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，從句中都是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)?！ ?) what is to be measured or predicted是第二個(gè)從句的主語?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： In general 一般的說 work most effectively 為有效 be most precisely defined 很精確界定 measured 測(cè)定 完整的譯文： 74)一般的說，當(dāng)所要測(cè)定的特征能很精確界定時(shí)，測(cè)試為有效；而當(dāng)所要測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的東西不能明確地界定時(shí)，測(cè)試的效果則差。
75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)主干結(jié)構(gòu)是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell... 2) how able是表語前置，正常語序是：... youngster might have been how able 3)后一個(gè)句子是虛擬語氣句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up... 第三、詞的處理： they 指示代詞，測(cè)試 compensate for 彌補(bǔ) gross social inequality 明顯的社會(huì)不公 and thus 因此 tell 說明 underprivileged 貧困的、物質(zhì)條件差的 under more favorable circumstances 在較好的環(huán)境下 完整的譯文： 75)例如，測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公，因此它們不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話，會(huì)有多大才干。
94年 翻譯題解： 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：not so much through... as because of...與其……倒不如…… 因?yàn)閚ot so much... as是個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說so和as后面應(yīng)該兩個(gè)詞的意思應(yīng)該相同，所以多義介詞through的意思應(yīng)該等于because of因?yàn)?，由于?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： the insights of great men of genius是后面帶定語的名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，后置定語的順序應(yīng)該在漢語翻譯中應(yīng)該倒過來，即從后往前翻譯為：天才偉人的真知灼見?！ ore ordinary things like improved techniques and tool這是結(jié)構(gòu)是介詞like短語做定語修飾中心詞more ordinary things，也是先翻譯定語，再翻譯中心詞：像改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西?！ hey say插入語，按照漢語習(xí)慣，翻譯時(shí)放在句首?！ ⊥暾淖g文： 71)他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。
72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)系表結(jié)構(gòu)：the scientific revolution... was largely... 2) that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments 第三、詞的處理： In short 簡(jiǎn)而言之 the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments (詞性轉(zhuǎn)換)一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用 expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直譯：在難以計(jì)數(shù)的方向擴(kuò)大了科學(xué)的范圍 完整的譯文： 72)新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們所謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無所不及。
73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation / have largely been ignored / by historians and philosophers of science. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句：tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ...主語部分有一個(gè)themselves反身代詞 as a source of fundamental innovation介詞短語做定語 第三、詞的處理： Over the years 多年來 philosophers of science 科學(xué)思想家們 完整的譯文： 73)工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。
74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Galileo's greatest glory was / that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens / to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)系表結(jié)構(gòu)Galileo's greatest glory was that... 2)不定式短語作定語結(jié)構(gòu)the first person to turn... 3)動(dòng)詞+賓語從句作目的狀語to prove that... 第三、詞的處理： turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens (介詞on譯成動(dòng)詞)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空 rather than 而不是完整的譯文： 74)伽利略的光輝業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的?！?BR> 75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa / often depends on the issue / of which is seen as the driving force. 第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是： 1)表示選擇意思的從句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……還是……作句子的主語，謂語和賓語是depends on the issue 2)of which是賓語the issue的定語從句?！ 〉谌?、詞的處理： increase the financing of pure science 增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入 at the expense of technology 減少對(duì)技術(shù)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入 the driving force 動(dòng)力，驅(qū)動(dòng)力量 完整的譯文： 75)政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)力量。