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英語六級翻譯練習題：文化
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
文化是一個非常廣泛的概念，給它下一個嚴格和精確的定義是一件非常困難的事情?；\統(tǒng)地說，文化是一種社會現(xiàn)象，是人們長期創(chuàng)造形成的產(chǎn)物，同時又是一種歷史現(xiàn)象，是社會歷史的積淀物（sediment）。確切地說，文化是能夠被傳承的國家或民族的歷史、地理、風土人情、傳統(tǒng)習俗、生活方式、文學藝術(shù)、行為規(guī)范、思維方式、價值觀念等，是人類之間進行交流的普遍認可的一種能夠傳承的意識形態(tài)（ideology）。
參考譯文
Culture is a very broad concept， and it is extremely difficult to define it strictly and exactly. Generally speaking， culture is a social phenomenon， which is a product created by people for ages. And it is also a historical phenomenon， which is sediment of social history. To be exact， culture is national and ethnic history， geography， local customs and practices， traditional custom， lifestyles， literature and arts， behavioral norms， the way of thinking， values and so on， which can be inherited. And it is also a kind of ideology of inheritance， which is widely recognized in communication of human beings.
詞匯解析
人們長期創(chuàng)造形成的產(chǎn)物 a product created by people for ages
確切地說 to be exact （=exactly speaking 注：由于前文用到了generally speaking，故本處換種表達方式。）
風土人情 local customs and practices
英語六級翻譯練習題：醫(yī)患關(guān)系
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
醫(yī)患關(guān)系
醫(yī)患關(guān)系是一種人際互動，而且醫(yī)生也是人。他們不想讓病人心煩，也不想讓病人難過或流淚。但他們也需要成為專業(yè)人士，所以他們需要找一種有效的溝通方式。
對于醫(yī)生們來說，認識到這一點是至關(guān)重要的。因為盡管謊言是善意的，但研究表明病人們更喜歡真相，他們寧可聽到壞消息，也不愿意對對糟糕的身體狀況一無所知。完全知情是病人能對所要發(fā)生的任何事情進行處理和做好準備的一種途徑。
參考譯文
The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction， and doctors are human too. They don’t want to upset their patients， and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears. But they also need to be professionals， so they need to find out an effective way of communicating.
That’s critical for doctors to realize， because as well-intentioned as their lies may be， studies show that patients prefer the truth， and would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope and prepare for whatever might occur.
詞匯解析
醫(yī)患關(guān)系 the doctor-patient relationship
他們不想讓病人心煩，也不想讓病人難過或流淚。They don’t want to upset their patients， and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears.（注：注意這句話的翻譯以及neither的用法。）
善意的 well-intentioned
寧可聽到壞消息，也不愿意對對糟糕的身體狀況一無所知 would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition（注：注意這句話的翻譯以及would ...的用法，后面都用動詞原形。）
英語六級翻譯練習題：如何與病人溝通
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
如何與病人溝通
醫(yī)生該如何學習誠實對待他們的病人呢？進行更多關(guān)于如何與病人溝通其健康狀況的培訓是極其重要的——尤其是在告知（deliver）壞消息時。如果檢查結(jié)果對病人的健康沒有影響的話，醫(yī)生們可能不會把略有異常的實驗室檢查結(jié)果告訴給焦慮的病人。相反地，醫(yī)生也許會夸大（exaggerate ）正常的結(jié)果，希望能刺激病人更好地照顧自己。而病人們也需要清楚并確定他們所期望的醫(yī)生的誠實度。畢竟，即便在醫(yī)生的辦公室里，交流也是雙向的。
參考譯文
How can doctors learn to be honest with their patients？ More training about how to communicate with patients about their health is critical—especially when it comes to delivering bad news. Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test， if it has no impact on the patient’s ersely， they might exaggerate a normal result in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself. Patients also need to be clear and certain about how honest they want their doctors to be. Communication is a two-way street， after all， even in the doctor’s office.
詞匯解析
極其重要的 critical
尤其是在告知（deliver）壞消息時 when it comes to delivering bad news （注：注意come to的用法。come to sth. 其中的一個意思就是“當達到某種狀況（尤指不好的狀況）時”。）
如果檢查結(jié)果對病人的健康沒有影響的話，醫(yī)生們可能不會把略有異常的實驗室檢查結(jié)果告訴給焦慮的病人。Doctors may not tell the anxious patients the slightly abnormal results of a lab test， if it has no impact on the patient’s health.（注：注意這句話的翻譯順序，及檢查結(jié)果重復出現(xiàn)時，翻譯時可譯為it。）
希望能刺激病人更好地照顧自己 in hopes of motivating a patient to take better care of himself
清楚并確定 be clear and certain
雙向的 a two-way street
英語六級翻譯練習題：端午節(jié)
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
端午節(jié)（the Dragon Boat Festival），又稱重五節(jié)，于每年農(nóng)歷五月初五慶祝。 這是廣泛流傳2000多年的民間節(jié)日，也是中國最重要的節(jié)日之一。端午節(jié)當天舉行各種慶祝活動，吃粽子和賽龍舟（dragon boat racing）是其中的重要習俗。關(guān)于端午節(jié)的起源，有很多傳說。一部分人認為端午節(jié)是為了紀念詩人屈原，另一部分人則認為是為了紀念戰(zhàn)國時期的著名將領(lǐng)伍子胥。然而，屈原的傳說流傳最廣。人們非常欣賞這位愛國詩人的高尚情操和出眾才華，更對他投江自盡的結(jié)局深表同情。
參考譯文
The Dragon Boat Festival， also called Double Fifth Festival， is celebrated on May 5th on lunar calendar. It is a folk festival widely spread with a history of over 2，000 years， and is one of the most important Chinese festivals as well. There are various celebrating activities on that day， among which the customs of eating rice dumplings and dragon boat racing are quite important. There are many legends on the origin of the Dragon Boat people think it is to commemorate the poet Qu Yuan， while others say it is to be in honor of Wu Zixu， a famous general during the Warring States period. However， the legend of Qu Yuan spreads most widely. People appreciate highly the noble sentiment and prominent talent of this patriotic poet and are very sympathetic with the ending that he committed suicide by drowning himself in a river.
解析
1.廣泛流傳：可使用詞組widely spread表達。
2.民間節(jié)日：即folk festival， folk意為“民間的”。
3.端午節(jié)當天舉行各種慶?；顒樱菏褂胻here be句式更為簡潔，譯為There are various celebrating activities on that day。
4.粽子：可譯為rice dumplings，也可以直接用zongzi。
5.紀念：可譯為commemorate或 in honor of。
6.高尚情操：可譯為noble sentiment。
7.出眾才華：可譯為prominent talent。其中prominent意為“出眾的，杰出的”。
8.投江自盡：可譯為 commit suicide by drowning oneself in a river。其中 commit suicide意“自殺”。
9.深表向情：“對…表示同情”可譯為be sympathetic with。
請將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大臣（minister），他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因為受到誹謗（vilify）而最終投河自盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
參考譯文
The Duanwu Festival， also called the Dragon Boat Festival， is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister， who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being le got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water，hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan＇s body. For thousands of years， the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races， especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.