在yii框架中使用php模板引擎twig的例子

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    twig是一款快速、安全、靈活的php模板引擎,它內(nèi)置了許多filter和tags,并且支持模板繼承,能讓你用最簡潔的代碼來描述你的模板。他的語法和python下的模板引擎jinjia以及django的模板語法都非常像。 比如我們在php中需要輸出變量并且將其進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)義時(shí),語法比較累贅:
    代碼如下:
    <?php echo $var ?>
    <?php echo htmlspecialchars(\$var, ent_quotes, 'utf-8') ?>
    但是在twig中可以這樣寫:
    代碼如下:
    {{ var }}
    {{ var|escape }}
    {{ var|e }}         {# shortcut to escape a variable #}
    遍歷數(shù)組:
    代碼如下:
    {% for user in users %}
      * {{ user.name }}
    {% else %}
      no user has been found.
    {% endfor %}
    但是要在yii framework集成twig就會遇到點(diǎn)麻煩了,官方網(wǎng)站中已經(jīng)有能夠集成twig的方案,所以這里我也不再贅述。但是由于twig中是不支持php語法的,所以在有些表達(dá)上會遇到困難,比如我們在寫form的視圖時(shí),經(jīng)常會這么寫:
    代碼如下:
    <?php $form=$this->beginwidget('cactiveform'); ?>
        <span>login</span>
        <ul>
      <li>
        <?php echo $form->label($model,'username'); ?>
                    <?php echo $form->textfield($model,'username'); ?>
      </li>
      <li>
        <?php echo $form->label($model,'password'); ?>
                    <?php echo $form->passwordfield($model,'password'); ?>
      </li>
      <li class=last>
        <button type=submit>login</button>
      </li>
    </ul>
        <?php echo $form->error($model,'password'); ?>
    <?php $this->endwidget(); ?>
    但是這樣的語法是沒法在twig中表達(dá)的,所以想去擴(kuò)展下twig的功能,讓他能夠支持我們自定義的widget標(biāo)簽,然后自動解析成我們需要的代碼。 總共需要兩個(gè)類:tokenparser和node,下面直接上代碼:
    代碼如下:
    <?php
    /*
     * this file is an extension of twig.
     *
     * (c) 2010 lfyzjck
     */
    /**
     * parser widget tag in yii framework
     *
     * {% beginwidget 'cactiveform' as form %}
     *    content of form
     * {% endwidget %}
     *
     */
    class yii_widgetblock_tokenparser extends twig_tokenparser
    {
        /**
         * parses a token and returns a node.
         *
         * @param twig_token $token a twig_token instance
         *
         * @return twig_nodeinterface a twig_nodeinterface instance
         */
        public function parse(twig_token $token)
        {
            $lineno = $token->getline();
            $stream = $this->parser->getstream();
            $name = $stream->expect(twig_token::string_type);
            if($stream->test(twig_token::punctuation_type)){
                $args = $this->parser->getexpressionparser()->parsehashexpression();
            }
            else{
                $args = new twig_node_expression_array(array(), $lineno);
            }
            $stream->expect(twig_token::name_type);
            $assign = $stream->expect(twig_token::name_type);
            $stream->expect(twig_token::block_end_type);
            $body = $this->parser->subparse(array($this, 'decideblockend'), true);
            $stream->expect(twig_token::block_end_type);
            return new yii_node_widgetblock(array(
                'alias' => $name->getvalue(),
                'assign' => $assign,
            ), $body, $args, $lineno, $this->gettag());
        }
        /**
         * gets the tag name associated with this token parser.
         *
         * @param string the tag name
         */
        public function gettag()
        {
            return 'beginwidget';
        }
        public function decideblockend(twig_token $token)
        {
            return $token->test('endwidget');
        }
    }
    class yii_node_widgetblock extends twig_node
    {
        public function __construct($attrs, twig_nodeinterface $body, twig_node_expression_array $args = null, $lineno, $tag)
        {
            $attrs = array_merge(array('value' => false),$attrs);
            $nodes = array('args' => $args, 'body' => $body);  
            parent::__construct($nodes, $attrs, $lineno,$tag);
        }
        public function compile(twig_compiler $compiler)
        {
            $compiler->adddebuginfo($this);
            $compiler->write('$context['.$this->getattribute('assign')->getvalue().'] = $context[this]->beginwidget('.$this->getattribute('alias').',');
            $argnode = $this->getnode('args');
            $compiler->subcompile($argnode)
                     ->raw(');')
                     ->raw(\n);
            $compiler->indent()->subcompile($this->getnode('body'));
            $compiler->raw('$context[this]->endwidget();');
        }
    }
    ?>
    然后在twig初始化的地方增加我們的語法解析類:
    代碼如下:
    $twig->addtokenparser(new yii_widgetblock_tokenparser);
    然后我們就可以在twig的模板里這么寫了:
    代碼如下:
    {% beginwidget 'cactiveform' as form %}
    <ul>
      <li>
        {{ form.label(model, 'username') }}
        {{ form.textfield(model, 'username') }}
      </li>
      <li>
        {{ form.label(model, 'password') }}
        {{ form.passwordfield(model, 'password') }}
      </li>
    </ul>
    {% endwidget %}