2014年英語專四考試詞匯語法題考前練兵(37)

字號:


    Test Thirty-Seven
    近義詞辨析
    complete, entire, total, whole
    這組詞都可作“完全的,全部的”講。
    complete
    意為“完全的,完善的”,強調所需要的正常的部分都已具備,達到完備、無可增加的程度。
    entire
    意為“完全的,完整的”,可用于具體或抽象的概念,用來形容完整的、未被破壞或切割的統(tǒng)一體。其含義側重物體或概念的本身,強調既不能增加,也不能減少,保持原有完整的意義。該詞常用作定語。
    total
    意為“完全的,全部的”。強調沒有任何例外,一切都被統(tǒng)計在內,指金錢、數量、程度等的全部,在表示抽象意義時,可與complete換用,有時也可和entire換用。
    whole
    意為“整個的,整體的”,強調完整、沒有被忽略、遺漏或減少,此時該詞和entire語義相似,只是語氣稍弱,且多在口語中使用,一般多用作定語。
    They own a house complete with furniture.他們擁有一幢家具齊全的房子。
    The Complete Works of Tolstoy is on the shelf.《托爾斯泰全集》在書架上。
    It took us an entire week to finish the work.完成這項工作花費我們整整一周時間。
    He was in entire ignorance of the matter.他對這件事一無所知。
    What is the total cost of the new furniture?新家具總共花了多少錢?
    The new manager has a total control of the business.新任經理完全掌握公司的控制權。
    The different parts were joined to form a whole group.不同的部分連接起來形成一個整體。
    The whole book is on how to appreciate poetry.整個書都是關于詩歌欣賞的。
    aggression, invasion
    這組詞均含有“入侵”的意思。
    aggression
    主要指對別國的入侵。
    invasion
    指持有挑釁、敵對的企圖而進行的侵占、入侵、侵犯。
    如:
    The Chinese government protested strongly against such barbarous aggression.中國政府強烈抗議這種野蠻的侵略行為。
    The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是對他們公民自由權的侵犯。
    全真模擬試題
    1. The manager promised to have my complaint ?____?.
    A. looked through B. looked into
    C. looked over D. looked after
    2. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are?____?.
    A. out of work B. out of reach
    C.out of stock D.out of practice
    3. Some areas, ?____?their severeweather conditions,are hardly populated.
    A.due to B.in spite of
    C.but for D.withregard to
    4. His tastes and habits ?____? with those of his wife.
    A.combine B.compete C.coincide D.compromise
    5. The criminal always paid ?____? cash so the police could not track him down.
    A. on B.by C.for D.in
    6. Being somewhat short?sighted, she had the habit of?____?atpeople.
    A.glancing B.peering C.gazing D.scanning
    7. When he appliedfor a ?____?in the office of the local newspapers he was told to see the manager.
    A.location B.profession C.career D.position
    8. The ?____? runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.
    A.common B.usual C.average D.general
    9. The travellers ?____?their journey after a short break.
    A.recovered B.resumed C.renewed D.restored
    10. My friend does one thing one day and just the ?____?the next.His behaviour is inconsistent.
    A.other B.alternative C.negative D.opposite
    11. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on the plane inAthens, set to ?____? when it arrived in New York.
    A. get off B. carry off C. go off D. come off
    12. Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were ?______?.
    A. of no avail B. on the contrary
    C. at a loss D. in no way
    13. Have you anything to say ?____?the proposal?
    A. with regard to B. in contrast to
    C. on behalf of D. for the purpose of
    14. The prisoner has been ?____? of many previleges that average citizens enjoy.
    A. ensured B. informed C. deprived D. convinced
    15. It has been estimated that the earth’s surface temperature has increased ?____? one quarter to three quarters of a degree since 1850.
