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2018下半年英語六級考試翻譯試題：算盤(1)
算盤(abacus)是中國傳統(tǒng)的計算工具，也是中國古代的一項重大發(fā)明。阿拉伯數(shù)字出現(xiàn)以前，算盤在世界各地廣泛使用。算盤是矩形的木框，木框上固定著帶算珠的木桿。木框中間的橫梁(beam)將木桿分成兩部分：木桿上方的兩顆算珠 (counting beads)每個代表5,下方的五顆算珠每個代表1。隨著算盤的應(yīng)用，人們總結(jié)出很多計算技巧，提高了計算速度。由于算盤易于制造，而且計算口訣易于記憶和操作，因此算盤在中國十分流行。
參考譯文：
As a traditional Chinese calculation tool and an important ancient Chinese invention,the abacus was widely used before the invention of Arabic numerals in the world. The abacus is a rectangle with a wooden frame. Within the frame,rods with stringed beads are fixed. The beam in the middle of the frame divides each rod into two parts. The two counting beads in the upper part of each rod represent five and the rest five beads in the lower part represent one. With the application of the abacus, people summarized many calculation tips to help improve the speed of calculation. As the abacus is simple to produce, and its calculation tips are easy to memorize and operate, it is quite popular in China.
詞句點撥：
1.廣泛使用:可以用被動語態(tài)表示“被廣泛使用”，即be widely used。
2.帶算珠的木桿:可譯為rods with stringed beads。其中rod意為“木桿”，stringed 意為“用帶或繩綁或掛的”，beads意為“珠子”，故stringed beads意為“串起來的珠子”。
3.上方：即in the upper part;“下方”可譯為in the lower part。
4.隨著算盤的應(yīng)用:可譯為 with the application of the abacus。
2018下半年英語六級考試翻譯試題：算盤(2)
算盤(abacus)是一種手動操作計算輔助工具形式。它起源于中國，迄今已有2600多年的歷史，是中國古代的一項重要發(fā)明。在阿拉伯數(shù)字(Arabic numerals )出現(xiàn)前，算盤是世界廣為使用的計算工具?，F(xiàn)在，算盤在亞洲和中東的部分地區(qū)繼續(xù)使用，尤其見于商店之中，可以從供應(yīng)中國商品和日本商品的商店里買到。在西方，它有時被用來幫助小孩子們理解數(shù)字，而一些數(shù)學家喜歡體驗一下使用算盤計算出簡單算術(shù)(arithmetical)問題的感覺。
參考譯文:
Abacus
An abacus is a form of manually operated counting aid. It has originated in China over 2,600 years ago.It is one of the most important inventions of ancient China. The abacus used to be the most widely used calculation tool before the appearance of Arabic numerals. At present, abacuses continue to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in the shops, and they are available in stores which stock Chinese or Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help young children grasp numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experimenting with the abacus to work out simple arithmetical problems.
翻譯注意事項：
1.計算輔助工具形式:翻譯為a form of manually operated counting aid,其中aid一詞本意為“有助之物”，用在此處表示“輔助工具”已比較貼切， 不必再將“工具”二字譯出。
2.理解數(shù)字:翻譯為grasp numbers,其中g(shù)rasp—詞表示“全面領(lǐng)會、理解”之意，用在此處很恰當?shù)刈g出了原文“理解”一詞的含義。
3.體驗:翻譯為experimenting,此處原文強調(diào)的是數(shù)學家親自體驗用算盤做簡單算術(shù)題，因此有“實驗”的含義，故選用experimenting—詞。
2018下半年英語六級考試翻譯試題：算盤(3)
算盤(abacus)是中國古代的一項偉大發(fā)明。在古代，人們用小木棍進行計算隨著社會的發(fā)展，需要計算的數(shù)目越來越大，用小木棍已無法憲成計算。于是，人們發(fā)明了更為高級的計算工具一一算盤。由于算盤操作方便、簡單易學，因此在中國被廣泛使用。在算盤的基礎(chǔ)上，有人發(fā)展了珠心算(mental abacus)，即把算盤的形象描繪在腦海中來計算數(shù)字。
參考譯文：
The abacus is a great invention in ancient China. In the old times, people used small rods to count, With the social development, numbers needed to calculate were increasingly greater, which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task. Thus,people invented a more advanced calculating device the abacus. Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn，the abacus was widely used in China. On the basis of the abacus, there came the mental abacus with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures.
1.第1句由3個短句構(gòu)成，第1個短句譯成介詞短語With the social development或連詞as引出的從句As the society developed;第2個短句可處理為主句，當中的定語“需要計算的”可譯為分詞短語 needed to calculate，作后置定語;第3個短句則處理成用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，套用make it impossible for sb./sth. to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task，為了避免重復(fù)，把“完成計算”轉(zhuǎn)譯成了“完成任務(wù)”。
2.第4句中破折號后的內(nèi)容“算盤”是前面“更為高級的計算工具”的同位語，譯文處也可用破折號引出。
3.第5句中的“由于算盤操作方便、簡單易學”可套用英語常用句式It is+ a. + to do sth.，譯為Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn。雖然中文出現(xiàn)了“由于......因此......”,但譯為英語時不能同時出現(xiàn)“Since... so...”。
4.最后一句中的“有人發(fā)展了珠心算”如果逐字對譯為someone has developed...則顯晦澀，且主語“有人”無需強調(diào)，故轉(zhuǎn)換主語為“珠心算”,用there came句型，表存現(xiàn)狀態(tài)?！凹窗阉惚P的形象……”是對“珠心算”的補充說明，可用介詞短語 with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures 來表達。