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1. Early promise to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed orgin came much slower because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies produced.
【分析】多重復(fù)合句。主句主干為 Early promise came much slower。不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to end ... mixed origin 作promises 的后置定語(yǔ);because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,其中包含省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句 such policies produced,該定語(yǔ)從句修飾 revenue。
【譯文】先前結(jié)束印第安人納貢和停止向混血人種征稅的承諾實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)就緩慢得多,因?yàn)檫@些新興國(guó)家仍然這些政策帶來(lái)的財(cái)政收入。
2. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of the day wandering the street.
【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為 a good number still spend the bulk of the day wandering the street。 Even when 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,該從句中又包含了一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾限定 a shelter。
【譯文】即使無(wú)家可歸者找到了庇護(hù)所,白天有三餐,晚上有地方睡,還是會(huì)有很多人每天大部分時(shí)間在街頭流浪。
【拓展】1) bulk 作名詞時(shí),常用意為“體積,數(shù)量,容量(尤指巨大的)”或“主要部分,大部分”,此時(shí)常用短語(yǔ)有:in bulk “大量”。作動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“變得越來(lái)越大(或重要)”;此時(shí)常用短語(yǔ)有:bulk large“顯得重要;突出”,bulk sth. out “使某物更大或更厚”。2) spend time/money in doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)做某事。
3. Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 Many others...simply lack the everyday survival skills。 while 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然,盡管”,從句中省略了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞;needed to為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作 everyday survival skills 的后置定語(yǔ)。
【譯文】還有許多人雖然不喝酒、不吸毒,精神也正常,但就是沒(méi)有使自己改善生活現(xiàn)狀的基本生存能力。
【拓展】turn around 意為“(使)轉(zhuǎn)身”,“(使)轉(zhuǎn)換方向”,或“(使)好轉(zhuǎn)”。
4. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.
【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 Theories...suggest that...,that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 focusing on the role of society 為現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾 Theories。 賓語(yǔ)從句的主干為 children commit crimes。
【譯文】強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)因素的理論認(rèn)為兒童的犯罪行為是因?yàn)樗麄兾茨苋缭傅靥岣咦约旱纳鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,或者是因?yàn)榕懦庵挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)的價(jià)值觀(guān)。
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