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2019年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀模擬試題(4)
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.
1. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____
[A]its drastically decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D]the insistence of private landowners
2.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____
[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer agencies in action
[C]granted less federal regulatory power
[D]went against conservation policies
3.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____
[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
4.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______
[A]the federal government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the landowners
[D]the states
5.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan under challenge
參考答案及解析
1 .A its drastically decreased population
解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段But前后關(guān)于lesser prairie chickens 數(shù)量2million和22,000的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 數(shù)量的急劇下降為正確答案。
2 .C granted less federal regulatory powers
Grant 動(dòng)詞-同意允許;授予賦予
名詞-補(bǔ)貼
解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句，They had …, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power. 而But 之后是截然相反的事實(shí)，即政府授予了更少的管理權(quán)。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers為正確答案。
3 .A agree to pay a sum for compensation賠償補(bǔ)償 薪酬
解析：推斷題。題干問的是從第三段推出來：無意傷害的那些人是不會(huì)被檢舉的如果怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute….as long as ….”，題干中問的if即原文的as long as的同意替換，原文as long as的意思是：只要他們簽署了計(jì)劃。下一句說道，該計(jì)劃要求個(gè)體和企業(yè)去支付基金。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“贊同支付賠償”屬于同義替換。
4 .D the states
解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said. 其中in the driver’s seat對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的the leading role, 故而D states為正確答案。
5 .C environmental groups群體團(tuán)體
解析：文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。題干問的是Jay Lininger最可能支持誰，大寫人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物學(xué)家Jay Lininger說道聯(lián)邦政府要把責(zé)任推給導(dǎo)致鳥類滅絕的企業(yè)，顯然是對(duì)政府和企業(yè)的反對(duì)。再往前看一句，指出：企業(yè)團(tuán)體和政府部門觀點(diǎn)一致，環(huán)境學(xué)家與其觀點(diǎn)恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持環(huán)境團(tuán)體的觀點(diǎn)了。
2019年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀模擬試題(5)
There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.
Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but risking to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Pere.
Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about do, it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you are overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said, “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”
1. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to
[A] the pressure form its investors
[B] the complaints from its readers
[C] the high cost of operation
[D] the increasing online ad sales.
2.Peretti suggests that.in face of the present situation, the Times should
[A] make strategic adjustments
[B] end the print edition for good
[C] seek new sources of readership
[D] aim for efficient management
3.It can be inferred front Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “l(fā)egacy product”
[A] will have the cost of printing reduced.
[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.
[C] helps restore the glory of former times.
[D] expands the popularity of the paper.
4. Peretti believes that in a changing world,
[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.
[B] aggressiveness better meets challenges.
[C] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.
[D] legacy businesses are becoming outdated.
5 . Which of the following would be the best title of the text
[A] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good
[B] Keep Your Newspaper Forever in Fashion
[C] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand
[D] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once
參考答案及解析
1.【答案】[C]
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》考慮停止紙質(zhì)版新聞?dòng)∷⒊霭娴脑蚴鞘裁?。文章首段首句即是此?nèi)容的同義表達(dá)，第二段解釋具體原因，第二句：The infrastructure...isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. 意思是紙質(zhì)印刷所要求的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不僅僅貴而且多余，因?yàn)樗麄兊木W(wǎng)絡(luò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的限制。[C]項(xiàng)“運(yùn)行的高成本”是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，故正確。[A]項(xiàng) 來自于投資者的壓力，[B]項(xiàng) 來自于讀者的投訴，[D]項(xiàng) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告銷售的增長(zhǎng)，這三項(xiàng)在文中均未提及，故排除。
2.【答案】[A]
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是：面對(duì)目前的形勢(shì)，Peretti建議《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》怎么做。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞Peretti回原文中定位至第四段，首句內(nèi)容是Peretti說《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》不該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間去想著如何停止紙質(zhì)印刷，而應(yīng)該找到一種正確的方法去解決這件事。接著第二句Peretti說找到一種方式來促進(jìn)這種轉(zhuǎn)變會(huì)對(duì)他們來說有用處?？芍狿eretti認(rèn)為《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》應(yīng)當(dāng)做出一些改變而非停止紙質(zhì)版的發(fā)行，[A]項(xiàng)“做出策略上的調(diào)整”是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。[B]項(xiàng) 永遠(yuǎn)結(jié)束紙質(zhì)版，與原文意思相反，故排除;[C]項(xiàng) 尋求新的讀者資源，[D]項(xiàng) 以高效的管理為目標(biāo)，在原文中未提及，故排除。
