正在準(zhǔn)備考試的你，小編為你提供了2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：讓座與外星生物，一起來試試吧，希望能對你有所幫助，想知道更多相關(guān)資訊，請關(guān)注網(wǎng)站更新。
2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：讓座
①M(fèi)anners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. ②It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. ③In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.
①This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. ②Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. ③Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. ④Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? ⑤Yet this is all too often seen.
①Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. ②Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prison-camp during the War. ③Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?
①Older people, tired and irritable from a day’s work, are not angels, either — far from it. ②Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. ③One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.
①If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. ②All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. ③Shop assistants won’t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. ④It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.
一、詞匯
1.metropolitan a. 大都市的
2.practically ad. 幾乎，簡直，實(shí)際上
3.elbow v. 用手肘推開
4.dash n. 沖撞
5.tube n. 地鐵
6.much less ad. 更不必說(何況)
7.note v. 注意
8.continental a. 大陸的
9.courtesy n. 禮貌
10.rat race卑鄙的競爭, 你死我活的競爭
11.cripple n. 跛者,殘疾人
12.irritable a. 易怒的，煩躁的
13.brisk a. 敏銳的, 凜冽的, 輕快的
14.weary a. 疲倦的,厭煩的
15.shove v. 推擠
16.commend v. 委托，推薦，嘉獎
17.imperative a. 命令式的,急需的
18.growl v. 怒吠，咆哮
二、長難句
1. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought.
該句的主干為It is nothing for sb (a big, strong schoolboy) to do sth(to elbow an elderly woman aside … )，其中it為形式主語，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to do sth為真正的主語。much less用于否定句之后，表示程度減少，意為“更何況，更不用說”。句末as引導(dǎo)了方式狀語從句，且為省略句，其完整形式是as he ought to (stand up and offer his seat to her)。
翻譯：個大個頭，身體強(qiáng)壯的男學(xué)生在沖向地鐵或公共汽車的最后一個座位時，用肘部把一個老太太推向一旁，這已經(jīng)不算什么了，更別指望他站起來把座位讓給老太太，盡管他應(yīng)該那樣做。
2. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.
該句的主干為it is saddening to note that …，其中it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。該從句為主從復(fù)合句，包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
翻譯：實(shí)際上，我們悲哀地發(fā)現(xiàn)如果真有一個人把自己的座位讓給老年婦女，那么這個人幾乎總是歐洲大陸人或是老一輩的人。
3. This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else.
該句的主干為This question … is much argued about，主語名詞question后接有介詞短語of giving up seats in public transport做后置定語。Who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，也做后置定語，修飾名詞young men。該定語從句的主干為who (young men) say that … and that …，兩個that引導(dǎo)的從句做say的賓語。
翻譯：在公共交通工具上讓座的問題常被青年人反駁，他們說，既然婦女要求平等，那么她們將不應(yīng)再被禮貌對待，那些出去工作的人應(yīng)該像其他任何人一樣在你死我活的競爭中輪流等候。
4. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened.
該句為主從復(fù)合句。插入語however表明該句與上文之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句首為even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，其主干為it is not agreed that …，it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。主句為the fact remains that …，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句為the fact的同位語。
翻譯：即使在年輕男子應(yīng)該讓位給年輕女子的做法上不能達(dá)成共識，但是對那些老人、病者和負(fù)重之人仍應(yīng)給予禮貌。
5. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first served,” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands?
該句為主從復(fù)合句形式的疑問句。主句為Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness … ，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句we can sit …first served,” 做后置定語，修飾名詞短語ideals of unselfishness。句末為while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
翻譯：難道我們真的喪失了所有的無私思想，以至于當(dāng)一位白發(fā)蒼蒼的老太太、一位抱著孩子的母親或一位傷殘者站在旁邊時，我們?nèi)匀荒軌蛉绱寺唤?jīng)心地讀著報(bào)紙或一本書，同時對自己說“先來，先享受”嗎?
