If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile， you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing， the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers， you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries； alternatively if you are addressing secretaries， you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
Here is an example， which I heard at a nurses' convention， of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations， beautiful gardens， sunny weather， and so on. Everyone is very peaceful， polite and friendly until， waiting in a line for lunch， the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat， who rushes to the head of the line， grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that？” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh， that's God，” came the reply， “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing， you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous， you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile， so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “ If at first you don't succeed， give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41. To make your humor work， you should ________.
（A）take advantage of different kinds of audience
（B）make fun of the disorganized people
（C）address different problems to different people
（D）show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that， in the eyes of nurses， they are ________.
（A）impolite to new arrivals
（B）very conscious of their godlike role
（C）entitled to some privileges
（D）very busy even during lunch hours
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
（A）have benefited many people
（B）are the focus of public attention
（C）are an inappropriate subject for humor
（D）have often been the laughing stock
44. To achieve the desired result， humorous stories should be delivered ________.
（A）in well-worded language
（B）as awkwardly as possible
（C）in exaggerated statements
（D）as casually as possible
45. The best title for the text may be ________.
（A）Use Humor Effectively
（B）Various Kinds of Humor
（C）Add Humor to Speech
（D）Different Humor Strategies
答案及試題解析
CBDDA
41. [C]
此題較容易，區(qū)分度好。
本題考的是局部信息?？忌灰炊说谝欢蔚谌湓挕癉epending on whom you are addressing， the problems will be different”以及后面的supporting evidence，就能夠準(zhǔn)確地回答本題。
42. [B]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度不太理想。
本題的關(guān)鍵是看學(xué)生是否理解第二段結(jié)尾St.Peter的話。有42.8％的考生選C項(xiàng)是因?yàn)闆](méi)有理解St.Peter的話，而把注意力放在了醫(yī)生的所作所為上，即醫(yī)生把新來(lái)的人推到一邊，沖到隊(duì)伍的最前面等等，因而給人一種他享有特權(quán)的印象。
43. [D]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
本題的關(guān)鍵是第三段的最后一句話，意思是：你去開(kāi)郵局或電話系統(tǒng)（即public services）的玩笑則比較安全，不會(huì)有冒犯什么人的危險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)本句中還出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“scapegoats”，說(shuō)明public services常常成為人們的笑柄。
44. [D]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
本題主要考第四段的內(nèi)容。其中有一些關(guān)鍵詞，如：“natural”，“relaxed”，“unforced”，“l(fā)ight-hearted”等。只要考生看懂了這些詞的意思，這道題就很容易了。
45. [A]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
這道題考的是對(duì)全文的理解，是一道總括題。答總括題需要利用全文的信息。從全文各段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，文章主要是講如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法很容易確定本題的答案。
翻譯句子
1、 Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
[參考譯文]你的幽默必須和聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，而且能夠有助于顯示你是他們中的一分子，或者你了解他們所處的情形并且同意他們的觀點(diǎn)。
2、You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
[參考譯文]如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就會(huì)很安全。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
①Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. [參考譯文]你的幽默必須和聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，而且能夠有助于顯示你是他們中的一分子，或者你了解他們所處的情形并且同意他們的觀點(diǎn)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜單句，句子的主語(yǔ)是your humor，后面有兩個(gè)平行的謂語(yǔ)must be和should help，它們后面分別有其賓語(yǔ)。其中should help后面的賓語(yǔ)是不定式to show，而它的賓語(yǔ)比較復(fù)雜，是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句： that you are one of them和 that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view，中間用or連接。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)明，只需注意show them后面是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句就可以了。后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中有個(gè)很有用的詞組in sympathy with，表示同情、同意、贊同。
②If you are part of the group which you are addressing， you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. [參考譯文]：如果你是你講話對(duì)象中的一員，那么你就身處一種（有利）位置來(lái)了解對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，而且你對(duì)餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評(píng)判也是合適的。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]if引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)條件從句，而后面的主句是兩個(gè)子句構(gòu)成的并列句。在第一個(gè)子句 you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you 中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which are common to all of you來(lái)修飾the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)it is adj. for sb. to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要看懂本句，重點(diǎn)在于要把后面的兩個(gè)子句斷開(kāi)，并分別理解。
③Include a few casual and apparently off-the- cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[參考譯文]：你應(yīng)該（在講話中）還包括幾個(gè)隨意的和似乎是脫日而出的評(píng)論，這些評(píng)論應(yīng)該以一種放松自然的方式表達(dá)出來(lái)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個(gè)祈使句。謂語(yǔ)是include，賓語(yǔ)是remarks，后面有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾它。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意該句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思。
④Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile， so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light -hearted remark.[參考譯文]：經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況是表達(dá)方式會(huì)使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑，因此要講得慢一點(diǎn)，而且記住抬抬眉毛或做出一個(gè)不相信的表情都能有助于顯示你是在講笑話。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]整句可以看成是由so連接的并列句，前后有一定的因果關(guān)系。前面的子句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面又是一個(gè)祈使句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是speak和remember.而remember后面又是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解前后的因果關(guān)系。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解
1.identify認(rèn)出；識(shí)別[大綱詞匯]identify v.認(rèn)出；識(shí)別[衍生詞匯]identification n.認(rèn)明；識(shí)別； 身份證明，簡(jiǎn)寫為ID[經(jīng)典例句] A reasonable man can identify the best method of solving the problem.
