2014年英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四考試詞匯語(yǔ)法題考前練兵(29)

字號(hào):


    Test Twenty-Nine
    近義詞辨析
    energy, force, power, strength, vigor, might
    這組詞都有“力”的意思。
    energy
    有“力,力量,精力”之意,原是物理學(xué)用語(yǔ),其含義是“能”的意思,用于人時(shí),指人的能力、精力。
    force
    有“力,力量”和“勢(shì)力,武力”之意,指運(yùn)用或發(fā)揮出來(lái)的力量,著重“力”產(chǎn)生的效果,即使人或物克服阻力,按要求的方向運(yùn)動(dòng),達(dá)到一定目的。
    power
    有“力量,能力,權(quán)力”之意,含義廣泛,可指內(nèi)存的或外來(lái)的、具體的或抽象的力,可引申為“勢(shì)力,政權(quán)”。
    strength
    有“力量,體力”之意,指人或物內(nèi)部存在的力量,除指人身體的力氣外,還可指感情、意志、記憶、判斷等能力,指物時(shí)可指法律、風(fēng)俗、文筆以及輿論等的力量。該詞一般做不可數(shù)名詞。
    vigor
    有“活力,力量”之意,側(cè)重生命的活力或生命本身內(nèi)在的力量,可指“精力,干勁”等,是不可數(shù)名詞。
    might
    有“力量,威力”之意,指強(qiáng)有力的、強(qiáng)大的、超人的力量,是不可數(shù)名詞。
    The work took me a lot of energy.這工作花費(fèi)了我很多精力。
    The old man pulled the wagon with all his force.老人用盡全力拉貨車(chē)。
    The man has strong desire for power.這人渴望擁有權(quán)力。
    These two boys are equal in strength.這兩個(gè)男孩力氣相等。
    It is patriotism that gives the vigor of her writings.是愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神使她的作品充滿(mǎn)生命力。
    She worked with all her might.她竭盡全力地工作。
    arouse, rouse?
    這組詞均含有“喚醒,引起”的意思,兩者往往可以通用。
    rouse
    一般作及物動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。
    arouse
    只作及物動(dòng)詞:
    The fire roused the people from their sleep.大火把人們從睡夢(mèng)中驚醒。
    We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation.我們必須喚醒他們起來(lái)為自己的解放而斗爭(zhēng).
    全真模擬試題
    1. He told me only part of the story ?____?.
    A. so that was it B. so that was this
    C. and that was so D. and that was that
    2. ?____? increases every year as natural habitats disappear.
    A. The amount ofendangered species
    B. The quantity of endangering species
    C. The number of endangered species
    D. The majority of endangering species
    3. Prices reach an equilibrium at the level at which quantity demanded ?____? quantity supplied.
    A. is equal to B. equal C. equals to D. is equal
    4. The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property ?____? the terms of the agreement.
    A. with regard to B. in relation to
    C. in accordance with D. providedby
    5. Mr. Johnson is ?____? to our party.
    A. more than pleased to come
    B. pleased more than to come
    C. more pleased than to come
    D. more pleasing than to come
    6. She intends to move that the committee ?____? discussion on this issue.
    A. suspends B. suspend C. will suspend D. suspended
    7. It has been suggested that people who watch television incessantly ?____? overly passive.
    A. become B. may become
    C. should become D. became
    8. He will remain here if ?____?.
    A. needed B. need to be C. need be D. need is
    9. The publishers will send you a specimen copy of their new books ?______?.
    A. when it will be requested B. when they are requested it
    C. when it is requested D. when requested
    10. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of ____ .
    A. organized geographical information
    B. geographical organized information
    C. geographically organized information
    D. organizing information geographically
    11. As Mr. Best was passing the bookstore, he thought he’d just ?____? to see whether any interesting books were on sale.
    A. look through B. look in C. look up D. look for
    12. Margie’s bedroom was in a ?____?, with books and papers covering every possible surface.
    A. litter B. disorder C. rubbish D. mess
    13. Burton said he could not swim until the?____? came in because the sea was too far out.
    A. current B. tide C. flood D. wave
    14. They decided to ?____? their original plans for the house and make it smaller.
    A. scale down B. look down upon
    C. break down D. keep down
    15. It is not uncommon to ?____? large numbers of automobiles in the streets of cities like London, Paris and New York.
    A. entail B. enclose C. encounter D. endure
    16. The oxygen equipment made it possible for the climbers to rest and sleep at very high ____?.
    A.latitude B. altitude C. level D. hemisphere
    17. ?____? scientists say the earth will heat up like a pot of flowers in a greenhouse.
    A. In the first place B. At any rate
    C. As a matter of fact D. As a result
    18. Prizes are open to all, ?____? nationality, race, or ideology.
    A. for the sake of B. regardless of
    C. at the cost of D. because of
    19. The church is ?____? on the hillside, about a mile from the town.
    A. situated B. lied C. stationed D. placed
    20. Because some teachers believe that memorization and learning are ?______?, they may tell you that you shouldn’t memorize material; rather, you should understand it.
