Test Twenty-Six
近義詞辨析
range, reach, scope, compass, scale
這是一組表示“范圍”的名詞，其側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。
range
代表的是一個(gè)可以測(cè)量的范圍，在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)包括一系列可變化的數(shù)量。range還特指視力、聽力所能達(dá)到的距離和槍炮的射程。
reach
特指伸手可達(dá)到的距離或非常近的距離，其比喻含義指能力、權(quán)力、影響等可達(dá)到的范圍。
scope
指人們所處理、研究的事物的“范圍”以及所掌握、控制的“面積”。scope的比喻含義指的是所掌握的知識(shí)的寬度，即“眼界，見識(shí)”。
compass
在意義上與scope相同，是正式用語，表示活動(dòng)、興趣、能力的“界限，范圍”。
scale
特指刻度、標(biāo)度的范圍，也指品級(jí)、級(jí)別的規(guī)模和大小的范圍：
The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鳥飛入了我的視野。
Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把藥放到孩子們夠不到的地方!
Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的書涉及到浪漫主義嗎?
Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程建設(shè)不屬這個(gè)部門管轄。
This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.溫度計(jì)上有兩種刻度，一種是華氏，另一種是攝氏。
scarce, rare?
這組詞均含有“稀少的，少有的”的意思。
rare
強(qiáng)調(diào)某種東西是很少見到的，或某種現(xiàn)象是很少發(fā)生的，具有珍貴、貴重的意味。它的反義詞是common。
scarce
形容的事物不一定有珍貴之意，而是指有些東西(通常為日用品)因匱乏或難以得到而變得稀少或缺少。它的反義詞是plentiful或abundant。此外，修飾時(shí)間表示頻率時(shí)，則只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此時(shí)rare的含義是“不經(jīng)常發(fā)生的”
The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊貓是世界上稀有動(dòng)物之一。
Water is scarce in Sahara.撒哈拉沙漠上缺水。
全真模擬試題
1. ?____? plastics, the machine is light in weight.
A. To make of B. To be made of
C. Having made of D. Made of
2. “?____? all three people in the car injured in the accident?”
“No,?____? only the two passengers who got hurt.”
A. Were/it was B. Are/there is
C. Were/it were D. Was/there was
3. ?____? is to be in the flowing “river” of bears.
A. Stand on the tip of the cape
B. To stand on the tip of the cape
C. Standing on the tip of the cape
D. Being standing on the tip of the cape
4. The speech which he made ?____? the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
A. being concerned B.be concerned
C. concerned D. concerning
5.?____? in an atmosphere of simple living was what his parents wished for.
A. He was educated B. He educated
C. His being educated D. He to be educated
6. No sooner ?____? than he realized that he should have remained silent.
A. the words had spoken B. had the words spoken
C. the words had been spoken D. had the words been spoken
7. He went out of the General Manager’s office, looking as if he ?____?.
A. has been severely punished
B. were severely punished
C. was severely punished
D. had been severely punished
8. The factory manager and secretary ?____? our party.
A. is to attend B. are to attend
C. were to attend D. is attended
9. This project is known to ?____? for three months.
A. having been going on B. go on
C. have been going on D. be going on
10. ?____? the car accident, they would have arrived earlier.
A. Except for B. But for C. Besides D. Save for
11. Jane is slow but her brother, on the contrary, is quick at ?____? the point of an argument.
A. grabbing B. grasping C. capturing D. snatching
12. In an attempt to get to the ?____? of the problem, the reporter interviewed every eyewitness.
A. root B. stem C. center D. base
13. The tourists ?____? through the fog, trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.
A. peered B. peeped C. glanced D. glimpsed
14. The noise was so faint that you had to ?____? your ears to hear it.
A. stir B. strengthen C. strain D. stride
15. Because of the severe drought, the government has urged people to be ?____? with water.
A. economic B. thrifty C. cautious D. economical
16. They came to inspect the house ?____? buying it.
A. in the event of B. with a view to
C. with reference to D. on account of
17. If a child is brought up in isolation away from human beings, he does not ?____? language.
A. inquire B. require C. acquire D. request
18. The use of sound is widespread as ?____? of animal communication.
A. a means B. ways C. a tool D. signals
19. There is no ?____? evidence to date that people in the Western world can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab.
A. solid B. hard C. good D. fine
20. Many of the inventions that made people ?____? and have determined the direction of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.