2.sympathy同情[大綱詞匯]sympathy n.同情；體諒；[衍生詞匯]詞綴sym-表示“同，相同的” sympathetic adj……同情的；表示同情的；感到同情的antipathy n.憎惡，反感[經(jīng)典例句] Thomas Hardy shows his great sympathy towards his characters.
3.alternatively作為選擇，或者[大綱詞匯]alternative adj.& n.隨便一個(gè)的；二者擇一；選擇[用法解析]alternatively可以用在寫作中，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)另外一個(gè)平行的觀點(diǎn)或意見(jiàn)。
4.St.Peter圣彼得[用法解析]St.是Saint的縮寫，是人們對(duì)耶酥基督的門徒的尊稱。
5.accommodation住處，住所[大綱詞匯] accommodation n.住處，住所[衍生詞匯] accommodate vt.供應(yīng)，供給，使適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)[經(jīng)典例句] The university doesn't provide accommodation for the first-years students.
6.inedible不可食用的[大綱詞匯]edible adj.適合食用的；可食用的[經(jīng)典例句]Although those mushrooms look very appetizing， they are really inedible.
7.canteen食堂，員工餐廳[大綱詞匯]canteen n.食堂，餐廳[記憶方法]這個(gè)詞很好記，它的發(fā)音與漢語(yǔ)的餐廳差不多。
8.appropriate正確的；適當(dāng)?shù)腫大綱詞匯]appropriate adj.正確的；合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)腫經(jīng)典例句] To attend the dinner party， you should choose the appropriate dressing.
9.notorious聲名狼藉的；臭名昭彰的[大綱詞匯] notorious adj.臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的，臭名昭彰的[聯(lián)想記憶](méi) notorious一詞是個(gè)不折不扣的貶義詞，和它意思相近，表示“名氣很大的”的英文詞很多，比如：famous， well-known， renowned， celebrated都是褒義，而貶義的只有infamous一詞。
10.resent憤恨，怨恨[大綱詞匯]resent v.憤恨，怨恨，憤慨[經(jīng)典例句]The Chairman resents all the unfair comments imposed on him.
11 .disparaging蔑視的，輕視的[大綱詞匯]disparaging adj.蔑視的，毀謗的，輕視的[經(jīng)典例句]
please don't make any disparaging remarks.
12.scapegoat替罪羊，代人受過(guò)者[聯(lián)想記憶](méi)記住goat這個(gè)詞。在英文中與“羊”有關(guān)的還有black Sheep，表示敗類，害群之馬。
13 off-the-cuff未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備的；即席的；隨意的[經(jīng)典例句]In order to show your humor， your must make some off-the-cuff humorous remarks.
14 .exaggeration夸張；夸大[大綱詞匯]exaggerate v.夸張；夸大[經(jīng)典例句] The manager exaggerate the difficulties of the situation to get additional financial support from the board.
