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2019上半年英語六級翻譯題庫：中國人的姓名
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現(xiàn)代中國人的姓名通常由姓(家庭姓氏)和名(個人所起的名字)組成，并且姓在前，名在后。因此，王小平被稱為王先生，個人的名字為小平。大事，在中國古代，起名非常復(fù)雜。一個人通常有好幾個名字，包括姓、氏、名、字，每一個都表達不同的意思。姓和氏演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的姓，名和字則演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在的名?，F(xiàn)在人們通常用姓氏來指一個人的姓，用名字來指一個人所起的名。對中國古代文獻的研究表明，“姓”最初指不同的母系部落(matriarchal tribes)的名字，和人們居住地也有某些關(guān)系。研究表明，“姓”出現(xiàn)于母系社會時期，大約四千至五千年之前。
參考譯文
A modern Chinese usually has a surname (“family name”)or xing and a given name (“first name”),or ming (or mingzi), always in thar order. Thus Wang Xiaoping is Mr. Wang with personal name Xiaoping. In ancient China, however, naming was very complicated and one person usually had several names, and naming involved xing, shi, ming and zi. Each of these four words meant a different thing. Xing and shi together formed today’s surname, and ming and zi today’s given name. today, people use xingshi to refer to a person’s surname, mingzi to refer to one’s given name. study of ancient Chinese documents shows that xing originally referred to the names of different matriarchal tribes. It also had something to do with the place where people lived. Researches show that xing came into being during the matrilineal society period, around four to five thousand years ago.
2019上半年英語六級翻譯題庫：四合院
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四合院是中國傳統(tǒng)民居中最重要的形式。它數(shù)量多、分布廣，并且在漢族、滿族、白族以及其他少數(shù)民族中十分流行。大多數(shù)房屋采用木質(zhì)框架。主屋建在南北走向的軸線上，兩個廂房則位于四合院的兩側(cè)。家庭中的長者住在主屋里，而兩翼則是年輕一代的臥室。婦女住在內(nèi)院?？腿撕湍衅妥≡谕庠?。這種分不符合封建禮制。四合院遍布全國的城鄉(xiāng)，但由于各地自然條件和生活方式各有不同，因此發(fā)展出各自的特征。北京的四合院式最具代表性的。
參考譯文
Siheyuan is the most important form of Chinese traditional residential house. It is great in number and wide in distribution, popular among the Han, Manchu, Bai, and some of other minority groups. Most of the houses are of wood framework. The principal room is built on the south-north axis, and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it. The family elders live in the principal room and wings are the bedrooms for the younger generations. Women live in the inner yard. Guests and male servants live in the outer yard. This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations. Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout China, but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and different way of life. Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative.