2019英語四級翻譯考試模擬題及答案解析

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    英語四級中的翻譯一直都在困擾著同學(xué)們,考試欄目組小編為廣大考生提供了2019年英語四級翻譯考試模擬題及答案解析,希望能夠幫助到你,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,請關(guān)注網(wǎng)站更新。
    2019年英語四級翻譯考試模擬題及答案:中國貧窮現(xiàn)象
    請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:
    中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘?2%。在過去相當(dāng)長的時期里,由于諸多原因,貧困一直困擾著中國。20世紀(jì)80年代中期,中國農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)憑借自身的發(fā)展優(yōu)勢,經(jīng)濟(jì)得到快速增長, 但少數(shù)地區(qū)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、歷史、自然等方面的制約,發(fā)展相對滯后。中國政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會全面發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中,在全國范圍內(nèi)實施了以解決貧困人口溫飽問題為主要目標(biāo)的有計劃、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開發(fā),極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象。
    【參考答案】
    China is the largest developing country in the world and its population accounts for about 22 percent of the world’s total. For a long period of its history, China has been plagued by poverty for various reasons. In the mid-1980s, the economy of an overwhelming majority of the rural areas in China grew dramatically by virtue of their own advantages, but a small number of areas still lagged behind because of the constraints of their economic, social, historical, and natural conditions. The Chinese government, while working on all-round economic and social development, has nationwide implemented a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief in a planned and organized way. With the main objective of helping poverty-stricken people solve the food and clothing problems, this program has gone a long way toward alleviating poverty.
    【難點分析】
    1.發(fā)展中國家:英語中對應(yīng)的表達(dá)為developing country,該句結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,直譯即可。
    2.人口約占世界總?cè)丝诘??:此句緊接上文,和前面一個分句共享一個主語China,為了指代清楚并且避免重復(fù),此處的“人口”可譯為its population。表達(dá)“(數(shù)量、比例上)占”有一個常用的詞組account for。 “世界總?cè)?口”如果直譯的話是the world’s total population或者the total population of the world,但是由于該分句的主語中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一次population,故此處可將total活用作名詞,意為“總數(shù)”。
    3.在過去相當(dāng)長的時期里:該分句如果直譯的話可譯為for a long time in the past,但是根據(jù)語境,此處“相當(dāng)長的時期”指的是“中國歷史中的一個很長的時期”,又由于該分句所在句的主語隨后緊接著出現(xiàn),因而可以意譯為for a long period of its history。
    4.由于諸多原因:此處較為簡單,可以有多種譯法?!坝捎凇笨梢杂胋ecause of, due to, out of來表達(dá),也可以用一個簡潔的單詞for。“諸多”的表達(dá)方式也有很多,如many, various, a lot of, lots of等。因而該分句可簡潔地譯為for various reasons。
    5.貧困一直困擾著??:表達(dá)“被貧困所困擾”較為常用的譯法是be plagued by,由于此處表達(dá)的是過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生并且其影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一種狀態(tài),因而注意時態(tài)要采用現(xiàn)在完成時。此處可譯為?has been lagued by poverty。
    6. 20世紀(jì)80年代中期??發(fā)展相對滯后:該句較長,翻譯時要注意平衡句子的結(jié)構(gòu)?!敖?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快”中的: ;“經(jīng)濟(jì)”指的是“中國農(nóng)村絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)”,在翻譯時可以照此調(diào)整一下句子的語序?!皽蟆背S胠ag behind 來表達(dá)。
    7.中國政府在致力于??緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象:該句內(nèi)容較多,翻譯時可以根據(jù)語義將該長句拆分成兩個獨(dú)立的句子,即:“中國政府在致力于經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會全面發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中,在全國范圍內(nèi)實施了有計劃、有組織的大規(guī)模扶貧開發(fā)。扶貧開發(fā)以解決貧困人口的溫飽問題為主要目標(biāo),極大地緩解了貧困現(xiàn)象?!? “致力于”可以用短語work on來表達(dá)?!胺鲐氶_發(fā)”實際上是一個項目,因而可靈活譯為a program for development-oriented poverty relief。
    2019年大學(xué)英語四級翻譯試題庫及答案:西湖醋魚
    請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:
    西湖醋魚
    西湖醋魚是浙江杭州飯店的一道傳統(tǒng)地方風(fēng)味名菜,源于南宋京都臨安(今杭州)。此菜選材精細(xì);烹制時,火候要求嚴(yán);盛菜時,色澤紅亮,魚肉嫩美,帶有蟹味,酸甜可口,別具特色。
    參考譯文
    Steamed Grass Carp in Vinegar Gravy
    Steamed Grass Carp in Vinegar Gravy is a typical dish in the restaurants of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Originated from the capital city, Lin’an during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the dish has a high standard in ingredients choosing, heating degree and colour. The fish is tender, sweat-sour with a flavor of crab.
