??我們知道,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if,常見的if條件狀語從句表示在某條件下,某事很可能發(fā)生,條件是可能存在的,主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。如:
??If you ask him,he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙,他會(huì)幫你的。
??If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考試不及格,你會(huì)讓他失望的。
??If you have finished the homework, you can go home.如果你作業(yè)做完了就可以回家了。
??另外,if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設(shè)。如:
??If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。
??I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞,我本會(huì)來得早一些。 那么,除了if之外,是否還有其他連詞可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句呢?回答是肯定的。不僅有,還有很多。這些詞由于出現(xiàn)的頻率小,且用法較復(fù)雜一些,所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。下面就這些詞的用法做一介紹。
??1.unless conj.除非;若不;如果不……;除非在……時(shí)候
??You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。
??Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every morning.除非天氣不好,我每天早晨都要去散步。
??I won't loan you unless you are in extreme need of money.若不是你急需用錢,我不會(huì)借錢給你的。
??2.on condition that...只有在……條件下,以……為條件
??on condition引導(dǎo)的條件從句是主句中事件發(fā)生的前提條件或條件。
??I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。
??You can pass the custom on condition that we have checked your luggage.你可以通過海關(guān),但條件是我們得檢查完你的行李。
??3.supposing conj.假若,倘若
??supposing 引導(dǎo)的從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??Supposing it rains,shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行嗎?
?
??Supposing the stocks of food run out,what shall we do?假若儲(chǔ)備的食品都吃光了,我們?cè)趺崔k呢?
??4.given conj.倘若;假使
??"given +that從句"表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??Given that she was really involved in the case,it was hard for her to clear herself?ofacharge.倘若她真的卷入那個(gè)案子,她很難證明自己無所控之罪行。
??Given that she was really interested in children, teaching was a proper career for her.倘若她真的對(duì)孩子感興趣,教師這一職業(yè)對(duì)她來說很合適。
??5.provided conj.假若
? "provided +(that)從句"表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??He will sign the contact provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會(huì)在合同上簽字。
??He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見,他就不在會(huì)上反對(duì)我們。
??從上述例句可以看出,if,unless,on condition that, provided,given,supposing等連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主從句條件關(guān)系分明,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,一看便知是條件狀語從句。但有些句子,雖沒有主從句的條件關(guān)系,也沒有連詞,卻隱含著條件關(guān)系,這些句子常用一些介詞,如but for,without等,引出一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如:
??But for the rain,we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定很愉快。
??But for your help we should not have finished in time.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
??Without water there would be no life on earth at all.如果沒有水,地球上就不會(huì)有生命。
??If you ask him,he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙,他會(huì)幫你的。
??If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考試不及格,你會(huì)讓他失望的。
??If you have finished the homework, you can go home.如果你作業(yè)做完了就可以回家了。
??另外,if從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設(shè)。如:
??If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。
??I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞,我本會(huì)來得早一些。 那么,除了if之外,是否還有其他連詞可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句呢?回答是肯定的。不僅有,還有很多。這些詞由于出現(xiàn)的頻率小,且用法較復(fù)雜一些,所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。下面就這些詞的用法做一介紹。
??1.unless conj.除非;若不;如果不……;除非在……時(shí)候
??You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。
??Unless bad weather stops me,I go for a walk every morning.除非天氣不好,我每天早晨都要去散步。
??I won't loan you unless you are in extreme need of money.若不是你急需用錢,我不會(huì)借錢給你的。
??2.on condition that...只有在……條件下,以……為條件
??on condition引導(dǎo)的條件從句是主句中事件發(fā)生的前提條件或條件。
??I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。
??You can pass the custom on condition that we have checked your luggage.你可以通過海關(guān),但條件是我們得檢查完你的行李。
??3.supposing conj.假若,倘若
??supposing 引導(dǎo)的從句表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??Supposing it rains,shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行嗎?
?
??Supposing the stocks of food run out,what shall we do?假若儲(chǔ)備的食品都吃光了,我們?cè)趺崔k呢?
??4.given conj.倘若;假使
??"given +that從句"表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??Given that she was really involved in the case,it was hard for her to clear herself?ofacharge.倘若她真的卷入那個(gè)案子,她很難證明自己無所控之罪行。
??Given that she was really interested in children, teaching was a proper career for her.倘若她真的對(duì)孩子感興趣,教師這一職業(yè)對(duì)她來說很合適。
??5.provided conj.假若
? "provided +(that)從句"表示一種假設(shè)條件。
??He will sign the contact provided we offer more favorable terms.如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件,他就會(huì)在合同上簽字。
??He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見,他就不在會(huì)上反對(duì)我們。
??從上述例句可以看出,if,unless,on condition that, provided,given,supposing等連詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,主從句條件關(guān)系分明,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,一看便知是條件狀語從句。但有些句子,雖沒有主從句的條件關(guān)系,也沒有連詞,卻隱含著條件關(guān)系,這些句子常用一些介詞,如but for,without等,引出一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示條件,條件常常是虛擬的或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如:
??But for the rain,we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我們的旅行肯定很愉快。
??But for your help we should not have finished in time.要不是你幫忙,我們肯定不能及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
??Without water there would be no life on earth at all.如果沒有水,地球上就不會(huì)有生命。