3.【答案】[B]
【題型】推斷題。
【解析】題干意思為：從第五、六段可以推斷出“傳承產(chǎn)品” 。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞legacy product定位到第五段最后一句：I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.不僅要提高價(jià)格還要將它變?yōu)橐环N遺留品。單單這一句不足以做出選擇，需要繼續(xù)往下看在第六段中有沒有對(duì)于這個(gè)詞的解釋。第六段開頭提到了他認(rèn)為大部分忠實(shí)的消費(fèi)者依舊會(huì)堅(jiān)持購買他們喜歡的產(chǎn)品，而且他們會(huì)認(rèn)為是在幫助維持他們所信任的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量?？梢奝eretti認(rèn)為忠實(shí)的購買者不會(huì)有改變，如果可以每年增加一些比例，那么依舊是可以創(chuàng)收的。緊接著出現(xiàn)了in other worlds(換句話說)，如果我們要做這些print product(印刷產(chǎn)品)，那就為那些已經(jīng)癡迷于他們的人而做吧。[B]項(xiàng)“是為多數(shù)忠實(shí)的顧客設(shè)計(jì)的”，是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義替換，為正確答案。[A]項(xiàng) 會(huì)降低印刷成本，[C]項(xiàng) 重建以往的榮耀，[D]項(xiàng) 擴(kuò)大報(bào)紙的受歡迎程度，這三項(xiàng)均在文中未提及，故排除。
4.【答案】[B]
【題型】細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解析】題干以為：Peretti認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)變化的世界里 。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞Peretti和changing world可回文中定位到文章最后一段，由最后一段可知Peretti認(rèn)為在市場(chǎng)在變化、世界在變化的情況中，更有進(jìn)取心是更好的。[B]項(xiàng)“進(jìn)取精神可以更好地迎接挑戰(zhàn)”，本項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。[A]項(xiàng) 傳統(tǒng)的奢侈品不會(huì)受到影響，在文中未提及，故排除;[C]項(xiàng) 謹(jǐn)慎小心促進(jìn)問題的解決，與原文意思相反，故排除;[D]項(xiàng) 傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)正在變得過時(shí)，在文中未提及，故排除。
5.【答案】[A]
【題型】主旨題。
【解析】全文由《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》紙質(zhì)版終有一天會(huì)面臨倒閉的危機(jī)引出話題，重點(diǎn)闡述Peretti對(duì)此問題的看法：《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》紙質(zhì)版應(yīng)該考慮轉(zhuǎn)型——為大部分忠實(shí)的顧客提供遺留品。后面接著闡述了如何將《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》做成這種專為忠實(shí)的顧客制作的高價(jià)遺留品。[A]項(xiàng)“將你的印刷報(bào)紙做成一個(gè)奢侈品”，a luxury good是對(duì)原文中提到的高價(jià)“l(fā)egacy product”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故正確。B.始終保持你的報(bào)紙時(shí)尚前沿，[C]項(xiàng) 珍惜你手中仍然擁有的報(bào)紙，[D]項(xiàng) 立刻轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線報(bào)紙，均不是本文要的主旨，故排除。
2019年大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀模擬試題(6)
The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸鹽) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper，lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earth's surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantleto produce all of the major topographical(地形學(xué)的)features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occur are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.
There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. Newoceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth' s crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆發(fā)) of lava (火山熔巖) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents，a rift(裂縫) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the tea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks,too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皺) to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The Earth’s crust______.
A.can be classified into two types
B.is formed along the margins of the plates
C.consists of semi-molten rocks
D.is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick
2.The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from ___.
A.the oceanic crusts and continental crusts
B.the crusts and the mantle
C.the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantle
D.the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle
3.Seriously-deformed zones appear _______
A.whenever the crusts move over mantle
B.when the plates move towards each other
C.in the narrow boundaries where two plates meet
D.to be the major topographical feature of the Earth
4.According to the second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_______.
A.spreading contacts
B.the influence of volcanic eruptions
C.converging contacts
D.transform contacts
5.This passage is probably_______.
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a chapter of a novel
C.an excerpt from a textbook
D.a scientific report of new findings
參考答案及解析
1.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A與文章第1段第2句所述一致，為正確答案。此類題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第2段第2句的內(nèi)容可以知道選項(xiàng)B所指的只是地殼中的一種.而不是所有地殼。選項(xiàng)C與文章第1句的內(nèi)容不符。選項(xiàng)D的主語應(yīng)該是地殼和上層的地幔，不僅僅是地殼。
2.[C] 推理判斷題。此題可定位到第1段倒數(shù)第3句。題干中的15 plates是原文該句中的賓語，且該句的謂語中心詞是consist of(由......組成)，題干的謂語是are formed from，這意思一致，但題目用的是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表明答案可從原文該句的主語得到。主語中的top和solid并列修飾part of the mantle。選項(xiàng)C為該句的同義替換，故正確。
3.[C] 亊實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)第1段最后一句的同義改寫。文章中沒有提到選項(xiàng)A中the crusts move over mantle 這種現(xiàn)象;選項(xiàng)B提到的現(xiàn)象在第2段第1句才討論到，與題干無關(guān);文中也沒有提到嚴(yán)重變形的地區(qū)是地球的主要地形特征，因此選項(xiàng)D不正確。
4.[A] 亊實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第2段主要分成兩部分：第一部分談板塊活動(dòng)的三種形式，第二部分分別舉例說明其中在說明spreading contacts時(shí)，引用了大西洋的例子："The Atlantic Ocean formed like this..."，所以答案為A。
5. [C] 主旨大意題。由本文的語言風(fēng)格和描述內(nèi)容可以判定這篇文章既不是商業(yè)性的，也不是文學(xué)性的同時(shí)文中敘述的內(nèi)容具有科普性質(zhì)，不可能是太前沿性的，因此A、B、D三項(xiàng)都不正確，選項(xiàng)C為此題答案。