6. If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.
該句為主從復(fù)合句，句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句為it seems imperative not only that …but also that …，其中it為形式主語，not only… but also …連接的兩個that引導(dǎo)的并列從句為真正的主語。
翻譯：然而，如果城市還打算保持其良好的居住環(huán)境，這一點(diǎn)十分必要，不僅運(yùn)輸工具要改進(jìn)，人類之間的交流也更有必要保持暢通和有禮貌。
三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析
這篇文章以交通工具上的讓座問題為切入點(diǎn)，主要探討城市中的禮貌缺失現(xiàn)象，論證方法為說理和例證。
第一段指出現(xiàn)象：禮貌在大城市中已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在，并以如今年輕人不給老年人讓座為例說明這一情況的惡劣性。
第二段提出年輕人對不讓座這種行為的解釋(女性要求平等對待)，作者對此進(jìn)行反駁，指出這一理由不能推而廣之。
第三、四段分析交通工具上禮貌缺失的潛在原因，并對其進(jìn)行駁斥：第三段指出原因之一——旅行條件的艱苦，隨后以難民車和戰(zhàn)時開往集中營的車為例反駁這一理由。第四段指出原因之二——人們因工作勞累而變得疲倦和易怒，隨后指出這只是一種借口。
第五段提出警告與建議：列舉城市中禮貌缺失的種種表現(xiàn)，指出禮貌對于城市的良好居住環(huán)境十分必要，并就此提出建議——改善交通工具和人際交流。
四、試題具體分析
17. From what you have read, would you expect manners to improve among people ________?17.從文中可以推知，你會期望哪一類人的禮貌會有所改善?
[A] who are physically weak or crippled[A] 身體虛弱的人或殘疾人
[B] who once lived in a prison-camp during the War[B] 戰(zhàn)爭期間曾生活在集中營的人
[C] who live in big modern cities[C] 生活于現(xiàn)代大城市中的人
[D] who live only in metropolitan cities[D] 只生活于大都市的人
[分析]本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：文章主旨。
此題實(shí)際上考查文章中論述現(xiàn)象(禮貌缺失)的主體。第一段首句指出，禮貌在倫敦這樣的大都市(metropolitan cities like London)已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。第一段②③句提出交通工具上的讓座問題，指出當(dāng)今年輕人缺少應(yīng)有禮貌。第二、三和四段對當(dāng)今年輕人這一行為的理由和交通工具上讓座問題的潛在原因進(jìn)行分析，作者隨后對這些原因進(jìn)行一一反駁。第五段將現(xiàn)象范圍擴(kuò)大(cities)，指出禮貌對于良好居住環(huán)境的重要性，并對此提出建議。[C]選項(xiàng)概括文章中的論述現(xiàn)象的主體(schoolboys、young men、older people、shop assistants、taxi drivers、bus conductors)，為正確項(xiàng)。
[A]和[B]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，身體虛弱的人或殘疾人是應(yīng)該獲得禮貌對待的對象，而非需要改善禮貌的主體;第三段以難民車和集中營的人來反駁造成讓座問題的原因(旅行條件艱苦)，而非期望他們改善禮貌。[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第五段將范圍擴(kuò)大至整個城市，而非僅局限于大都市。
18. What is the writer’s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?18. 作者對于給予女性禮貌對待的觀點(diǎn)是什么?
[A] Now that women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men.[A] 既然女性宣稱平等，那么她們就應(yīng)該得到與男性一樣的對待。
[B] It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women.[B] 年輕男人讓座給年輕女人被認(rèn)為是老舊的做法。
[C] “Lady First” should be universally practiced.[C] “女士優(yōu)先”應(yīng)當(dāng)被廣為推廣。
[D] Special consideration ought to be shown them.[D] 應(yīng)該給予女性特別的關(guān)照。
[分析]本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)。
文章第二段首句指出年輕人不讓座的原因：女性要求平等對待。但隨后②句指出，女性從未聲明像男性一樣強(qiáng)壯(，因此她們還應(yīng)獲得些許特別關(guān)照)。[D]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，這是年輕人的觀點(diǎn)，也是作者所反駁的觀點(diǎn)。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)從文中無從推知。
19. According to the author communication between human beings would be smoother if ________.19.作者認(rèn)為人與人之間的交流將會變得更加容易，如果________。
[A] people were more considerate towards each other[A] 人們對彼此多加關(guān)照。
[B] people were not so tired and irritable[B] 人們不那么勞累和易怒。