    A. relevant B. compatible
    C. incompatible D. incomplete
    21. In technology, progress is the standard. In social ?____?, continuity is the standard, and when change occurs, it is seen as decline rather than advance.
    A. institutions B. commitments
    C. limitations D. regulations
    22. The job candidates’ main ?____? was that he’d never held a job for more than eight months.
    A. illusion B. indignation C. endurance D. liability
    23. A(n) ?____? job is one that is long and boring.
    A. dull B. tedious C. uninteresting D. monotonous
    24. The situation there ?____? that I should be careful and patient.
    A. demands B. requires C. hopes D. wishes
    25. World War I marked the beginning of this general ?____?ofcapitalism.
    A. crisis B. emergency C. symbol D. tendency
    試題答案與解析
    1. D)【句意】他沒(méi)把事情全告訴我,就是這樣。
    【難點(diǎn)】That’s it意為“對(duì)了”,等于That’s right,或“就這樣,完了”,等于That’s all.That’s that是一句加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的用語(yǔ),表示決心、結(jié)束爭(zhēng)論、講完故事等時(shí)使用的用語(yǔ),意為“就是這樣;就是那么回事;再?zèng)]什么可說(shuō)的”。根據(jù)題意,選項(xiàng)D)正確。
    2. C)【句意】隨著自然界動(dòng)物居所的消失,瀕危物種的數(shù)量每年也在增加。
    【難點(diǎn)】endangered species意為“瀕危物種”,endangered表示被動(dòng),不能換成endangering,因?yàn)?ing形式表示主動(dòng)。the amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,所以選項(xiàng)A)不對(duì);the quantity of和the majority of雖可修飾可數(shù)名詞,但其中的endangering不合語(yǔ)法,所以選C)。
    3. A)【句意】物價(jià)應(yīng)在供求量相等的水平上達(dá)到平衡。
    【難點(diǎn)】be equal to意為“與…相等”,等于及物動(dòng)詞equal。在at which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),而B(niǎo))項(xiàng)equal又沒(méi)有詞尾s,C)和D)兩項(xiàng)的形式又不正確,所以A)項(xiàng)正確,因其既合語(yǔ)法也合句意。
    4. C)【句意】房客必須根據(jù)協(xié)議條款作好裝修房產(chǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。
    【難點(diǎn)】with regard to意為“有關(guān),關(guān)于”;in relation to意為“與…相關(guān)”;in accordance with意為“根據(jù),按照”;provided by不是習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)選C)。
    5. A)【句意】約翰遜先生非常高興來(lái)參加我們的晚會(huì)。
    【難點(diǎn)】“more than+形容詞”是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu),意為“非常…,豈只”,如:more than enough夠得用不了。be pleased to do是本句要考的另一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),意為“高興做某事”。綜合兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),正確的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是A)。
    6. B)【句意】她想提議委員會(huì)暫時(shí)終止對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的討論。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句中,move后面加that從句時(shí),從句中要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。所以選項(xiàng)中只有B)對(duì)。
    7. B)【句意】有跡象顯示,經(jīng)常看電視的人可能會(huì)變得過(guò)分消極。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句中的suggest不作“建議”講,而是“顯示,暗示,表明”之意,所以that從句中不接虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It在本句中作形式主語(yǔ),真實(shí)主語(yǔ)是that從句。
    8. C)【句意】如果必要,他將留在這里。
    【難點(diǎn)】if need be是一個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配,意為“必要的話(huà)”。
    9. D)【句意】如果你要求,出版商會(huì)把他們的新書(shū)給你寄個(gè)樣本來(lái)。
    【難點(diǎn)】when requested是when it is requested by you的省略形式。when, while等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),這種省略經(jīng)常發(fā)生。
    10. C)【句意】看地圖的最有效方式是不把它看作是一張紙,而看作是組織起來(lái)的地理信息的記錄。
