??英語句子的一般語序為"主語＋謂語"。如果把在正常情況下通常出現(xiàn)在后面的成分移至句首，使之處于突出的位置，從而起到特殊強調(diào)的作用，我們稱這種語法手段為前置。使用前置手段的結(jié)果，有時會引起局部倒裝，有時則會引起全部倒裝。以下就句子成分的前置而引起的倒裝談談自己的看法。
??1．謂語動詞的前置
?
??當謂語動詞是由情態(tài)動詞（或助動詞）＋行為動詞構(gòu)成時，為了強調(diào)動作，可將行為動詞移至句首，形成倒裝。例如：
??While he can't do，do he will．
??Write a poem I can't；let me write an essay instead．
??2．賓語的前置
??一般情況下，賓語前置不會引起全部倒裝，但當前置賓語由"not a ＋名詞"或"not a single ＋名詞"構(gòu)成時，會引起全部倒裝。例如：
??The young fellow had a terrible time gambling at the casino．Not a winning number did he have all night．
??3．賓語補足語的前置
??賓語補足語一般應放在賓語之后，但如果賓語過長，則應將其移至賓語之前，結(jié)構(gòu)為：動詞＋賓語補足語＋賓語。例如：
??Tom made clear his whole-hearted support to the project．
??4．表語的前置
??如果主語較長或主語結(jié)構(gòu)較復雜，有時將表語置于句首，引起倒裝。例如：
??Satisfied indeed are those who get position promotion．
??有時為使上下文聯(lián)系緊密而把表語移至句首引起倒裝。例如：
??An atom is made up like a solar system．In the center is something like our sun of??great mass-the nucleus．
??5．定語的前置
??當從句、不定式或介詞短語等作定語修飾主語時，通常緊跟在主語之后，但如果定語成分過長，應將其放在謂語動詞之后，以使主語和謂語靠近，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語＋謂語＋定語。例如：
??The time had come for my sister to have a serious talk with her boyfriend．
??6．狀語的前置
? 最通常引起倒裝的是某些狀語的前置。這里有兩種情況：一種是全部倒裝，即整個謂語置于主語之前；另一種是局部倒裝，即僅將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。引起倒裝的前置狀語大體可分為下列幾種情況：
??1）當表示地點的副詞或介詞短語作句首狀語時，常引起全部倒裝。例如：
??From the valley came a frightening sound．
??Here comes the bus．
??2）never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時，大多數(shù)情況下會引起主謂語序的倒裝。常見的這
??類詞或詞組有never，seldom， rarely，no sooner，not only．．．but（also）等。例如：
??Never have women received so much equal rights available as today．
??No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong．
??3）句首狀語由only ＋副詞／介詞短語或only ＋狀語從句構(gòu)成時，也可引起倒裝。例如：
??Only once have she gone there．
??Only under special circumstances are people permitted to enter this room．
??Only when you have mastered some basic language knowledge can you communicate correctly．
??如果only修飾的是句子的主語，則不必用倒裝。例如：
??Only freshmen are permitted to take part in the English contest．
??4）當狀語結(jié)構(gòu)"so＋副詞"前置時，通常引起局部倒裝。例如：
??So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus．
??5）當頻度狀語和方式狀語等移至句首時，有時也引起倒裝。例如：
??Many a time has teacher given me good advice．
??Thus began peaceful times between the two countries．
??6）虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的條件從句省去if時，were，had和 should要移至主語之前，引起倒裝。例如：
??Had they time，they would certainly come and helpus．
??Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problem．
??Exercises：
??1．Under the big tree________of six years old．
??a．sat a little girl? b．did a little girl sat
??c．a(chǎn) little girl was sitting d．?a little girl sat
??2．Only after being advised several times，________to apologize to us．
??a．then he began? b．did he begin
??c．he could tell? d．he began
??3．Not until yesterday morning________raining．
??a．it had stopped? b．had it stopped
??c．it stopped??? d．it did stop
??4．So rich_________that he has money to travel around the world．
??a．he was? b．he is??c．is he? d．was he
??5．"What did you do yesterday ？________"
??a．the man asked?b．a(chǎn)sked the man
??c．did the man ask?d．both a and b
??Answers：1．a(chǎn)? 2．b? 3．b? 4．c? 5．d
??1．謂語動詞的前置
?
