2009年考研英語沖擊翻譯不得不戀(23)

字號(hào):

英譯漢中省略 ( 3 )——★修飾詞的省略★
    例一: But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析: the patterns and structures 直譯為"形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)",這是一個(gè)非??斩吹母拍睿绻皇菍?duì)它的范圍進(jìn)行限制,勢必使整個(gè)句子意思表達(dá)不清。英語里倒是有解決的辦法,那就是使用定冠詞 the ,究竟是什么東西的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu),看前文就知道了。由于漢語里沒有定冠詞,非得把 the patterns and structures 補(bǔ)充成 the patterns and structures of cosmic clouds 才清楚,所以要翻譯成"宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)"。
    例二: It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. (1999 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析: 句中 sources 和 activity 都很抽象,根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的意思,英語實(shí)際上是在這兩個(gè)前面省略了修飾語, sources=historical sources (文章前面出現(xiàn)過這個(gè)表達(dá)法), activity=research activity , 英語可以省略那是英語的事,漢語里如果不清楚就必須補(bǔ)充。
    英譯漢中省略 ( 4 )——★從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略★
    例一: It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans ,or with no consideration at all. (1997 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析: humans extend to other humans 顯然是從句,可是前面沒有從句引導(dǎo)詞,出現(xiàn)這種情況一般是省略了 that (少數(shù)情況下也可以省略 who,which 或 when,why ) , 這個(gè)被省略的 that 引導(dǎo)其它從句到?jīng)]有什么關(guān)系,如果是引導(dǎo)定語從句那就一定要注意,因?yàn)?that 在定語從句中一定充當(dāng)句子成分,沒有它句子是不完整的,像在這個(gè)從句里它就是作動(dòng)詞 extend 的賓語,翻譯時(shí)一定要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行省略或者補(bǔ)充。
    例二: Some ,however ,are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority ,act to alter the growth patterns of different areas. (1996 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析: 它是一個(gè)多重復(fù)合句, some are ...... 是主句, in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾名詞 growth , 其中 preconceptions 是定語從句的主語, of the form 是它的修飾語, scientific theory ought to take 是省略了從句引導(dǎo)詞 that 的定語從句,修飾名詞 form, act to ...... 則是 in which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語部分。這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)難就難在定語從句里還套有一個(gè)定語從句,而這個(gè)定語從句還省略了從句引導(dǎo)詞 that ,如果把這個(gè)從句引導(dǎo)詞補(bǔ)上,這個(gè)句子的難度就會(huì)明顯下降。由于被省略的 that 指代先行詞 the form , 在定語從句中作 take 的賓語,這里就出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語 take the form of ...... ( 采取......形式)。整個(gè)句子可翻譯成:然后,有些原因卻是不同發(fā)展中不太合理的過程, 在這些不同的發(fā)展中,關(guān)于科學(xué)理論應(yīng)該采取何種形式的先入之見,據(jù)權(quán)威人士們認(rèn)為,起著改變不同領(lǐng)域發(fā)展模式的作用。