    A. to B. by C. at D. with
    16. He was ?____? to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.
    A. dragged B. tempted C. elicited D. attracted
    17. Dogs are often praised for their ?____?; they almost never abandon their masters.
    A. faith B. loyalty
    C. trust D. truthfulness
    18. As an excellent shooter, Peter practised aiming at both ?____?targets and moving targets.
    A. standing B. stationary C. still D. stable
    19. If each manager makes his usual speech, the meaning will be ?____? for forty?five minutes.
    A. expanded B. prolonged C. delayed D. exceeded
    20. Small boys are ?____? questioners. They ask questions all the time.
    A. original B. imaginative C. peculiar D. persistent
    21. There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has ?____? poverty.
    A. fallen into B. consisted in
    C. resulted in D. come up to
    22. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people ?____? and ask them questions.
    A. at length B. at random C. in essence D. in bulk
    23. The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ?____? his financial situation.
    A. with respect to B. in accord with
    C. regardless of D. in terms of
    24. To call the music of another music?culture “primitive” is ?____? one’s own standards on a group that does not recognize them.
    A.putting B. emphasizing C. forcing D. imposing
    25. This is the first draft of the book.Please feel perfectly free to ?____? it.
    A. cope with B. comment on C. complain D. confirm
    試題答案與解析
    1. B)【句意】經理答應對我的投訴進行調查。
    【難點】look into意為“調查”;look through意為“溫習,瀏覽”;look over意為“審查(帳目),端詳”; look after意為“關心,照應”。
    2. C)【句意】我們遺憾地通知你們,你們認購的材料缺貨。
    【難點】out of stock意為“無貨”;out of work意為“失業(yè)”;out of reach意為“夠不到”;out of practice意為“久不練習,荒疏”。
    3. A)【句意】有些地區(qū)因氣候條件惡劣而人煙稀少。
    【難點】due to意為“由于”;in spite of意為“盡管”;but for意為“要不是”;with regard to意為“關于”。
    4. C)【句意】他們夫妻習慣愛好都一樣。
    【難點】coincide意為“巧合”。其他三個詞和介詞with搭配的意思分別為:combine with意為“與…結合/聯合”;compromise with意為“跟…妥協(xié)”;compete with意為“與…競爭或進行比賽。”
    5. D)【句意】那名罪犯總是用現金付款,因此警方無法追捕到他。
    【難點】pay in cash是一固定詞組,意為“付現金”,in換成其他三個介詞,不合本句句意。
    6. C)【句意】她眼睛有點近視,習慣盯著看人。
    【難點】gazing意為“凝視”;glance意為“看一眼,掃視;peer意為“好奇而吃力地看”;scan意為“瀏覽,審視”。
    7. D)【句意】當他在當地一家報社求職時,有人通知他去見經理。
    【難點】position意為“職位”;career意為“職業(yè),事業(yè)(指長期的以至于終身從事的職業(yè))”;profession意為“職業(yè)”(特指需要業(yè)務知識或專業(yè)知識的職業(yè));location意為“位置,場所”。
    8. C)【句意】一般跑步的人15分鐘可以跑2英里。
    【難點】average意為“一般的,普通的(人)”;common意為“普通的,常見的(強調與特殊的區(qū)別)”;usual意為“通常的,尋常的(強調經常發(fā)生形成慣例的,一般不修飾表示“人”的名詞)”;general意為“一般的,普通的(強調涉及到方方面面,修飾人時主要指“只有普通知識的,無需特別技能的人”)。
    9. B)【句意】短暫休息后,旅行者們又上路了。
    【難點】resume意為“恢復(原來的活動)”;recover意為“恢復(健康)”;renew意為“使更新,使振奮”;restore意為“修復,整修,恢復(指保持物體本來面目)。”
    10. D)【句意】我有個朋友做起事來,今天這樣,明天那樣,前后不一致。
    【難點】opposite意為“相反的東西”;other前加the表示“另一個”;alternative意為“供選擇的東西”;negative作名詞時,意為“否定”。
    11. C)【句意】恐怖分子可能在雅典把炸彈安在飛機上,定在飛機到達紐約時爆炸。
    【難點】go off意為“爆炸”;get off意為“下(車,馬等),發(fā)出(信件等);carry off意為“奪得(比賽名次),奪去(生命),巧妙地應付”;come off意為“從…離開,舉行,進行。”
    12. A)【句意】她受了一肚子氣,再怎么勸他留下來也是白費口舌。
    【難點】of no avail意為“無用,無益”;on the contrary意為“相反地”;at a loss意為“困惑,不知所措”;in no way 意為“決不,一點也不”。
