2014年英語(yǔ)專四考試詞匯語(yǔ)法題考前練兵(39)

字號(hào):


    Test Thirty-Nine
    近義詞辨析
    flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error
    這組詞都表示“錯(cuò)誤,缺陷”。
    flaw
    原意為“裂縫,裂隙”,引申為“缺點(diǎn),漏洞,瑕疵”,表示存在的或出現(xiàn)的某種破壞了完好統(tǒng)一體的因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)完美性或有效性的損害。
    defect
    意思是“欠缺,不足”,指缺乏達(dá)到完善或發(fā)揮效用所需要的東西,也常指一般的缺陷。
    fault
    意思是“缺點(diǎn),毛病;錯(cuò)誤,過(guò)錯(cuò),責(zé)任”,一般指性格上的弱點(diǎn)或行為上的過(guò)失及責(zé)任。
    mistake
    指由于認(rèn)識(shí)上的缺點(diǎn)而無(wú)心犯下的錯(cuò)誤。
    error
    常指違反一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而犯的錯(cuò)誤。mistake和error雖然常常通用,但在習(xí)慣搭配中不能互換。
    如:
    I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理論中我找不到任何漏洞。
    No one is without defects.人無(wú)完人。
    She always finds fault with me.她總挑我的毛病。
    I took her gloves by mistake.我錯(cuò)拿了她的手套。
    Every man is liable to err.人人都難免犯錯(cuò)誤。
    freedom, liberty
    這組詞均含有“自由”的意思。
    freedom
    強(qiáng)調(diào)不受外界任何限制和約束,或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。
    liberty
    側(cè)重于從所受的壓制或壓迫下解放出來(lái)。
    如:
    In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些國(guó)家里沒(méi)有新聞自由。
    All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中營(yíng)里所有囚犯都想得到自由。
    全真模擬試題
    1. John said that he didn’t quite ?____?and asked me to repeatwhat I had said.
    A.snatch up B.summon up C.catch on D.watch out
    2. On weekend my grandma usually ?____? a glass of wine.
    A.subscribes B.engages C.hangs D.indulgesin
    3. At the party we found that shy girl ?____?her mother all the time.
    A.depending on B.coinciding on
    C.adheringto D.clinging to
    4. The schoolmaster ?____? the girl’s bravery inhis opening speech.
    A.applauded B.enhanced C.elevated D.clapped
    5. The Space Age ?____?in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet union  .
    A.initiated B.originated C.embarked D.commenced
    6. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currencyis a?____?of its economy.
    A.response B.revelation C.reaction D.reflection
    7. If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nationsto limit local ?____?.
    A.collisions B.combats C.contradictions D.conflicts
    8. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ?____?in tropical countries.
    A.perpetual B.prospective C.prevalent D.provocative
    9. David likes country life and has decided to ?____?farming.
    A.go in for B.go back on
    C.go through with D.go along with.
    10. I am afraid that you have to alter your ?____? views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.
    A.pessimistic B.indifferent C.distressing D.optimistic
    11. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ?____?.
    A.put him through B.turned him out
    C.gave him up D.cut him short
    12. Many people think of deserts as ?____? regions, but numerous speciesof plants and animals have adapted to life there.
    A.void B.virgin C.barren D.wretched
    13. The politician says he will ?____? the welfare of the people.
    A.prey on B.take on C.get at D.see to
    14. A budget of five dollars a day is totally ?____?for a trip round Europe.
    A.inadequate B.incapable C.incompatible D.invalid
    15. If you ?____?the bottle and cigarettes,you’ll be much healthier.
    A.take off B.keep off C.get off D.set off
    16. Bill is example of a severely disabled person who has become ?____? at many survival skills.
    A.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficient
    17. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ?____?that they can disapppear at any moment.
    A.trivial B.fatal C.tentative D.feeble
    18. Diamonds have little ?____?value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.
    A.extinct B.permanent C.surplus D.intrinsic
    19. The kitchen was small and ?____?so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.
    A.conventional B.compact C.compatible D.concise
    20. The original elections were declared ?____? by the former military ruler.
    A.void B.vulgar C.surplus D.extravagant
    21. Some criminals were printing ?____?dollar bills until they were arrested.
    A.decent B.fake C.patent D.suspicious
    22. The directions were so ?____? that it was impossibleto complete the assignment.
    A.ingenious B.ambitious C.notorious D.ambiguous
    23. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job,education is one of the most?____? areas in Japanese life.