15.understatement（一種修辭方法）故意的輕描淡寫
全文翻譯
如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問(wèn)題。你的幽默必須與聽(tīng)眾有關(guān)，能夠向他們顯示你是他們的一員，或者你了解他們的情況，同情他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)與你談話的不同對(duì)象，問(wèn)題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以評(píng)論他們秘書的工作方法紊亂；相反，如果你在和一群秘書談話，你就可以評(píng)論她們老板的工作方法紊亂。
下面舉一個(gè)例子，它是我在一個(gè)護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽(tīng)到的。這個(gè)故事效果很好，因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾對(duì)醫(yī)生都有同樣的看法。一個(gè)人到了天堂，由圣彼得帶著他參觀。他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。所有人都很安靜、禮貌和友善，然而當(dāng)這位新來(lái)的人在排隊(duì)等候午餐時(shí)，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只見(jiàn)這人擠到了隊(duì)伍的前頭，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若無(wú)人地走到一張餐桌旁。“這是誰(shuí)?。俊毙聛?lái)的人問(wèn)圣彼得，“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說(shuō)，“但有時(shí)也認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生?！?BR> 如果你是你談話對(duì)象集體中的一員，你就能夠了解你們所共有的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，你就可對(duì)餐廳極難吃的食物或者總裁在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評(píng)頭論足。而對(duì)于其他聽(tīng)眾，你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人對(duì)他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就會(huì)很安全。
如果你在幽默時(shí)感到很別扭，你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話，你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說(shuō)出來(lái)。常常是你說(shuō)話的方式使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑，因此說(shuō)慢一些，并且記住揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情都會(huì)向人們顯示你正在說(shuō)笑話。
留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一開(kāi)始不成功，就放棄”，或者是玩弄語(yǔ)言和情景。留意夸張和打折扣的話?？紤]一下你的談話，選出一些詞匯和句子，顛倒它們的秩序，并注入一些幽默。
Here is an example， which I heard at a nurses' convention， of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations， beautiful gardens， sunny weather， and so on. Everyone is very peaceful， polite and friendly until， waiting in a line for lunch， the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat， who rushes to the head of the line， grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that？” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh， that's God，” came the reply， “but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing， you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward being humorous， you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile， so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “ If at first you don't succeed， give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41. To make your humor work， you should ________.
（A）take advantage of different kinds of audience
（B）make fun of the disorganized people
（C）address different problems to different people
（D）show sympathy for your listeners
42. The joke about doctors implies that， in the eyes of nurses， they are ________.
（A）impolite to new arrivals
（B）very conscious of their godlike role
（C）entitled to some privileges
（D）very busy even during lunch hours
43. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.
（A）have benefited many people
（B）are the focus of public attention
（C）are an inappropriate subject for humor
（D）have often been the laughing stock
44. To achieve the desired result， humorous stories should be delivered ________.
（A）in well-worded language
（B）as awkwardly as possible
（C）in exaggerated statements
（D）as casually as possible
45. The best title for the text may be ________.
（A）Use Humor Effectively
（B）Various Kinds of Humor
（C）Add Humor to Speech
（D）Different Humor Strategies
答案及試題解析
CBDDA
41. [C]
此題較容易，區(qū)分度好。
本題考的是局部信息?？忌灰炊说谝欢蔚谌湓挕癉epending on whom you are addressing， the problems will be different”以及后面的supporting evidence，就能夠準(zhǔn)確地回答本題。
42. [B]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度不太理想。
本題的關(guān)鍵是看學(xué)生是否理解第二段結(jié)尾St.Peter的話。有42.8％的考生選C項(xiàng)是因?yàn)闆](méi)有理解St.Peter的話，而把注意力放在了醫(yī)生的所作所為上，即醫(yī)生把新來(lái)的人推到一邊，沖到隊(duì)伍的最前面等等，因而給人一種他享有特權(quán)的印象。
43. [D]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
本題的關(guān)鍵是第三段的最后一句話，意思是：你去開(kāi)郵局或電話系統(tǒng)（即public services）的玩笑則比較安全，不會(huì)有冒犯什么人的危險(xiǎn)，同時(shí)本句中還出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“scapegoats”，說(shuō)明public services常常成為人們的笑柄。
44. [D]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
