在閱讀中，人們首先理解的是語言的字面意義。然而，語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容常常超過其字面意義。閱讀的目的不僅僅是只讀懂原文，還應(yīng)做到能從文章的字里行間"讀出"作者雖未說明但意欲表達(dá)的意圖，這就是我們通常說的言外之意。由于限于篇幅或其他原因，作者常常對某些問題一帶而過，有的只給出一些暗示，這就要求讀者掌握邏輯判斷和推理的方法，動用良好的綜合判斷能力以及語言本身的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，作出符合作者原義的推斷。在閱讀中，這種推斷能力相當(dāng)重要。只有具備這種能力，才有可能理解文章中語言上沒有明確表達(dá)卻又隱含的意思。
判斷題要求考生根據(jù)短文中所給的信息，暗示抓住內(nèi)涵語義，進行判斷、推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。它與細(xì)節(jié)題的區(qū)別在于它是透過表面文字推斷出隱含的意思，它可以是推斷作者傾向，文章論調(diào)，文章來源，作者的寫作思路；也可以是推斷特定細(xì)節(jié)，特定數(shù)字等。推斷題的題干中通常會出現(xiàn)：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume, appear, conclude, inference, conclusion, judgment等詞。
典型題干是：
1. It can be inferred from the passage that…
2. It can be concluded from the passage that…
3. What does the author imply by saying…
4. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that…
5. The author implies/suggests/indicates that…
6. The author's attitude toward…… is
判斷推理題可分為3種：推斷題、結(jié)論題、觀點態(tài)度題。
解題技巧：
1. 推斷題。推斷題要求考生以已知事實為基礎(chǔ)作出正確的猜測。推斷題的答案超出了已知的事實，是對未知信息所作的陳述，是作者的言外之意或真正意圖。
2. 結(jié)論題。結(jié)論題要求考生根據(jù)文章中得已知事實得出正確結(jié)論。要得出正確結(jié)論主要采用歸納推理和演繹推理兩種方式。歸納推理作結(jié)論是由個別推出一般，由具體推出抽象得推理過程。在閱讀中，要求讀者針對材料中提供的局部事實，如某一句話，某兩句話，乃至整個段落的信息作歸納，以得出正確的結(jié)論。演繹推理是從一般到個別，從普遍到特殊的推理。演繹推理通常是由大前提，小前提和一個結(jié)論構(gòu)成的，所以也叫"三段論".大前提提出一般原則，小前提指出個別事物，結(jié)論表明推論的結(jié)果。解結(jié)論題時，一定要根據(jù)題目要求就短文的有關(guān)內(nèi)容范圍作出合乎邏輯的可靠的結(jié)論。既要以事實為依據(jù)，也要依據(jù)自己的邏輯常識和經(jīng)驗；既要重視文章主題，也要重視發(fā)展主題的細(xì)節(jié)；而尤為重要的是把握住作者的寫作意圖。
3. 觀點態(tài)度題。態(tài)度就是作者在寫作時對所敘述事件表現(xiàn)出來的個人的主觀感情。具體來說，是作者對所述內(nèi)容是贊成、反對，還是猶豫不定；對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件是稱贊、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。通常，作者的觀點和態(tài)度往往會在文章的措詞、文體和結(jié)構(gòu)中反映出來。只要在閱讀時注意這幾個方面，透過字里行間察其端倪，作者的觀點和態(tài)度就不難把握。
做判斷推理題一定要"以事實為依據(jù)"，但又不能"就事論事"，判斷推理得出的結(jié)果又絕對不是事實本身。解答這類題目，切忌靠常識、專業(yè)知識和智力來臆斷正確答案。如果主觀臆測，必錯無疑。 總之，做判斷推理題要牢記三點：理解事實；分析事實；作出決定。
例題 1
Mrs. Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else. She required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. One day, a young doctor observed cataracts （白內(nèi)障） in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on, and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick, and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to help other patients' She was again able to see and with this, seemed to experience some hearing recovery.
1. The regular attendants of the nursing home were most probably ——.
A. overworked to the point of exhaustion
B. indifferent to the needs of the patients
C. unaware of Mrs. Harris' real problem
D. highly trained medical experts
2. It can be reasonably inferred from this paragraph that:
A. a person's state of health affects his outlook on life
B. nursing homes are staffed with unqualified attendants
C. an elderly person should be cared for by his family
D. state governments should supervise nursing homes closely
3. Evidence suggests that the young doctor was ——.
A. unusual B. alert C. independent D. casual
「答案解析」
1. 基于文中的第四句"No one seemed to realize that she was deaf and blind"，可以推出第 1題的正確答案為 C.