    A.sophisticated B.competitive
    C.considerate D.superficial
    24. A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the ?____?.
    A.panic B.patriotic C.pathetic D.periodic
    25. Some people think that a ?____?translation, or word for word translation, is easier than a free translation.
    A.literal B.literary C.liberal D.linear
    試題答案與解析
    1. C)【句意】約翰說(shuō)他不大明白,要我再說(shuō)一遍。
    【難點(diǎn)】catch on意為“理解”,用于口語(yǔ);snatch up意為“抓住某物”;summon up意為“鼓起(勇氣等);watch out意為“當(dāng)心,監(jiān)視,注意”。
    2. D)【句意】每逢周末我祖母都要喝上一杯酒享受一下。
    【難點(diǎn)】indulge in意為“沉湎于”;engage in或be engaged in意為“忙于,從事于”;subscribe to意為“預(yù)訂(書(shū)報(bào)等)”;hang on意為“堅(jiān)持”。
    3. D)【句意】聚會(huì)時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)靦腆的姑娘總是緊緊抓住她母親。
    【難點(diǎn)】cling to意為“緊緊抓住”;depend on意為“依靠,取決于”;coincide意為“相符,與…一致”;adhere to意為“粘附,遵守,堅(jiān)持”。
    4. A)【句意】校長(zhǎng)在開(kāi)幕詞中贊揚(yáng)了這位姑娘大無(wú)畏的精神。
    【難點(diǎn)】applaud意為“鼓掌”,表示贊許;clap作“鼓掌”解時(shí)與applaud同義,卻無(wú)“稱贊”之意;enhance是“提高(價(jià)值),增加(美麗)”的意思;elevate意為“提高(思想覺(jué)悟,嗓門等),振奮(精神,情緒等)”。
    5. D)【句意】太空時(shí)代始于1957年10月,那時(shí)第一顆人造衛(wèi)星是由蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射升空的。
    【難點(diǎn)】commence意為“開(kāi)始”,作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞均可;initiate是及物動(dòng)詞,意為“開(kāi)始,發(fā)起,創(chuàng)始,倡議”;originate可作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)源,來(lái)自,產(chǎn)生”,作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“引起,創(chuàng)始,發(fā)明”;embark意為“開(kāi)始”,后接on。
    6. D)【句意】正如你所看到的那樣,一個(gè)國(guó)家貨幣的幣值反映了這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況。
    【難點(diǎn)】reflection意為“反映”;response意為“反響”;revelation意為“透露”;reaction意為“反應(yīng)”。
    7. A)【句意】要想讓世界保持安寧,各國(guó)必須盡最大努力減少地區(qū)沖突。
    【難點(diǎn)】collisions意為“沖突”;combat意為“戰(zhàn)斗”;contradiction意為“(意見(jiàn)等)相互矛盾,沖突”;conflict意為“沖突(指處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)或激烈的爭(zhēng)吵)”。
    8. C)【句意】某些研究證明,這種眼病在一些地處熱帶的國(guó)家中流行。
    【難點(diǎn)】prevalent意為“流行的”;perpetual意為“永恒的”;prospective意為“預(yù)期的”;provocative意為“挑釁的”。
    9. A)【句意】戴維喜愛(ài)鄉(xiāng)村生活,決心從事農(nóng)業(yè)。
    【難點(diǎn)】go in for意為“從事,進(jìn)行”;go back on 意為“違背”;go through with意為“將…進(jìn)行到底”;go along with意為“贊同,支持”。
    10. D)【句意】根據(jù)得到的不幸消息,你所持的樂(lè)觀看法恐怕要變變了。
    【難點(diǎn)】optimistic意為“樂(lè)觀的”;pessimistic意為“悲觀的”;indifferent意為“冷漠的”;distressing意為“使人痛苦”。
    11. D)【句意】杰克正準(zhǔn)備宣布我們的計(jì)劃時(shí),我打斷了他。
    【難點(diǎn)】cut short意為“打斷(某人)”;put somebody through意為“為某人接通電話”;turn someone out意為“驅(qū)逐某人,使某人離開(kāi)”;give someone up 意為“把某人交給,招供出某人”。
