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2019年英語四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)題：英國的鄉(xiāng)村
The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched(草蓋的) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings-these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.
Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practised in the British Isles(英倫諸島). Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.
Thatching is a solitary(獨(dú)自的) craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practised today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.
In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way last from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defence against the heat .
這是一篇記敘文，講述了英國的鄉(xiāng)村一景一用草作房頂?shù)拇迳帷?BR> 1. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?
A) Cottages with thatched roofs. B) Churches with cottages around them.
C) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings. D) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.
2. What do we know about thatching as a craft?
A) It is quite different from what it used to be.
B) It is in most cases handed down among family members.
C) It is practised on farms all over England.
D) It is a collective activity.
3. Thatched houses are still preferred because of ________.
A) their durability B) their easy maintenance
C) their cheap and ready-made materials D) their style and comfort
4. People in developing countries also live under thatch because ______-.
A) they like thatched houses better than other buildings
B) thatch is an effective defence against the heat
C) thatched roof houses are the cheapest
D) thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction
5. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A) the English people have a special liking for thatched houses
B) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsides
C) thatching is a building craft first created by the English people
D) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times
參考答案及解析
1、[答案與分析]:[A]根據(jù)文章第1段，尤其是該段的最后一句，可同時(shí)排除B、C、D，選擇A。
2、[答案與分析]:[B]根據(jù)第3段第1句可知B項(xiàng)正確并同時(shí)可排除D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)與該段第2句意思相左。選項(xiàng)C的出題動(dòng)機(jī)在于測試考生對細(xì)節(jié)的把握，具體地說，是測試學(xué)生對第2段第1句的理解。仔細(xì)閱讀該句，可知C項(xiàng)與此句其實(shí)似是而非，應(yīng)該排除。
3、[答案與分析]:[D]正確回答本題的關(guān)鍵在于文章第3段最后一句話。
4、[答案與分析]:[C]本題問發(fā)展中國家的居民也往草頂屋的原因是什么。整篇文章涉及到發(fā)展中國家(developing country)的信息都在第3段。根據(jù)該段第3句話可知C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)顯然與文章相左。B項(xiàng)陳述本身并不一定錯(cuò)，但它不是題目中所問的原因。D項(xiàng)的意思在文中找不到，故而也不對。
5、[答案與分析]:[D]文章第2段第1句話和第3段第2句話都可表明D項(xiàng)的正確性。文章只是說明草作房頂?shù)拇迳嵩谟r(nóng)村很常見，但并不能由此得出A項(xiàng)的結(jié)論。文章在開頭描繪了一幅英國鄉(xiāng)村景色圖：在蜿蜒的山坡上有許多草舍。但并沒有說英國的大多數(shù)草舍都建在山坡上，故B項(xiàng)也不對。至于C項(xiàng)，從文章中也無法得出這一結(jié)論。
2019年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試閱讀模擬試題：教育
Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, andperhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality business.We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist.
But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenuessignificantly. Raising tuition doesn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise.They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.
It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently (固有地)better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Enthusiastic supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.According to the author's opinion, schools are bad businesses because of _______.
A. mismanagement
B. too few students
C. financial squeeze
D. their characteristics
2.The author used the phrase “go under" in Para. 3 to mean "_______".
A. get into difficulties
B. have low enrollment
C. have little money
D. bring in more money
3.We can reasonably conclude from this passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support_____
A. public institution
B. private schools
C. uniformity of education
D. diversity of education
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about private schools?
A. High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.
B. If the tuition of the private schools is raised, the enrollment goes down.
C. There are many cases to show that public schools are better than private schools.
D. Private schools are more profitable than public schools.
5.Which of the following ways could possibly save private schools?
A. Raising tuition.
B. Full enrollment.
C. National awareness and support.
D. Reduction of rising costs.
參考答案及解析
1.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查因果關(guān)系。第2段倒數(shù)第3句中的“not because of... but because of...”指出了nature就是原因所在，characteristics是nature的近義詞，故D正確。
2.[A] 詞義理解題。通過go under所在句子中的Even with......可知，該句與上一句形成對比，這兩句中的enrollment是相對應(yīng)的，所以go under應(yīng)該也與上文的problem相對應(yīng)，由此可推斷，go under就是have problem/ difficulty之義。本題最具干擾性的是C，但文中并無細(xì)節(jié)具體說明即使入學(xué)人數(shù)滿額學(xué)校收人也很少的問題，因此C把problem定義得過細(xì)，不如A恰當(dāng)。
3.[B] 推理判斷題，也是主旨大意題。文章一開頭就指出“許多私立髙等學(xué)校都處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，引起讀者的關(guān)注，結(jié)尾句明確倡議支持公立髙等教育的人們應(yīng)該同樣支持私立髙等教育，由此可見,B是本文的目的。本題最具干擾性的是D，D的說法在最后一段中多次提到，但是作者提出辦學(xué)多樣性是為了說明私立教育的重要性，故D只是本文主題(私立教育)的支持性細(xì)節(jié)，并非本文的中心話題。
4.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？捎门懦ㄕ页龃鸢浮可從第1段推斷得出;B可在第2段第3句中找到;C可從最后一段中間找到。
5.[C] 推理判斷題。可用排除法找出答案，根據(jù)原文，第2段第3句可證明A不可行;最后一段第3句證明B不可行;第2段第2句也指出D行不通。本文的目的是為了提高公眾對私立教育的關(guān)注，由此可見，只有C是拯救私立高校的可行性方法。