    2019年大學(xué)英語四級考試翻譯試題:月嫂
    請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:
    月嫂
    月嫂是母嬰護(hù)理師的俗稱,主要是在新生兒出生后1個月內(nèi)專業(yè)護(hù)理產(chǎn)婦與嬰兒;服務(wù)的內(nèi)容中新生兒的護(hù)理占80%,產(chǎn)婦的護(hù)理占20%,并教授產(chǎn)婦如何照顧嬰兒。月嫂屬于高級家政人員,需要掌握專業(yè)技能和知識,工資很高。通常月嫂在客戶的家里提供服務(wù),是24小時待命(實際工作時間為17個小時)。
    參考譯文
    Maternity Matrons
    Pediatric nurses are commonly known as maternity matrons, a profession dedicated to the care of new mothers and infants for one month after the birth of a new child. They would spend about 20% of their time taking care of new mothers and teaching them about infant care, and the other 80% on infant care. As high-end housekeeping personnel, maternity matrons offer professional skill and know-how. As such, they typically earn a high salary.
    2019年英語四級翻譯考試模擬題及答案:中國戲曲
    請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:
    要了解中國文化,就應(yīng)該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解。中國地方戲種類很多,其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種。作為一個獨(dú)立的劇種,京劇的誕生大約是在1840年至I860年。京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ) 上形成的。京劇有明確的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音樂上以胡琴為主要伴奏樂器。由于京劇是在融 合各種地方戲之精華的基礎(chǔ)上形成的,所以它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛,也受到全國人民的喜愛。
    【參考譯文】
    To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.
    【難點解析】
    1.要了解中國文化,就應(yīng)該對中國的戲曲文化有所了解:該句沒有給出明確的主語,因而在翻譯時要注意:增譯主語you?!爸袊膽蚯幕笨勺g為the Chinese opera culture。
    2.中國地方戲種類很多,其中京劇是一個具有代表性的劇種:該句在翻譯時可以采用非限定性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。該句可譯為:In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此處為了避免在前后分句中重復(fù)使用名詞opera而在后半句中使用了名詞性替代詞 one。
    3.京劇是在吸收其他地方戲營養(yǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上形成的:“在??的基礎(chǔ)上形成”如果直接譯為be formed on the I basis of...會稍顯生硬,因而可以靈活譯為originate from...。“地方戲”可以直譯為local opera。
    4.念白:“念白”指的是中國戲曲中人物的獨(dú)白或者兩者的對話,因而此處在翻譯時可將其靈活譯為the I spoken parts。
    5.胡琴:這一特有名詞在英文中并沒有直接對應(yīng)的詞匯或表達(dá),因而可以采用漢語拼音表示。
    6.它不僅為北京的觀眾所鐘愛,也受到全國人民的喜愛:“不僅 也 ”常用not only?but also?來表達(dá)。此處句中的“鐘愛”和“喜愛”同義,在翻譯后半部分內(nèi)容時可以將與前半部分重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略,故該部分內(nèi)容可譯為:it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。
    2019年大學(xué)英語四級翻譯試題庫及答案:霧霾
    請將下面這段話翻譯成英文:
    霧霾
    霧霾是霧和霾的統(tǒng)稱,是一種天氣現(xiàn)象,也稱“灰霾”,指空氣中的灰塵、硫酸、硝酸、有機(jī)碳?xì)浠衔锏却罅繕O細(xì)微的干塵粒子均勻的浮游在空中,使空氣渾濁,視野模糊并導(dǎo)致能見度惡化。當(dāng)水汽凝結(jié)加劇、空氣濕度增大時,霾就會轉(zhuǎn)化為霧。因為空氣質(zhì)量的惡化,霧霾天氣現(xiàn)象便會增多。
    參考譯文
    Smog
    Smog is a general term of fog and haze. It is a weather phenomenon, also called grey haze. The dust in the air, vitriol, nitric acid, organic hydrocarbon and other impalpable particles floating in the air make it turbid, and worsen the visibility. When the moisture congeals, air humidity gets higher and the haze will turn to fog. When the air gets worse, the smog will increase.