??當謂語動詞是由情態(tài)動詞（或助動詞）＋行為動詞構(gòu)成時，為了強調(diào)動作，可將行為動詞移至句首，形成倒裝。例如：
??While he can't do，do he will．
??Write a poem I can't；let me write an essay instead．
??2．賓語的前置
??一般情況下，賓語前置不會引起全部倒裝，但當前置賓語由"not a ＋名詞"或"not a single ＋名詞"構(gòu)成時，會引起全部倒裝。例如：
??The young fellow had a terrible time gambling at the casino．Not a winning number did he have all night．
??3．賓語補足語的前置
??賓語補足語一般應放在賓語之后，但如果賓語過長，則應將其移至賓語之前，結(jié)構(gòu)為：動詞＋賓語補足語＋賓語。例如：
??Tom made clear his whole-hearted support to the project．
??4．表語的前置
??如果主語較長或主語結(jié)構(gòu)較復雜，有時將表語置于句首，引起倒裝。例如：
??Satisfied indeed are those who get position promotion．
??有時為使上下文聯(lián)系緊密而把表語移至句首引起倒裝。例如：
??An atom is made up like a solar system．In the center is something like our sun of??great mass-the nucleus．
??5．定語的前置
??當從句、不定式或介詞短語等作定語修飾主語時，通常緊跟在主語之后，但如果定語成分過長，應將其放在謂語動詞之后，以使主語和謂語靠近，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語＋謂語＋定語。例如：
??The time had come for my sister to have a serious talk with her boyfriend．
??6．狀語的前置
? 最通常引起倒裝的是某些狀語的前置。這里有兩種情況：一種是全部倒裝，即整個謂語置于主語之前；另一種是局部倒裝，即僅將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。引起倒裝的前置狀語大體可分為下列幾種情況：
??1）當表示地點的副詞或介詞短語作句首狀語時，常引起全部倒裝。例如：
??From the valley came a frightening sound．
??Here comes the bus．
??2）never等具有否定意義的詞或詞組居于句首時，大多數(shù)情況下會引起主謂語序的倒裝。常見的這
??類詞或詞組有never，seldom， rarely，no sooner，not only．．．but（also）等。例如：
??Never have women received so much equal rights available as today．
??No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong．
??3）句首狀語由only ＋副詞／介詞短語或only ＋狀語從句構(gòu)成時，也可引起倒裝。例如：
??Only once have she gone there．
??Only under special circumstances are people permitted to enter this room．
??Only when you have mastered some basic language knowledge can you communicate correctly．
??如果only修飾的是句子的主語，則不必用倒裝。例如：
??Only freshmen are permitted to take part in the English contest．
??4）當狀語結(jié)構(gòu)"so＋副詞"前置時，通常引起局部倒裝。例如：
??So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus．
??5）當頻度狀語和方式狀語等移至句首時，有時也引起倒裝。例如：
??Many a time has teacher given me good advice．
??Thus began peaceful times between the two countries．
??6）虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的條件從句省去if時，were，had和 should要移至主語之前，引起倒裝。例如：
??Had they time，they would certainly come and helpus．
??Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problem．
??Exercises：
??1．Under the big tree________of six years old．
??a．sat a little girl? b．did a little girl sat
??c．a(chǎn) little girl was sitting d．?a little girl sat
??2．Only after being advised several times，________to apologize to us．
??a．then he began? b．did he begin
??c．he could tell? d．he began
??3．Not until yesterday morning________raining．
??a．it had stopped? b．had it stopped
??c．it stopped??? d．it did stop
??4．So rich_________that he has money to travel around the world．
??a．he was? b．he is??c．is he? d．was he
??5．"What did you do yesterday ？________"
??a．the man asked?b．a(chǎn)sked the man
??c．did the man ask?d．both a and b
??Answers：1．a(chǎn)? 2．b? 3．b? 4．c? 5．d