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2019年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬試題：幸福
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness, If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true hap piness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children,professional achievement, religious commitment (承擔(dān)的義務(wù)), self improvement. Ask a bachelor(單身漢) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life i s filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
這是一篇議論文，闡述了幸福的獲得這一嚴(yán)肅主題，試圖澄清人們在幸福問題上的一些誤解。
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because _______ .
A) he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B) he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C) he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D) he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is _______.
A) a moral duty B) a thankless job
C) a rewarding task D) a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from _______.
A) hatred B) misunderstanding
C) prejudice D) ignorance
4. To understand what true happiness is one must _______.
A) have as much run as possible during one's lifetime
B) make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C) put up with pain under all circumstances
D) be able to distinguish happiness from fun
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A) Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B) One must know how to attain happiness.
C) It is important to make commitments.
D) It is pain that leads to happiness.
參考答案及解析
1、[答案及分析]：[A]根據(jù)第3段第1句話，不難得知A項(xiàng)正確。
2、[答案及分析]：[C]依據(jù)為第4段的意義：“有嬰兒的父母若能睡一夜整覺或度上一個(gè)三天的假期，那真是太幸運(yùn)了。我認(rèn)識(shí)的為人父母的人中，沒有誰認(rèn)為撫養(yǎng)小孩子fun(好玩)。但是，決定不要孩子的夫妻永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)體會(huì)到看著孩子成長以及孫兒玩耍的那種快樂?！睋?jù)此可排除A、B、D項(xiàng)而選C。
3、[答案及分析]：[B]最后一段的意思是：“真正的幸福與fun無關(guān)，這樣一種觀念使得我們不得envy，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)理解到那些總是充滿fun的人實(shí)際上可能并不幸福?！币簿褪钦f，我們原先所以有envy,是存在誤解(misunderstand)。
4、[答案及分析]：[D]第1段和第2段的第1句話及第3、4段所舉的論據(jù)及第5段的意思都表明D項(xiàng)正確。
5、[答案及分析]：[A]作者在第1段就否定了好玩、無痛苦就等于幸福這一觀點(diǎn)，明確提出自己的看法：實(shí)際上，導(dǎo)致幸福的事情多半伴隨著痛苦。隨后幾段都在論證這一觀點(diǎn)。很明顯，A項(xiàng)正確。
2019年大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬試題：省錢健身新趨勢
Economy Will Drive Workout Habits
Money or the lack of it, changes everything, and that includes how people will be working out in 2010.
In these belt -tightening times, cost-conscious workouts at home and at the gym topped the list of fitness trends for this year in a survey, followed by shorter, more time-efficient regimens, such as boot camp and circuit training.
"People are looking for ways to accomplish as much as possible with as little time and money as necessary," said Cedric Bryant, chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise (ACE), which conducted the online poll of fitness professionals.
"Last year "budget-onscious" was on the list but this year the majority of the respondents put it as one of the top," he added.
Bryant said some 600 ACE-certified fitness professionals responded to the annual poll, which the non-profit organization has been conducting for a decade.
Other money-saving measures, such as the shift from personal training sessions to small group training classes and in-home workouts using smaller, more portable equipment, also made the list.
"Personal trainers are seeing they've got to respond to market needs. Working with two to four clients at a time they can charge less but still get their hourly fee," Bryant said.
Boot-camp workouts and circuit training, both of which burn calories while building strength and endurance, will be among the most popular trends in 2010, as time-constrained consumers seek shorter, more intense regimens.
One bright spot is the rise of exergaming-type systems, like Nintendo's Wii Sports, Wii Fit and the PC-based Dancetown. Bryant says the fitness-based video games are turning up in health clubs and senior centers.
Functional training workouts, which are geared to improving the quality of life and the ability to perform everyday tasks, will remain strong, and the use of computerized tracking and online training and scheduling tools will increase in the coming year.
省錢健身新趨勢
有錢或者沒錢能夠改變一切，這其中包括在2010年人們鍛煉身體的方式。
一項(xiàng)針對今年健身流行趨勢的調(diào)查顯示，在當(dāng)下需要勒緊褲腰帶過日子的時(shí)期，人們將在家和健身房用省錢的方法健身列為首選，其次是強(qiáng)力瘦身訓(xùn)練和循環(huán)訓(xùn)練這種更省時(shí)間的強(qiáng)化鍛煉方式。
美國鍛煉協(xié)會(huì)對健身領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士開展了這一在線調(diào)查。該協(xié)會(huì)的科技總監(jiān)塞德里克·布萊恩特說：“人們希望能盡量少花時(shí)間、少花錢，達(dá)到最好的效果。”
他說：“去年，‘預(yù)算’被列為需要考慮的因素，但今年大部分受訪者將其列為最重要的考慮因素之一?！?BR> 布萊恩特說，約600名經(jīng)美國鍛煉協(xié)會(huì)認(rèn)證的專業(yè)人士參與了這一年度調(diào)查。這一非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)開展該調(diào)查已有10年的歷史。
受訪者列出的其他省錢辦法包括從私教課程轉(zhuǎn)為集體課，以及使用更小更便攜的器材在家鍛煉等。
布萊恩特說：“私人教練覺得必須跟上市場形勢。他們可以一次同時(shí)輔導(dǎo)2-4個(gè)客戶，這樣可以降低收費(fèi)，但仍可以保證收入?！?BR> 由于人們時(shí)間緊迫，耗時(shí)少、強(qiáng)度大的健身方式更受青睞，2010年最受歡迎的健身項(xiàng)目將是強(qiáng)力瘦身訓(xùn)練和循環(huán)訓(xùn)練，這兩種方式既可以燃燒脂肪，又可以增強(qiáng)力量和耐力。
健身游戲的興起成為其中的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，如任天堂的Wii運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲、Wii Fit平衡板和需在電腦上使用的Dancetown游戲。布萊恩、特說，健身類視頻游戲越來越多地出現(xiàn)在健康俱樂部和老人中心。
以功能性訓(xùn)練為目的的健身將繼續(xù)保持強(qiáng)勁勢頭，這種鍛煉方式主要是為了提高生活質(zhì)量和完成日常工作的能力，此外，計(jì)算機(jī)眼蹤、在線訓(xùn)練和排程工具的使用在來年也會(huì)增加。
句型講解：
1. In these belt-tightening times, cost-conscious workouts at home and at the gym topped the list of fitness trends for this year in a survey, followed by shorter. more time-efficient regimens, such as boot camp and Circuit training.
本句是一個(gè)簡單句。句子的主干是 cost-conscious workouts at home and at the gym topped the list of fitness trends.后面followed by...circuit training過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語。such as表示舉例。
語法重點(diǎn)：分詞短語作狀語
2. Boot-camp workouts and circuit training, both of which burn calories while building strength and endurance, will be among the most popular trends in 2010, as time-constrained consumers seek shorter, more intense regimens.
本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是 Boot-camp workouts and circuit training will be among the most popular trends in 2010. which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾Boot-camp workouts and circuit training。其中 while building strength and endurance為時(shí)間狀語從句的的省略形式，省略了主語。as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
語法重點(diǎn)：定語從句，原因狀語從句