本題主要考第四段的內(nèi)容。其中有一些關(guān)鍵詞，如：“natural”，“relaxed”，“unforced”，“l(fā)ight-hearted”等。只要考生看懂了這些詞的意思，這道題就很容易了。
45. [A]
此題的難度合適，區(qū)分度好。
這道題考的是對(duì)全文的理解，是一道總括題。答總括題需要利用全文的信息。從全文各段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，文章主要是講如何有效地使用幽默。采用排除法很容易確定本題的答案。
翻譯句子
1、 Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
[參考譯文]你的幽默必須和聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，而且能夠有助于顯示你是他們中的一分子，或者你了解他們所處的情形并且同意他們的觀點(diǎn)。
2、You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
[參考譯文]如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就會(huì)很安全。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
①Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. [參考譯文]你的幽默必須和聽(tīng)眾相關(guān)，而且能夠有助于顯示你是他們中的一分子，或者你了解他們所處的情形并且同意他們的觀點(diǎn)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜單句，句子的主語(yǔ)是your humor，后面有兩個(gè)平行的謂語(yǔ)must be和should help，它們后面分別有其賓語(yǔ)。其中should help后面的賓語(yǔ)是不定式to show，而它的賓語(yǔ)比較復(fù)雜，是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句： that you are one of them和 that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view，中間用or連接。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)明，只需注意show them后面是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句就可以了。后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中有個(gè)很有用的詞組in sympathy with，表示同情、同意、贊同。
②If you are part of the group which you are addressing， you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. [參考譯文]：如果你是你講話對(duì)象中的一員，那么你就身處一種（有利）位置來(lái)了解對(duì)你們來(lái)說(shuō)都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，而且你對(duì)餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領(lǐng)帶品位進(jìn)行隨意評(píng)判也是合適的。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]if引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)條件從句，而后面的主句是兩個(gè)子句構(gòu)成的并列句。在第一個(gè)子句 you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you 中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which are common to all of you來(lái)修飾the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)it is adj. for sb. to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要看懂本句，重點(diǎn)在于要把后面的兩個(gè)子句斷開(kāi)，并分別理解。
③Include a few casual and apparently off-the- cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[參考譯文]：你應(yīng)該（在講話中）還包括幾個(gè)隨意的和似乎是脫日而出的評(píng)論，這些評(píng)論應(yīng)該以一種放松自然的方式表達(dá)出來(lái)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]該句是一個(gè)祈使句。謂語(yǔ)是include，賓語(yǔ)是remarks，后面有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾它。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意該句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思。
④Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile， so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light -hearted remark.[參考譯文]：經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況是表達(dá)方式會(huì)使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑，因此要講得慢一點(diǎn)，而且記住抬抬眉毛或做出一個(gè)不相信的表情都能有助于顯示你是在講笑話。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]整句可以看成是由so連接的并列句，前后有一定的因果關(guān)系。前面的子句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面又是一個(gè)祈使句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是speak和remember.而remember后面又是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]要理解前后的因果關(guān)系。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解
1.identify認(rèn)出；識(shí)別[大綱詞匯]identify v.認(rèn)出；識(shí)別[衍生詞匯]identification n.認(rèn)明；識(shí)別； 身份證明，簡(jiǎn)寫為ID[經(jīng)典例句] A reasonable man can identify the best method of solving the problem.
2.sympathy同情[大綱詞匯]sympathy n.同情；體諒；[衍生詞匯]詞綴sym-表示“同，相同的” sympathetic adj……同情的；表示同情的；感到同情的antipathy n.憎惡，反感[經(jīng)典例句] Thomas Hardy shows his great sympathy towards his characters.
3.alternatively作為選擇，或者[大綱詞匯]alternative adj.& n.隨便一個(gè)的；二者擇一；選擇[用法解析]alternatively可以用在寫作中，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)另外一個(gè)平行的觀點(diǎn)或意見(jiàn)。
4.St.Peter圣彼得[用法解析]St.是Saint的縮寫，是人們對(duì)耶酥基督的門徒的尊稱。
5.accommodation住處，住所[大綱詞匯] accommodation n.住處，住所[衍生詞匯] accommodate vt.供應(yīng)，供給，使適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)[經(jīng)典例句] The university doesn't provide accommodation for the first-years students.
6.inedible不可食用的[大綱詞匯]edible adj.適合食用的；可食用的[經(jīng)典例句]Although those mushrooms look very appetizing， they are really inedible.