A. affluent B. abundant C. sufficient D. bankrupt
21. They ?____? a coin to decide who would go first.
A. ticked B. tiled C. towed D. tossed
22. You should ?____? to one or more weekly magazines such as Time,or People.
A. subscribe B. order C. prescribe D. reclaim
23. No one knew the man’s age until he ?____? it by accident.
A. display B. revealed C. exhibit D. exposed
24. Rising from the table he ?____? his hat and went out.
A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore
25. His hard work ?____? him a good reputation.
A. obtained B. acquired C. gained D. earned
試題答案與解析
1. D)【句意】這臺(tái)機(jī)器是塑料制成的，所以很輕。
【難點(diǎn)】分詞結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首，往往表示主句動(dòng)作或行為的原因。動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，往往作目的狀語。本句中主句的主語和原因狀語部分的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一致，故后者的動(dòng)詞部分應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以只有D)正確。
2. A)【句意】“在這次事故中三個(gè)人全都受傷了嗎?”“沒有，只有兩名乘客受了傷”。
【難點(diǎn)】問句中的three people要求用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以選were。答句中用了強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，即It was +sb.+who(that)從句。
3. B)【句意】站在海岬的頂端實(shí)際上就是站在流動(dòng)的熊河里。
【難點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作主語，但在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中，如果表語為動(dòng)詞不定式，則主語也應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞不定式;如果表語為動(dòng)名詞，則主語也應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞，二者必須統(tǒng)一。
4. D)【句意】他就本次足球賽所做的講話令許多球迷煩得要死。
【難點(diǎn)】本句中缺少一個(gè)介詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D)可以用作介詞，意為“有關(guān)，關(guān)于”，相當(dāng)于about。
5. C)【句意】他在一種簡(jiǎn)樸生活的氛圍中受教育正是他父母所希望的。
【難點(diǎn)】本句的主語是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞短語，即C)。全句總體結(jié)構(gòu)為主系表。
6. D)【句意】話一出口，他就意識(shí)到他應(yīng)該保持沉默。
【難點(diǎn)】no sooner …than常譯為“一…就”，為一固定的搭配。如果no sooner 置于句首，則從句的主語和謂語必須倒裝，在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句一般用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D)正確。
7. D)【句意】他走出總經(jīng)理辦公室，看起來好像受到了嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。
【難點(diǎn)】look as if +從句這種結(jié)構(gòu)，從句中的謂語一般用虛擬式，如謂語的形式為過去時(shí)，則表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，如謂語的形式為過去完成時(shí)，則表示與過去的事實(shí)相反。
8. A)【句意】廠長(zhǎng)兼書記來參加我們的聚會(huì)。
【難點(diǎn)】英語中，如果兩個(gè)以上的名詞前面只有一個(gè)定冠詞the，則可認(rèn)定指的是一個(gè)人或物;如果這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。
9. C)【句意】據(jù)悉這項(xiàng)工程已進(jìn)行了三個(gè)月了。
【難點(diǎn)】因?yàn)閒or three months是個(gè)與完成時(shí)連用的狀語，且to為不定式符號(hào)，所以選C)，即不定式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
10.B)【句意】要不是那場(chǎng)車禍，他們可能早就到了。
【難點(diǎn)】But for 常與后邊的名詞或代詞連用，用于表達(dá)虛擬的條件。其他選項(xiàng)無此功能。
11. B)【句意】簡(jiǎn)反應(yīng)慢，可她哥哥卻相反，在理解論點(diǎn)方面反應(yīng)非常快。
【難點(diǎn)】grasp 意為“理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)”;grab 意為“抓取，攫取”;capture 意為“引起(注意);逮住”;snatch 意為“奪走，奪得”。
