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2019年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解：Violin prodigies
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. They were all Jews(猶太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ______ .
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A. all-round development.
B. the learning of Western music
C. strict training of children
D. variety in academic studies
4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A. A natural gift.
B. Extensive knowledge of music.
C. Very early training.
D. A prejudice-free society.
5.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music.
B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society
D. The Making of Prodigies
1.[A] 原文首段最后一句提到，所有猶太人父母的夢(mèng)想就是讓孩子上音樂(lè)學(xué)校，由because引導(dǎo)的從句解釋了原因，即因?yàn)檫@是通往西方世界的通行證。A項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫(xiě)，故選A。B、D在文中沒(méi)有提及，原文中說(shuō)進(jìn)入professional field是不被允許的,故C不符合。
2.[B] nurturing societies出現(xiàn)在文中第2段第2句，很顯然nurturing society指的是前一句說(shuō)的“重視在某一特定領(lǐng)域中的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)，能培養(yǎng)才能的社會(huì)”,B與原文相符。
3.[C] 日本在文中作為典型的nurturing society的例子，之后提到日本社會(huì)竟?fàn)幖ち?，注重?guī)范和紀(jì)律，結(jié)合這兩點(diǎn)可知，C正確。
4.[A] 最后一段第2句提到，遺傳在天才的產(chǎn)生上也起很重要的作用，即天賦，故選A。其他三項(xiàng)在文中并未提及。
5.[D] 本文中，prodigies是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D包含了這一關(guān)鍵詞。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都只是文中的局部信息，不是文章主旨，均排除。
2019年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解：happiness
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the paininevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment(承擔(dān)的義務(wù)), self improvement.
Ask a bachelor(單身漢) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying.If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quitepainful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase ourhappiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increaseour happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who arealways having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because______
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the author's opinion, is_______
A. a moral duty
B. a rewarding task
C. a thankless job
D. a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from______
A. hatred
B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice
D. ignorance
4. To understand what true happiness is one must_______
A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
1.[A] 第3段第2句解釋了單身漢為什么不愿結(jié)婚的原因，A項(xiàng)的reluctant to take on family responsibilities是對(duì)原文中afraid of making a commitment的同義替換,故選A。本題中D項(xiàng)的干擾性比較強(qiáng)，但這不是單身漢不愿結(jié)婚的直接原因，且文中也說(shuō)到Marriage has such moments,所以put an end的說(shuō)法也不正確，故排除。
2.[C] 原文第4段中說(shuō)，雖然養(yǎng)孩子的過(guò)程實(shí)在不能算是“有趣”,但決定不要孩子的夫婦們永遠(yuǎn)也不能了解看著孩子長(zhǎng)大的那種歡樂(lè)以及與孫兒一起玩耍的歡樂(lè)。換言之，在作者看來(lái)，養(yǎng)孩子雖辛苦，但也是值得的，故答案為C。
3.[B] 文章最后一段最后一句說(shuō)它還讓我們從嫉妒中解脫出來(lái)：我們現(xiàn)在了解到那些總有很多樂(lè)趣的人也許根本就不幸福。這說(shuō)明我們嫉妒別人是誤以為那些總有很多樂(lè)趣的人很幸福，這是一種誤解，故選B。
4.[D] 由文章第1段和最后一段第1句可看出要理解真正的幸福就要把fun和happiness區(qū)分開(kāi)，故選D。
5.[A] 本題是主旨題。主旨題的答案常位于首段或結(jié)尾段。本題的答案可以在文章第1段最后一句找到：通往幸福的路上多半會(huì)涉及到痛苦，因此本題選A。D中雖也提到pain,但對(duì)分強(qiáng)調(diào)pain對(duì)幸福的作用，故錯(cuò)誤。