Adam Smith, writter in the 1770s, was the first peson to see theimportance of the division of labor and to explain part of itsadvantage. He gives as an example the process which pins weremade in England."One man draws out __1__ the wire, anotherstrengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it atthe top to prepare it to receive the head.
To make the head require two or three distinct operations. To__2__ pur it on is a separateoperation, to publish the pins is another.It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. Andthe important business of making pins are, in the manner, divided__3__ into about eighteendistinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in otherthe same __4__ man will sometimes perform two of three of them." Ten men,Smith said, in thisway, turned twelve pounds of pins a day or__5__ about 4800 pins apiece. But if all of them hadworked seperatel and dependently without division of labor, they__6__ certainly could not each ofthem have twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division oflabor, provide that it is not taken too far, is an __7__ efficient way of organizing work. Fewerpeople can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took them for__8__ granted thatdivision of labor is in itself responsible for the economic growth and development and that itaccounts __9__ for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. Butdivision of labor adds something new; it __10__ only enables people to produce more of whatthey already have.
參考答案及解析:
1.在which前面加上by。which的先行詞是the process， 必須通過(by) the process生產(chǎn)pin。而不是the process本身
2. require—requires。主語為不定式to make the head，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
3. are—is。主語為the important business of
4. other—others。others是代詞，代指other factories
5. 在turned后加out。turn out 是習(xí)語，意為“生產(chǎn)出.......”
6. dependently—independently。邏輯上應(yīng)與上文的separately一致
7. provide—provided/providing = on condition(that)。意為假設(shè)，倘若，引導(dǎo)條件句
8. them—it。習(xí)語take it for granted
9. 去掉the。抽象名詞在用來表示它的一般概念時(shí)常不用冠詞;即使前面有一段描繪性的定語，也多不加冠詞，growth 和development 正屬于抽象名詞
10. something—nothing。根據(jù)上下文，因?yàn)?ldquo;勞動(dòng)分工”沒什么新意