iphone中如何進(jìn)行多線程編程

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    多線程在各種編程語言中都是難點(diǎn),很多語言中實(shí)現(xiàn)起來很麻煩,objective-c雖然源于c,但其多線程編程卻相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,可以與java相媲美。這篇文章主要從線程創(chuàng)建與啟動(dòng)、線程的同步與鎖、線程的交互、線程池等等四個(gè)方面簡(jiǎn)單的講解一下iphone中的多線程編程。
    一、線程創(chuàng)建與啟動(dòng)
    線程創(chuàng)建主要有二種方式:
    - (id)init; // designated initializer
    - (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;當(dāng)然,還有一種比較特殊,就是使用所謂的convenient method,這個(gè)方法可以直接生成一個(gè)線程并啟動(dòng)它,而且無需為線程的清理負(fù)責(zé)。這個(gè)方法的接口是:
    + (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument前兩種方法創(chuàng)建后,需要手機(jī)啟動(dòng),啟動(dòng)的方法是:
    - (void)start;
    二、線程的同步與鎖
    要說明線程的同步與鎖,最好的例子可能就是多個(gè)窗口同時(shí)售票的售票系統(tǒng)了。我們知道在java中,使用synchronized來同步,而iphone雖然沒有提供類似java下的synchronized關(guān)鍵字,但提供了NSCondition對(duì)象接口。查看NSCondition的接口說明可以看出,NSCondition是iphone下的鎖對(duì)象,所以我們可以使用NSCondition實(shí)現(xiàn)iphone中的線程安全。這是來源于網(wǎng)上的一個(gè)例子:
    SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件
    // SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
    import
    @interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject {
    int tickets;
    int count;
    NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
    NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
    NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
    UIWindow *window;
    }
    @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
    @end
    SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件
    // SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
    import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"
    @implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
    @synthesize window;
    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
    tickets = 100;
    count = 0;
    // 鎖對(duì)象
    ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc] init];
    ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
    [ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1"];
    [ticketsThreadone start];
    ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
    [ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2"];
    [ticketsThreadtwo start];
    //[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
    // Override point for customization after application launch
    [window makeKeyAndVisible];
    }
    - (void)run{
    while (TRUE) {
    // 上鎖
    [ticketsCondition lock];
    if(tickets > 0){
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5];
    count = 100 - tickets;
    NSLog(@"當(dāng)前票數(shù)是:%d,售出:%d,線程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread] name]);
    tickets--;
    }else{
    break;
    }
    [ticketsCondition unlock];
    }
    }
    - (void)dealloc {
    [ticketsThreadone release];
    [ticketsThreadtwo release];
    [ticketsCondition release];
    [window release];
    [super dealloc];
    }
    @end
    三、線程的交互
    線程在運(yùn)行過程中,可能需要與其它線程進(jìn)行通信,如在主線程中修改界面等等,可以使用如下接口:
    - (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait
    由于在本過程中,可能需要釋放一些資源,則需要使用NSAutoreleasePool來進(jìn)行管理,如:
    - (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    // to do something in your thread job
    ...
    [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
    [pool release];
    }
    如果你什么都不考慮,在線程函數(shù)內(nèi)調(diào)用 autorelease 、那么會(huì)出現(xiàn)下面的錯(cuò)誤:
    NSAutoReleaseNoPool(): Object 0x********* of class NSConreteData autoreleased with no pool in place ….
    四、關(guān)于線程池,大家可以查看NSOperation的相關(guān)資料