    13. A)【句意】關于這項提議你有什么要說的嗎?
    【難點】with regard to意為“有關”;in contrast to意為“與…對比”;on behalf of意為“代表”;for the purpose of意為“為了…目的”。
    14. C)【句意】該囚犯被剝奪了普通公民享有的很多權力。
    【難點】deprive意為“剝奪”,與of連用;ensure與介詞against或from搭配,意為“保護”;inform意為“告訴,通知”,與介詞of搭配,意為“告訴某人某事”,與against搭配,意為:告發(fā),告密”;convince與of搭配意為:“使確信,使認識到”。
    15. B)【句意】據估計自1850年以來地表溫度增長了1/4到3/4度。
    【難點】increase by是固定用法,意為“增長了”。by后跟具體的數據,其余三個介詞都不與increase搭配。
    16. B)【句意】當見到錢放在桌子上時,他很想偷。
    【難點】tempt意為“誘惑”;draw意為“拖,拉”;elicit意為“誘出(正式用語),常指得到“實情”或“情報”等;attract意為“吸引(使人喜歡,贊賞)或引起注意”。
    17. B)【句意】狗因為忠實而經常受到稱贊,狗幾乎從不背棄自己的主人。
    【難點】loyalty意為“忠誠,忠于”;faith意為“信心,信任(指具有的一種強烈信任感)”;trust意為“信任(基本上與faith同義)”;trustfulness意為“誠實,說真話”。
    18. B)【句意】彼得是一位優(yōu)秀的射手,既練習打固定靶,也練習打活動靶。
    【難點】stationary意為“固定的”;standing表示“不流動的,不能轉動的”;still意為“靜止的(指由“動”到“靜”,側重于“靜”的含義)”;stable意為“穩(wěn)定的(指沒有大起大落的變化)”。
    19. B)【句意】如果每位經理都像以往那樣講兩句的話,會議要延長45分鐘。
    【難點】prolong意為“延長”;expand意為“展開,擴張”;delay意為“耽擱”;exceed 為“超過”。
    20. D)【句意】小孩子問問題總是問個不停。
    【難點】persistent意為“不斷的,堅持的”;original意為“獨創(chuàng)的”;peculiar意為“特殊的”;imaginative意為“想象力豐富的”。
    21. C)【句意】有些國家由于與外界缺少聯系,導致其貧困。
    【難點】result in意為“導致”;fall into意為“開始(談話,討論等)”;consist in意為“在于”;come up to意為“接近”。
    22. B)【句意】心理學家進行人腦的一般實驗時,通常隨機選擇對象然后向我們提問題。
    【難點】at random意為“隨意地”;at length意為“最終,終于”;in essence意為“實質上”;in bulk意為“散裝地(的)。”
    23. C)【句意】目標就是:讓每個愿意并且有能力接受高等教育的人受到高等教育,而不要顧忌他們的經濟狀況。
    【難點】regardless of意為“無論,不管”;with respect to意為“關于,就…而論”;in accord with意為“和…一致”;in terms of意為“根據,就…來說”。
    24. D)【句意】把屬于別的音樂文化的音樂稱之為“原始的”,那是將自己的標準強加在承認這些標準的人的頭上。
    【難點】impose意為“強加”,后接on;put (on)意為“賦予,推諉”;force 與介詞into搭配,意為“迫使…”;emphasize意為“強調”。
    25. B)【句意】這是這本書的初稿,請大家自由發(fā)表意見。
    【難點】comment on意為“評論”;cope with意為“應付,對付”;confirm意為“證實,確認”;complain意為“抱怨,訴苦”。