[C] women were treated with more courtesy[C] 女性得到更多禮貌對待。
[D] public transport could be improved[D] 公共交通有所改善。
[分析]本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)。
作者以交通工具上的讓座問題為切入點(diǎn)來探討城市中禮貌缺失的現(xiàn)象。文章第二段指出，人們對于那些身處弱勢的人(如女性、老人、病人和殘疾人等)應(yīng)當(dāng)懷有無私思想，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予禮貌對待。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。
文章第四段前兩句指出人們因?yàn)楣ぷ鲃诶鄱兊闷＞胍着?，以至于失去禮貌，但③句則指出這只是一種借口，排除[B]選項(xiàng)。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，女性只是應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得禮貌對待的對象之一，其他對象還包括老人、病人、殘疾人等;交通工具上的讓座問題僅是作者例舉的禮貌缺失的一種典型現(xiàn)象，因此改善交通工具并不能解決禮貌缺失這一整體現(xiàn)象。
20. What is the possible meaning of the word “deterioration” in the last paragraph?20.最后一段的詞語“deterioration”的意思可能是________。
[A] worsening of general situation[A] 總體情況的惡化
[B] lowering of moral standards[B] 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降
[C] declining of physical constitution[C] 身體素質(zhì)的下降
[D] spreading of evil conduct[D] 惡劣行為的傳播
[分析]本題所考查的知識點(diǎn)是：根據(jù)上下文推測詞義。
Deterioration前有such修飾，聯(lián)系上文，應(yīng)當(dāng)指作者前面列出的禮貌缺失的種種表現(xiàn)(商店售貨員不愿助人，出租車司機(jī)彼此怒目而視，公共汽車售票員粗魯舉止，這種種行為體現(xiàn)了人們道德素質(zhì)的下降，進(jìn)而說明道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]選項(xiàng)范圍太過寬泛，而無法具體概括文章所指出的問題。[C]選項(xiàng)從文中無從推知。[D]選項(xiàng)局限于表面，而沒有深刻領(lǐng)會現(xiàn)象背后的意義。
五、全文翻譯
如今，禮貌在像倫敦這樣的大都市里實(shí)際上已經(jīng)不存在了。一個大個頭，身體強(qiáng)壯的男學(xué)生在沖向地鐵或公共汽車的最后一個座位時，用肘部把一個老太太推向一旁，這已經(jīng)不算什么了，更別指望他站起來把座位讓給老太太，盡管他應(yīng)該那樣做。實(shí)際上，我們悲哀地發(fā)現(xiàn)如果真有一個人把自己的座位讓給老年婦女，那么這個人幾乎總是歐洲大陸人或是老一輩的人。
在公共交通工具上讓座的問題常被青年人反駁，他們說，既然婦女要求平等，那么她們將不應(yīng)再被禮貌對待，那些出去工作的人應(yīng)該像其他任何人一樣在你死我活的競爭中輪流等候。婦女從未聲明像男子一樣身強(qiáng)力壯。即使在年輕男子應(yīng)該讓位給年輕女子的做法上不能達(dá)成共識，但是對那些老人、病者和負(fù)重之人仍應(yīng)給予禮貌。難道我們真的喪失了所有的無私思想，以至于當(dāng)一位白發(fā)蒼蒼的老太太、一位抱著孩子的母親或一位傷殘者站在旁邊時，我們?nèi)匀荒軌蛉绱寺唤?jīng)心地讀著報(bào)紙或一本書，同時對自己說“先來，先享受”嗎? 然而這卻是太常見的景象了。
我們知道，對每個人來講，旅途中的條件都是很苦的，但是艱苦確實(shí)不是理由。有時人們想知道，在一列擁擠的難民車或在戰(zhàn)期駛往監(jiān)獄的火車上，那些強(qiáng)壯的年輕男子會怎樣做。那時，他們會不會認(rèn)為為自己留下最好的位子是正確的并且是他們的應(yīng)得的權(quán)益?
老人，常因一天的工作變得勞累且易怒，他們也不會表現(xiàn)得如天使一般——遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不會。上地鐵或公共汽車時，疲倦的人們前擠后擁，彼此推搡，許多激烈的或侮辱性的爭吵就會爆發(fā)。當(dāng)然，我們無法說這種現(xiàn)象是錯是對，只是能理解疲倦是其發(fā)生的原因之一。
然而，如果城市還打算保持其良好的居住環(huán)境，這一點(diǎn)十分必要，不僅運(yùn)輸工具要改進(jìn)，人類之間的交流也更有必要保持暢通和有禮貌。整個城市里，似乎人們太疲倦，太匆忙以至于做不到講禮貌。商店售貨員嫌麻煩不愿過來幫忙;出租汽車司機(jī)們在拐角處危險地沖過去時，他們會彼此大吼大叫;公共汽車售票員在拼命的乘客們尚未來得及上下車之前，拉動車鈴，等等，等等。在我們看來正是年輕人和強(qiáng)壯者出一點(diǎn)力以阻止這種狀況惡化的時候了。
2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：外星生物
A scientist once said: “I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space.”
If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs (unidentified flying objects), questions immediately come up.
“Why don’t they get in touch with us, then? Why don’t they land right on the White House lawn and declare themselves?” people asked.
In reply, scientists say that, while this may be what we want, it may not necessarily be what they want.