2. 動完眼手術(shù)后，Mrs.．Harris "soon became quite independent…and took to smiling and talking with others．The change In her attitude was amazing"，由此可以得出第 2題的正確答案為 A.
3. 因為文中提到"a young doctor observed cataracts in both her eyes．He discovered that if he spoke in her ear，5. she seemed to respond"所以第 3題的正確答案為B.
判斷題要求考生根據(jù)短文中所給的信息，暗示抓住內(nèi)涵語義，進行判斷、推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。它與細(xì)節(jié)題的區(qū)別在于它是透過表面文字推斷出隱含的意思，它可以是推斷作者傾向，文章論調(diào)，文章來源，作者的寫作思路；也可以是推斷特定細(xì)節(jié)，特定數(shù)字等。推斷題的題干中通常會出現(xiàn)：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume, appear, conclude, inference, conclusion, judgment等詞。
典型題干是：
1. It can be inferred from the passage that…
2. It can be concluded from the passage that…
3. What does the author imply by saying…
4. It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that…
5. The author implies/suggests/indicates that…
6. The author's attitude toward…… is
判斷推理題可分為3種：推斷題、結(jié)論題、觀點態(tài)度題。
解題技巧：
1. 推斷題。推斷題要求考生以已知事實為基礎(chǔ)作出正確的猜測。推斷題的答案超出了已知的事實，是對未知信息所作的陳述，是作者的言外之意或真正意圖。
2. 結(jié)論題。結(jié)論題要求考生根據(jù)文章中得已知事實得出正確結(jié)論。要得出正確結(jié)論主要采用歸納推理和演繹推理兩種方式。歸納推理作結(jié)論是由個別推出一般，由具體推出抽象得推理過程。在閱讀中，要求讀者針對材料中提供的局部事實，如某一句話，某兩句話，乃至整個段落的信息作歸納，以得出正確的結(jié)論。演繹推理是從一般到個別，從普遍到特殊的推理。演繹推理通常是由大前提，小前提和一個結(jié)論構(gòu)成的，所以也叫"三段論".大前提提出一般原則，小前提指出個別事物，結(jié)論表明推論的結(jié)果。解結(jié)論題時，一定要根據(jù)題目要求就短文的有關(guān)內(nèi)容范圍作出合乎邏輯的可靠的結(jié)論。既要以事實為依據(jù)，也要依據(jù)自己的邏輯常識和經(jīng)驗；既要重視文章主題，也要重視發(fā)展主題的細(xì)節(jié)；而尤為重要的是把握住作者的寫作意圖。
3. 觀點態(tài)度題。態(tài)度就是作者在寫作時對所敘述事件表現(xiàn)出來的個人的主觀感情。具體來說，是作者對所述內(nèi)容是贊成、反對，還是猶豫不定；對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件是稱贊、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。通常，作者的觀點和態(tài)度往往會在文章的措詞、文體和結(jié)構(gòu)中反映出來。只要在閱讀時注意這幾個方面，透過字里行間察其端倪，作者的觀點和態(tài)度就不難把握。
做判斷推理題一定要"以事實為依據(jù)"，但又不能"就事論事"，判斷推理得出的結(jié)果又絕對不是事實本身。解答這類題目，切忌靠常識、專業(yè)知識和智力來臆斷正確答案。如果主觀臆測，必錯無疑。 總之，做判斷推理題要牢記三點：理解事實；分析事實；作出決定。
例題 1
Mrs. Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else. She required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. One day, a young doctor observed cataracts （白內(nèi)障） in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on, and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick, and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to help other patients' She was again able to see and with this, seemed to experience some hearing recovery.
1. The regular attendants of the nursing home were most probably ——.
A. overworked to the point of exhaustion
B. indifferent to the needs of the patients
C. unaware of Mrs. Harris' real problem
D. highly trained medical experts
2. It can be reasonably inferred from this paragraph that:
A. a person's state of health affects his outlook on life
B. nursing homes are staffed with unqualified attendants
C. an elderly person should be cared for by his family
D. state governments should supervise nursing homes closely
3. Evidence suggests that the young doctor was ——.
A. unusual B. alert C. independent D. casual
「答案解析」
1. 基于文中的第四句"No one seemed to realize that she was deaf and blind"，可以推出第 1題的正確答案為 C.
2. 動完眼手術(shù)后，Mrs.．Harris "soon became quite independent…and took to smiling and talking with others．The change In her attitude was amazing"，由此可以得出第 2題的正確答案為 A.
3. 因為文中提到"a young doctor observed cataracts in both her eyes．He discovered that if he spoke in her ear，5. she seemed to respond"所以第 3題的正確答案為B.