7.canteen食堂，員工餐廳[大綱詞匯]canteen n.食堂，餐廳[記憶方法]這個(gè)詞很好記，它的發(fā)音與漢語(yǔ)的餐廳差不多。
8.appropriate正確的；適當(dāng)?shù)腫大綱詞匯]appropriate adj.正確的；合適的；適當(dāng)?shù)腫經(jīng)典例句] To attend the dinner party， you should choose the appropriate dressing.
9.notorious聲名狼藉的；臭名昭彰的[大綱詞匯] notorious adj.臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的，臭名昭彰的[聯(lián)想記憶](méi) notorious一詞是個(gè)不折不扣的貶義詞，和它意思相近，表示“名氣很大的”的英文詞很多，比如：famous， well-known， renowned， celebrated都是褒義，而貶義的只有infamous一詞。
10.resent憤恨，怨恨[大綱詞匯]resent v.憤恨，怨恨，憤慨[經(jīng)典例句]The Chairman resents all the unfair comments imposed on him.
11 .disparaging蔑視的，輕視的[大綱詞匯]disparaging adj.蔑視的，毀謗的，輕視的[經(jīng)典例句]
please don't make any disparaging remarks.
12.scapegoat替罪羊，代人受過(guò)者[聯(lián)想記憶](méi)記住goat這個(gè)詞。在英文中與“羊”有關(guān)的還有black Sheep，表示敗類，害群之馬。
13 off-the-cuff未經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備的；即席的；隨意的[經(jīng)典例句]In order to show your humor， your must make some off-the-cuff humorous remarks.
14 .exaggeration夸張；夸大[大綱詞匯]exaggerate v.夸張；夸大[經(jīng)典例句] The manager exaggerate the difficulties of the situation to get additional financial support from the board.
15.understatement（一種修辭方法）故意的輕描淡寫
全文翻譯
如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問(wèn)題。你的幽默必須與聽(tīng)眾有關(guān)，能夠向他們顯示你是他們的一員，或者你了解他們的情況，同情他們的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)與你談話的不同對(duì)象，問(wèn)題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以評(píng)論他們秘書的工作方法紊亂；相反，如果你在和一群秘書談話，你就可以評(píng)論她們老板的工作方法紊亂。
下面舉一個(gè)例子，它是我在一個(gè)護(hù)士大會(huì)上聽(tīng)到的。這個(gè)故事效果很好，因?yàn)槁?tīng)眾對(duì)醫(yī)生都有同樣的看法。一個(gè)人到了天堂，由圣彼得帶著他參觀。他看到了豪華的住宅、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。所有人都很安靜、禮貌和友善，然而當(dāng)這位新來(lái)的人在排隊(duì)等候午餐時(shí)，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只見(jiàn)這人擠到了隊(duì)伍的前頭，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若無(wú)人地走到一張餐桌旁。“這是誰(shuí)?。俊毙聛?lái)的人問(wèn)圣彼得，“哦，那是上帝，”他回答說(shuō)，“但有時(shí)也認(rèn)為自己是一名醫(yī)生?！?BR> 如果你是你談話對(duì)象集體中的一員，你就能夠了解你們所共有的經(jīng)歷和問(wèn)題，你就可對(duì)餐廳極難吃的食物或者總裁在選擇領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味進(jìn)行評(píng)頭論足。而對(duì)于其他聽(tīng)眾，你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S不喜歡外人對(duì)他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。如果你選擇去評(píng)論郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就會(huì)很安全。
如果你在幽默時(shí)感到很別扭，你應(yīng)該進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話，你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說(shuō)出來(lái)。常常是你說(shuō)話的方式使聽(tīng)眾發(fā)笑，因此說(shuō)慢一些，并且記住揚(yáng)揚(yáng)眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情都會(huì)向人們顯示你正在說(shuō)笑話。
留意幽默，它常常是在出其不意的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)。它可以是一句常言的歪曲如“你要是一開(kāi)始不成功，就放棄”，或者是玩弄語(yǔ)言和情景。留意夸張和打折扣的話?？紤]一下你的談話，選出一些詞匯和句子，顛倒它們的秩序，并注入一些幽默。