“The most likely explanation, it seems to me,” said Dr. Mead, “is that they are simply watching what we are up to -- that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we don’t set in motion a chain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”
Opinions from other scientists might go like this: “Why should they want to get in touch with us? We may feel we’re more important than we really are! They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the development of our civilization. They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say ‘hello’.”
①Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve. ②Just as we set aside wilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observe them, so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.
①Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe? ②Are they watching our progress in space travel? ③Do we live in a gigantic “zoo” observed by our “keepers,” but having no communication with them?
①Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these. ②The simple fact is that we, who have always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe, may not be so. ③Now we have to recognize that, among the stars in the heavens, there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.
11. People who ask the question “Why don’t they get in touch with us... and declare themselves?” think that ________.11. 提出“那么他們?yōu)槭裁床缓臀覀兟?lián)系呢?為什么他們不正好降落到白宮的草坪上然后自我介紹一下呢?”這些問題的人認(rèn)為________.
[A] there are no such things as UFOs[A] 不明飛行物這種東西是不存在的
[B] UFOs are visitors from solar system[B] 不明飛行物是來自太陽系的探訪者
[C] there’s no reason for UFOs sooner or later[C] 對于不明飛行物的說法遲早會理屈詞窮的
[D] we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later[D] 人類遲早會看見不明飛行物的
[分析]本題考查的知識點(diǎn)是：推理引申。
根據(jù)第一、二段可知，題干中的問題是“如果將來自外太空的智能飛船正在造訪地球作為對不明飛行物的合理解釋”就會出現(xiàn)的問題。第四到七段引用科學(xué)家的話對這一問題給予了回復(fù)：對為什么人類同外星人之間沒有聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了推測?？梢姡瑔栠@些問題的人并不相信外星生物或不明飛行物是存在的，而科學(xué)家的推測卻在證明它們可能是存在的。故[A]選項(xiàng)正確。
[B]選項(xiàng)是根據(jù)UFOs和solar system編造的干擾項(xiàng)，且[B]選項(xiàng)本身表達(dá)亦不正確。文中指出如果外星人是存在的，那他們一定存在于太陽系之外的某個星系之中。[C]選項(xiàng)錯在no reasons。文章第四到七段給出針對這些問題的解答，所以并非是理屈詞窮。[D]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，從上面的分析可知提出問題的人是不相信UFOs是存在的，所以他們也不會認(rèn)為遲早會見到不明飛行物。
12. According to Dr. Mead, the attitude of beings from outer space toward us is one of ________.12.米德博士認(rèn)為來自外太空的生物對人類的看法會是_______。
[A] unfriendliness[A] 不友善的
[B] suspicion[B] 猜疑的
[C] superiority[C] 盛氣凌人的
[D] hostility[D] 敵意的
[分析]本題考查的知識點(diǎn)是：推理引申。
根據(jù)題中人物關(guān)鍵詞Dr. Mead定位到文章第五段。針對一些人提出的外星人為何不同人類接觸的問題，米德博士認(rèn)為最可能的解釋就是他們只是負(fù)責(zé)留意我們，確保我們的行動不會觸發(fā)能夠危害到他們的連鎖反應(yīng)。由此可知，米德博士的觀點(diǎn)是外星人對人類的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是猜疑的，故[B]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]、[C]選項(xiàng)都是其他猜測認(rèn)為來外星生物會對人類所持的態(tài)度。[D]選項(xiàng)從文中無從推知。
13. The tone of the writer is that of ________.13. 作者的語氣是________。
[A] doubt[A] 懷疑的
[B] warning[B] 警告的
[C] indifference[C] 冷漠的
[D] criticism[D] 批判的
[分析]本題考查的知識點(diǎn)是：作者態(tài)度。
文章第八段是作者觀點(diǎn)的闡述。第八段第二句指出人類從未有過外星生物是否存在的想法正是人類自身的盲目優(yōu)越感所致。作者認(rèn)為也許正是這種盲目自大，使我們否定了外星生物的存在，但是外星生物一定是存在于茫茫宇宙的某個星體上，他們看待我們就如同我們看待螞蟻一般?？梢姳疚淖髡咚值氖桥械膽B(tài)度，故[D]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。第八段第三句話明確指出，我們必須認(rèn)識到茫茫星海中也許真的有外星生物的存在。從文中無法得出作者對否定外星人存在的人所給的警示之語，故排除[B]選項(xiàng)。第八段中always, supreme, have to, who are to us as we are to ants等表明了作者并不是漠然的，故[C]選項(xiàng)錯誤。