    12. C)【句意】很多人認(rèn)為沙漠地區(qū)一片荒涼,可仍有無(wú)數(shù)的動(dòng)植物適應(yīng)在那里生存。
    【難點(diǎn)】barren意為“不毛的”;void意為“無(wú)效的,空的”;virgin意為“未經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)的”;wretched意為“可憐的,討厭的,拙劣的”。
    13. D)【句意】這位政治家說(shuō)他將保證人民享有的福利。
    【難點(diǎn)】see to意為“負(fù)責(zé)處理”;prey on意為“捕食,折磨”;take on意為“承擔(dān)”,后接表示“任務(wù)”之類的詞”;get at意為“意指,意思是”。
    14. A)【句意】到歐洲旅行,五美元一天的預(yù)算是不夠的。
    【難點(diǎn)】inadequate意為“不足的”;incapable意為“無(wú)能力的”;incompatible意為“不相容的”;invalid意為“無(wú)效的,作廢的”。
    15. B)【句意】如果你戒煙戒酒,你的身體就會(huì)好多了。
    【難點(diǎn)】keep off意為“遠(yuǎn)離”;take off意為“起飛”;get off意為“(從汽車、火車等交通工具)下來(lái);set off意為“激起,引起,動(dòng)身,啟程”。
    16. A)【句意】嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能熟練地掌握很多生存技能,比爾就是例證。
    【難點(diǎn)】proficient意為“熟練的”;persistent意為“持續(xù)的,不懈的”;consistent意為“堅(jiān)持的”;sufficient意為“充分的,足夠的”。
    17. D)【句意】將我們維系在一起進(jìn)行共同活動(dòng)的紐帶是不牢靠的,隨時(shí)都會(huì)消失。
    【難點(diǎn)】feeble意為“軟弱的”;trivial意為“微不足道的”;fatal意為“致命的”;tentative意為“嘗試性的”。
    18. D)【句意】鉆石本身沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值。它昂貴的價(jià)格完全是物以稀為貴的緣故。
    【難點(diǎn)】intrinsic意為“內(nèi)在的”;extinct意為“滅絕的”;permanent意為“永久的”;surplus意為“過(guò)剩的”。
    19. B)【句意】這間廚房小巧緊湊,殘疾人可以很方便地取物。
    【難點(diǎn)】compact意為“小巧的”;conventional意為“傳統(tǒng)的”;compatible意為“協(xié)調(diào)的”;concise意為“簡(jiǎn)潔的”。
    20. A)【句意】原先的選舉被前軍事獨(dú)裁者宣布為無(wú)效。
    【難點(diǎn)】void意為“無(wú)效的”;vulgar意為“粗俗的”;surplus意為“過(guò)剩的”;extravagant意為“奢侈的”。
    21. B)【句意】有幾個(gè)犯罪分子被捕前一直在印假美鈔。
    【難點(diǎn)】fake意為“假的”;decent意為“體面的,適當(dāng)?shù)?rdquo;;patent意為“公開(kāi)的,顯然的”;suspicious意為“可疑的”。
    22. D)【句意】指示太不明確,無(wú)法完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
    【難點(diǎn)】ambiguous意為“含糊的”;ingenious意為“奇妙的”;ambitious意為“有抱負(fù)的”;notorious意為“臭名昭著的”。
    23. B)【句意】由于名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位可以使人找到好的工作,因此在日本,教育是最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的領(lǐng)域。
    【難點(diǎn)】competitive意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的”;sophisticated意為“老于世故的”;considerate意為“考慮周到的”;superficial意為“膚淺的”。
    24. C)【句意】發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)可怕的交通事故。當(dāng)人們看到那些可憐的受害者時(shí),感到很難過(guò)。
    【難點(diǎn)】pathetic意為“可憐的”;panic意為“恐慌,使受驚(用作名詞或動(dòng)詞),in a panic意為“驚慌失措”;patriotic意為“愛(ài)國(guó)的”;periodic意為“定期的”。
    25. A)【句意】有人認(rèn)為直譯,即逐字翻譯,比意譯更容易。
    【難點(diǎn)】literal意為“字面的”;literary意為“文學(xué)的”;liberal意為“自由的”;linear意為“線性的”。