小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)
1.人稱代詞
主格： I, we, you, she, he, it ,they
賓格： me, us, you, her, him, it, them
形容詞性物主代詞：my, our, your, her, his, its, their
名詞性物主代詞： mine, ours, yours ,hers ,his, its, theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er
older, taller ,longer ,stronger， etc
(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more
more interesting， etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個字母，再+er
bigger, fatter， etc.
(4) 把y變i，再+er
heavier， earlier， etc.
(5) 不規(guī)則變化：
well-better， much/many-more， etc.
3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
大多數(shù)名詞+ s ： a book –books
以輔音y結(jié)尾的名詞， y變i加es： a story—stories
以 s， sh， ch 或 x 結(jié)尾的名詞，加 es ：a glass—glasses; a watch-watches
以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，加s 或es： a piano—pianos ;a mango—mangoes
以f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，將f 或 fe 變?yōu)関es： a knife –knives ;a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread， rice， water ，juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I’m = I am ;you’re = you are ;she’s = she is ;he’s = he is;
it’s = it is ;who’s =who is ;can’t =can not; isn’t=is not ，etc
6. a/an
a book， a peach
an egg， an hour
7. Preposition(介詞)
表示方位：on， in ，in front of， between， next to， near， beside， at， behind
表示時間： at six o’clock， at Christmas， at breakfast，on Monday ，on 15th July ，
on National Day, in the evening, in December, in winter
8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first; two-second ;twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any(一般情況下陳述句中用some;疑問句和否定句中用any)
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) 基本形式： am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes， you are. No， you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes， they are. No， they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes， it is. No， it isn’t.
11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句： There is a (an)…
There are …
一般疑問句：Is there …? Yes， there is./ No， there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes， there are. /No， there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down， please.
13. 現(xiàn)在進行時.(通常用“now”)
形式： be + 動詞 的ing形式
eg： I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
大多數(shù)動詞直接加ing： walk—walking
以 e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e 加ing： come—coming (see除外，seeing)
以元音加輔音結(jié)尾的動詞，雙寫后面的輔音，再加ing:run –running ; swim—swimming
14 一般現(xiàn)在時。通常用 “usually， often， every day， sometimes”。
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She usually goes to school on foot.
一般疑問句：
Do you jump high? Yes， I do. / No， I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes， he does. / No， he doesn’t.
否定句：
We don’t go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情態(tài))動詞can，must， should 后面直接用動詞原形。
eg：
1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般過去時態(tài)
(a) be 動詞的過去式：
I/He/she/it was(not)….
You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was， were 放在句首。
(b) 動詞過去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes， I did. No， I didn’t.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes， she did. No， she didn’t.
否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
He didn’t make model ships last week.
(3)動詞過去式的變化：
規(guī)則動詞的變化：
大多數(shù)動詞，直接加ed： eg. planted，watered，climbed
以e結(jié)尾的動詞加d ：eg. liked
以輔音 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，y變i，加ed ：eg ： study—studied
元音加輔音結(jié)尾的動詞，雙寫輔音加ed: eg： stop –stopped
不規(guī)則動詞的變化：
is/am—was，are—were，do—did，have/has—had，make—made，fly-flew/u：/
eat—ate，take—took，run—ran，sing—sang，drink—drank 等等