    【難點(diǎn)】本句考查的是詞序。organized是過(guò)去分詞,作定語(yǔ)修飾information,副詞geographically修飾動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的過(guò)去分詞organized,所以C)項(xiàng)正確。
    11. B)【句意】貝斯特先生路過(guò)書(shū)店的時(shí)候,想朝里面看看有沒(méi)有他感興趣的書(shū)。
    【難點(diǎn)】look in意為“朝里面看”;look through意為“瀏覽”;look up意為“查閱(字典等)”;look for意為“尋找”。
    12. D)【句意】麥奇的臥室亂七八糟,書(shū)和紙弄得到處都是。
    【難點(diǎn)】mess意為“零亂狀態(tài)”;litter意為“廢紙屑,垃圾,破爛”;disorder意為“雜亂,混亂,無(wú)秩序”;rubbish意為“垃圾,廢物”。
    13. B)【句意】伯頓說(shuō)他要等漲潮后才下去游,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在海水離得太遠(yuǎn)。
    【難點(diǎn)】tide意為“潮水,潮汐”;current意為“水流,氣流”;flood意為“洪水,水災(zāi)”;wave意為“波浪”。
    14. A)【句意】他們決定按比例縮減原來(lái)對(duì)房子的計(jì)劃,把房子變小。
    【難點(diǎn)】scale down意為“按比例縮減,相應(yīng)縮減”;look down upon意為“看不起,輕視”;break down意為“搗毀,拆除”;keep down意為“壓縮,限制”。
    15. C)【句意】在諸如倫敦,巴黎和紐約這樣的城市里的街上遇到大量汽車(chē)是司空見(jiàn)慣的事。
    【難點(diǎn)】encounter意為“遭遇,遇到”;entail意為“使成為必要,需要”;enclose意為“把…裝入信封;附上”;endure意為“持續(xù),持久”。
    16. B)【句意】氧氣設(shè)備使得登山者在海拔很高的高度得以休息和睡覺(jué)。
    【難點(diǎn)】altitude意為“高度;海拔”;latitude意為“緯度”;level意為“水平線(xiàn);水平面”;hemisphere意為“半球”。
    17. D)【句意】所以,科學(xué)家說(shuō)地球會(huì)像溫室里的一個(gè)花盆一樣變暖。
    【難點(diǎn)】as a result意為“作為結(jié)果,因此”;in the first place意為“首先,第一”;at any rate意為“無(wú)論如何,無(wú)論怎么說(shuō)”;as a matter of fact意為“實(shí)際上”。
    18. B)【句意】人人有權(quán)得到獎(jiǎng)金,無(wú)論國(guó)籍,種族或價(jià)值觀(guān)念是什么。
    【難點(diǎn)】regardless意為“無(wú)論,不顧”;for the sake of意為“為了,為…利益”;at the cost of意為“以…為代價(jià)”;because of意為“因?yàn)?,由?rdquo;。
    19. A)【句意】教堂座落在山坡上,離城里大約一英里。
    【難點(diǎn)】be situated in(on)意為“座落在…;位于…”;lie變成lied時(shí),不是“座落,位于”的意思,而是“撒謊”;station意為“駐扎”;place意為“放置,安置”。
    20. C)【句意】因?yàn)橐恍┙處熣J(rèn)為記憶和學(xué)習(xí)是不能相輔相成的,所以他們可能會(huì)告訴你,你不該對(duì)材料進(jìn)行記憶;換句話(huà)說(shuō),你應(yīng)該理解材料。
    【難點(diǎn)】incompatible意為“不協(xié)調(diào)的,不能和諧相處的”;relevant意為“切題的,相關(guān)的”;compatible意為“協(xié)調(diào)的,合得來(lái)的”;incomplete意為“不完全的,不完整的”。
    21. A)【句意】在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域,進(jìn)步就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn);在社會(huì)領(lǐng)域,連續(xù)性是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。發(fā)生變革的時(shí)候,變革被看作是衰退而不是進(jìn)步。
    【難點(diǎn)】institution意為“制度,習(xí)俗”;commitment意為“承諾,約定”;limitation意為“限制,局限”;regulation意為“規(guī)則,規(guī)章”。
    22. D)【句意】這位求職者的主要不利條件是他以前干的工作沒(méi)有超過(guò)八個(gè)月的。
    2.
    3. 【難點(diǎn)】liability意為“不利條件”;illusion意為“幻覺(jué),錯(cuò)覺(jué);indignation意為“憤怒,憤慨”;endurance意為“耐力,持久力”。
    23. B)【句意】單調(diào)乏味的工作的特點(diǎn)是冗長(zhǎng)和無(wú)聊。
    【難點(diǎn)】tedious意為“冗長(zhǎng)的;單調(diào)乏味的”,側(cè)重因又長(zhǎng)又慢又羅嗦而令人生厭。dull意為“沒(méi)意思的,乏味的,無(wú)聊的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)缺乏使人感到有趣的特點(diǎn)。uninteresting意為“引不起興趣的”;monotonous意為“單調(diào)的,令人厭倦的”,表示由于缺乏變化,總是保持一個(gè)樣子而令人厭倦。
    24. B)【句意】那里的形勢(shì)要求我必須小心和耐心。
    【難點(diǎn)】require意為“要求”,后接that從句時(shí)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,該詞指由于客觀(guān)規(guī)律或法律制度的規(guī)定,必須或有權(quán)力來(lái)要求或命令。demand也是“要求”,后面也接虛擬語(yǔ)氣,但語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈,表示嚴(yán)肅、鄭重地要求,同時(shí)也有“發(fā)出命令”或“迫切要求”的意思。hope意為“希望”,一種可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望。wish意為“但愿”,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。
    25. A)【句意】第一次世界大戰(zhàn)標(biāo)志著資本主義危機(jī)的全面開(kāi)始。
    【難點(diǎn)】crisis意為“危機(jī)”;emergency意為“緊急情況,急診”;symbol意為“象征,標(biāo)志”;tendency意為“趨勢(shì),趨向”。