12. A)【句意】為了查清問題的根源，記者采訪了每個(gè)目擊者。
【難點(diǎn)】root 意為“根源;根由”;stem 意為“樹干;草莖;葉梗”;center意為“中心;中心點(diǎn)”;base意為“基底;底座”。
13. A)【句意】游客們透過迷霧仔細(xì)看，想讀一讀刻在墓碑上的莎士比亞為自己選擇的碑文。
【難點(diǎn)】peer 意為“仔細(xì)看，費(fèi)力地看，凝視”;peep 意為“窺;偷看”;glance意
為“看一眼;掃視”，是故意的動(dòng)作;glimpse 意為“看一眼”，是偶然的動(dòng)作。
14. C)【句意】聲音如此微弱，你必須把耳朵豎起來才聽得見。
【難點(diǎn)】strain 意為“使緊張，盡力使用”;stir意為“使微動(dòng);移動(dòng)”;strengthen 意為“加強(qiáng);鞏固”;stride 意為“跨越”。
15. B)【句意】由于那場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，政府號(hào)召人們節(jié)約用水。
【難點(diǎn)】thrifty 意為“節(jié)儉的;節(jié)約的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用錢精打細(xì)算，后可接with;economic 意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的”;cautious 意為“十分小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的”;economical 意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)約的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)不浪費(fèi)。
16. B)【句意】他們來看房子，目的是想買。
【難點(diǎn)】with a view to 意為“以…為目標(biāo);目的是…”，后接動(dòng)名詞;in the event of 意為“如果…發(fā)生;萬一”;with reference to 意為“關(guān)于，就…而論”;on account of 意為“因?yàn)?，由?rdquo;。
17. C)【句意】如果一個(gè)孩子在與人類隔絕的環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大，他就不會(huì)獲得語言。
【難點(diǎn)】acquire 意為“獲得(語言，知識(shí)等)”;inquire 意為“詢問，查詢”;require意為“要求”，request 意為“請(qǐng)求”。
18. A)【句意】聲音被廣泛地用作動(dòng)物交際的手段。
【難點(diǎn)】means意為“手段，方法”，形為復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù);way 意為“方法，方式”，復(fù)數(shù)形式不合本句句意;tool 意為“工具，器具”;signal 意為“信號(hào)，暗號(hào)”。
19. A)【句意】至今沒有確實(shí)的證據(jù)證明西方人能控制自己的夢(mèng)，至少在實(shí)驗(yàn)室場(chǎng)合沒有。
【難點(diǎn)】solid 意為“充分的，確實(shí)的;有根據(jù)的”;hard 意為“堅(jiān)硬的;堅(jiān)實(shí)的”。hard evidence 為“鐵證”，指不可****性，而本句句意是強(qiáng)調(diào)是否有證據(jù)，所以solid 更確切。good 和fine與evidence 搭配后，在本句中意義不當(dāng)。
20. A)【句意】許多使人民生活富足并決定美國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食生產(chǎn)有關(guān)。
【難點(diǎn)】affluent意為“富裕的，豐富的”，可形容人;abundant意為“充裕的，豐富的”，形容物;sufficient 意為“足夠的，充足的”;bankrupt 意為“破產(chǎn)的”。
21. D)【句意】他們拋硬幣決定誰先去。
【難點(diǎn)】toss意為“擲(硬幣);投，擲”;tick意為“滴答”;tile意為“鋪磚”;tow意為“拖拉，牽引”。
22. A)【句意】你應(yīng)該訂閱一本或一本以上的像《時(shí)代》或《人物》這樣的周刊雜志。
【難點(diǎn)】subscribe意為“訂閱(報(bào)刊等)”，后接介詞to;order意為“定購(gòu)，預(yù)定，點(diǎn)(飯，菜)”;prescribe意為“開處方”;reclaim意為“改造，感化”。
23. B)【句意】直到他偶然披露，人們才知道他的年齡。
【難點(diǎn)】reveal意為“揭露;暴露;透露”;display意為“展示，發(fā)揮”;exhibit意為“表現(xiàn)，顯示”;expose意為“使…暴露在…下”。
24. A)【句意】他從桌旁站起身，戴上帽子，走了出去。
【難點(diǎn)】put on強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作;dress作穿衣講時(shí)后接反身代詞，或用be dressed形式;have on強(qiáng)調(diào)穿完后的狀態(tài);wear強(qiáng)調(diào)穿戴的經(jīng)常性。
25. D)【句意】他勤奮工作，為自己贏得了聲譽(yù)。
【難點(diǎn)】earn意為“獲得(贊賞)，贏得(名聲，地位等)”;obtain意為“得到;獲得”，指付出一定努力后才得到渴望的事物;acquire意為“學(xué)得(知識(shí)，技術(shù))”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過點(diǎn)滴艱苦努力而獲得知識(shí)、技能等;gain意為“獲得，得到，賺得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的努力取得。