iphone中如何進行多線程編程

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    名單
    多線程在各種編程語言中都是難點,很多語言中實現(xiàn)起來很麻煩,objective-c雖然源于c,但其多線程編程卻相當簡單,可以與java相媲美。這篇文章主要從線程創(chuàng)建與啟動、線程的同步與鎖、線程的交互、線程池等等四個方面簡單的講解一下iphone中的多線程編程。
    一、線程創(chuàng)建與啟動
    線程創(chuàng)建主要有二種方式:
    - (id)init; // designated initializer
    - (id)initwithtarget:(id)target selector:(sel)selector object:(id)argument;當然,還有一種比較特殊,就是使用所謂的convenient method,這個方法可以直接生成一個線程并啟動它,而且無需為線程的清理負責。這個方法的接口是:
    + (void)detachnewthreadselector:(sel)aselector totarget:(id)atarget withobject:(id)anargument前兩種方法創(chuàng)建后,需要手機啟動,啟動的方法是:
    - (void)start;
    二、線程的同步與鎖
    要說明線程的同步與鎖,最好的例子可能就是多個窗口同時售票的售票系統(tǒng)了。我們知道在java中,使用synchronized來同步,而iphone雖然沒有提供類似java下的synchronized關(guān)鍵字,但提供了nscondition對象接口。查看nscondition的接口說明可以看出,nscondition是iphone下的鎖對象,所以我們可以使用nscondition實現(xiàn)iphone中的線程安全。這是來源于網(wǎng)上的一個例子:
    sellticketsappdelegate.h 文件
    // sellticketsappdelegate.h
    import
    @interface sellticketsappdelegate : nsobject {
    int tickets;
    int count;
    nsthread* ticketsthreadone;
    nsthread* ticketsthreadtwo;
    nscondition* ticketscondition;
    uiwindow *window;
    }
    @property (nonatomic, retain) iboutlet uiwindow *window;
    @end
    sellticketsappdelegate.m 文件
    // sellticketsappdelegate.m
    import sellticketsappdelegate.h
    @implementation sellticketsappdelegate
    @synthesize window;
    - (void)applicationdidfinishlaunching:(uiapplication *)application {
    tickets = 100;
    count = 0;
    // 鎖對象
    ticketcondition = [[nscondition alloc] init];
    ticketsthreadone = [[nsthread alloc] initwithtarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
    [ticketsthreadone setname:@thread-1];
    [ticketsthreadone start];
    ticketsthreadtwo = [[nsthread alloc] initwithtarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
    [ticketsthreadtwo setname:@thread-2];
    [ticketsthreadtwo start];
    //[nsthread detachnewthreadselector:@selector(run) totarget:self withobject:nil];
    // override point for customization after application launch
    [window makekeyandvisible];
    }
    - (void)run{
    while (true) {
    // 上鎖
    [ticketscondition lock];
    if(tickets > 0){
    [nsthread sleepfortimeinterval:0.5];
    count = 100 - tickets;
    nslog(@當前票數(shù)是:%d,售出:%d,線程名:%@,tickets,count,[[nsthread currentthread] name]);
    tickets--;
    }else{
    break;
    }
    [ticketscondition unlock];
    }
    }
    - (void)dealloc {
    [ticketsthreadone release];
    [ticketsthreadtwo release];
    [ticketscondition release];
    [window release];
    [super dealloc];
    }
    @end
    三、線程的交互
    線程在運行過程中,可能需要與其它線程進行通信,如在主線程中修改界面等等,可以使用如下接口:
    - (void)performselectoronmainthread:(sel)aselector withobject:(id)arg waituntildone:(bool)wait
    由于在本過程中,可能需要釋放一些資源,則需要使用nsautoreleasepool來進行管理,如:
    - (void)startthebackgroundjob {
    nsautoreleasepool *pool = [[nsautoreleasepool alloc] init];
    // to do something in your thread job
    ...
    [self performselectoronmainthread:@selector(makemyprogressbarmoving) withobject:nil waituntildone:no];
    [pool release];
    }
    如果你什么都不考慮,在線程函數(shù)內(nèi)調(diào)用 autorelease 、那么會出現(xiàn)下面的錯誤:
    nsautoreleasenopool(): object 0x********* of class nsconretedata autoreleased with no pool in place ….
    四、關(guān)于線程池,大家可以查看nsoperation的相關(guān)資料