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2018年12月英語四級閱讀理解練習題：選詞填空(1)
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The American patent system, provided for in the Constitution, was designed to encourage the creation and use of new technology. An inventor would describe the invention, both in writing and with drawings, and __47__ the description with a model to a government official. If the invention was judged to be ___48__ and beneficial, the official would give the inventor a patent. The patent meant that for 14 years the inventor owned the new invention. Inventors could ___49__ their ideas to manufacturers or just use them themselves. The government would not ___50__ any other patent for the same idea, and the inventor could ___51__ anyone of using the patented idea with- out paying the owner of the patent for ___52__ to use it.
A useful patent meant that the inventor could make a lot of money. In exchange for this gover- nmental protection, the government published the patent __53___ , which had to provide enough information so that other people could understand the invention—thus adding to the general__54_technological knowledge. And at the end of the 14 years, anyone could use the invention for__55__.The idea behind the patent system was twofold: it would increase the amount of technology, by providing a way for people to make money out of new ideas, and it would make new technology widely available, by publicizing ideas that might ___56__ be kept as trade secrets.
A) license I ) specifications B) however J ) yield C) accuse K) issue D) submit L) charge
E) convenient M) available F) permission N) otherwise G) enable O) original H) free
【答案解析】
47.D 此處需要一個動詞。本句敘述申請專利的程序：申請人申請專利時需要對發(fā)明進行具體描述，然后將描述和樣品一同提交政府官員，故填submit一詞。
48.O 此處需要填入一個形容詞和beneficial并列作表語。此句介紹政府官員簽發(fā)專利的條件是原創(chuàng)性和有用性，故填original。
49.A 空格前為情態(tài)動詞could，所以此處需要填入一個動詞原形。此處和or后面的use them themselves意義上是對應的。根據(jù)常識，申請人獲得專利后，專利當然可以自己使用，也可以轉(zhuǎn)讓給其他人，故填license“許可，特許”。
50.K 此處需要填入一個動詞原形。政府為一項發(fā)明簽發(fā)專利后，當然不能再為同樣的創(chuàng)意簽發(fā)專利，故填issue“簽發(fā)，發(fā)行”。
51.C 空格前為情態(tài)動詞could，所以此處需要填入一個動詞原形和后面的介詞of 搭配使用。句子用without 引導條件——如果沒有支付費并獲準使用就擅自使用該專利，因為專利受法律保護，發(fā)明人有權對其進行起訴。accuse和charge都有“控告，控訴”的意思，但是用法不同，分別為accuse sb. of sth.和charge sb. with sth. ,故排除charge?！ ?2.F 此處需要填入一個名詞作介詞for 的賓語。使用專利的人要向?qū)＠l(fā)明人支付費用， 獲得使用權后才能取得專利的使用權。故填permission“許可”。
53.I 此處需要一個名詞。對于專利，政府一方面實施保護政策，另一方面，為了讓大眾了解專利的相關知識，政府會出版專利的詳細說明，所以填specifications“說明書”。
54.M 此處需要一個形容詞，修飾其后的名詞knowledge。政府出版專利詳細說明的目的是讓大眾能夠了解發(fā)明，所以填available“可利用的” 。
55.H 上一段中提到美國政府在專利申訴的14年內(nèi)進行保護，在這14年申報人擁有專利的所有權，超過14年，任何人都可以免費使用該專利。此處考查固定短語 for fre“免費的”。
56.N 句子主謂結(jié)構完整，空格處可以填入一個副詞。publicizing ideas和定語從句中的be kept as trade secrets 之間是對比關系，因此需要填入一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞 otherwise。otherwise 和 however 都可以表示引導意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，但however常用插入語，其前后需要加逗號，而otherwise 不需要。
2018年12月英語四級閱讀理解練習題：選詞填空(2)
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
It seems you always forget—your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...
Such absent-mindedness may be 47 to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 48 sees.
The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 49 the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 50 by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 51 label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.
It could be used in 52 plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a 53 device.
A spokesman for the project said: "A car mechanic for 54 could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could 55 accident black spots or dangers on the road."
In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, 56 points of interest or by people looking at panoramas where all the sites could be identified.
[A] allow [B] instance[C] blank[D] industrial[E] frustrating[F] items
[G] indicating[H] highlight [I] user [J] complicated [K] white
[L] annoying [M] successful [N] article [O] simple
【答案解析】
47. E 空格處需填一形容詞，即從E、J、L、M中選擇。過去分詞一般用于主語是人的句子，排除J;結(jié)合常理，忘性大常常令人懊惱，故E最符合文章。
48. I 根據(jù)定語從句謂語see可知，主語要么是人要么是眼鏡，由下句the use的提示，故選I。
49. A 該空需填入一個動詞，即從備選項A、H中選擇，有allow sb. to do sth.的結(jié)構，且語義符合文意，故選A。
50. F 由上文的label items可推知F最符合文意。
51. C 該空需填入一個形容詞，由下文的fill in可推知C(空白的)最符合文意。
52. D 由該句中的相關信息詞mechanics(機械師)和identify machine parts可推知D最符合文意。
53. J 該空需填入一個形容詞修飾名詞device(設備)，由常識可知工廠里的設備通常都很復雜，正因為復雜，不容易記住，才有必要使用這種新型眼鏡，故J最符合文意。
54. B 該句主句的基本句子結(jié)構是A car mechanic could find where a part is，介詞for和應填的詞在句中作插入萬分，結(jié)合選項，B最符合文意。
55. H 該空應填入動詞原形，從詞義上能排出A，H符合文意。
56. G 分析句子結(jié)構可知，該空應填入一個非謂語動詞，結(jié)合句意“在其他情況下，人們可以戴著這種眼鏡隨團旅游，________名勝景點…”可知，G(指示)最符合文意。
2018年12月英語四級閱讀理解練習題：選詞填空(3)
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages47 using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be48 , of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also49 problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50 , what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from51 at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students52 a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is53 for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54 certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can55 . It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56 where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.
A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offer F)create G)required
H)of I)emerge J)make K)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)that
【答案解析】
47. 【答案】H)
【解析】選of 。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權衡，此處空格填介詞of。
48. 【答案】C)
【解析】選considered。consider意思是“考慮，認為”。使用外國教師的優(yōu)點和缺點必須仔細權衡，此處用被動語態(tài)。
49. 【答案】F)
【解析】選create。create意思是“產(chǎn)生，制造”。國外的教師資源也會產(chǎn)生些問題。
50. 【答案】L)
【解析】選however。本句與前一句意思為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，而且轉(zhuǎn)折詞在前，因此用連詞however。
51. 【答案】O)
【答案】選that。他必須適應管理嚴密的大學體系，而這一點是與他國內(nèi)的大學體系大不相同的。that是指代大學體系。
52. 【答案】K)
【解析】選lack。所有外來教授和他的學生都缺乏文化共同性。
53. 【答案】G)
【解析】選required。外來教授需要接受美國學生頭腦里已存在的那些概念。
54. 【答案】J)
【解析】選make。“做些調(diào)整”用動詞make。大學必須做出適當?shù)恼{(diào)整。
55. 【答案】E)
【解析】選offer。offer意思是“提供，供應”。
56. 【答案】A)
【解析】選field。field意思是“領域”。這是一個有待進一步研究的領域。